Sclerocarya birrea seed oil

ALARIA ESCULENTA EXTRACT

Works as a humectant helping to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be effective as an anti-oxidant.

ASCORBIC ACID

The most well-researched antioxidant that works in skin. Helps neutralize free radicals supporting collagen production, helping to even out the skin tone and preventing early signs of aging

AVENA SATIVA KERNEL EXTRACT

An effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties

BETULA ALBA BARK EXTRACT

Has astringent properties. Creates a tightening and drying effect on the skin. Can be irritating

BRASSICA OLERACEA ITALICA EXTRACT

Might have some anti-inflammatory properties but research is lacking

BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

CAFFEINE

Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes

CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT

Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS SEED OIL

An emollient that helps soften the skin and might help calm down inflammation

ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDE

A vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Has a potential to boost collagen production, nutralise free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products

VIOLA TRICOLOR EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have an anti-inflammatory effect in skin

CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACT

A plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though.

BISABOLOL

An active component of chamomile plant that historically has been used to calm down irritated skin. A recent study shows that bisabolol indeed can have some anti-inflammatory effect on skin, even though conclusive data is lacking. Bisabolol has a sweet floral scent and can be added to products for its aromatic properties

CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF

Green tea leaf powder that might contain antioxidants to help neutralize free radicals in skin

COLLOIDAL OATMEAL

Helps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammation

COMMIPHORA MUKUL RESIN EXTRACT

A plant extract might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin

MEDICAGO SATIVA EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

CUCUMIS SATIVUS FRUIT EXTRACT

Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect

DIPALMITOYL HYDROXYPROLINE

Is claimed to stimulate collagen and elastin production, as well as work as an anti-oxidant. There is however not enough evidence for its effectiveness

GLYCINE SOJA SEED EXTRACT

An emollient that helps soften the skin. Might be somewhat helpful in evening the skin tone.

GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals

ALCHEMILLA VULGARIS EXTRACT

A plant extract that has astringent properties. In other words, it might be able to interact with keratin in the uppermost layer of the skin to reduce swelling and create a temporal tightening effect. It can be irritating

MALPIGHIA EMARGINATA SEED EXTRACT

Can help neutralize free radicals in skin but is typically not used in a high enough concentration

SPINACIA OLERACEA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

NELUMBO NUCIFERA FLOWER EXTRACT

PALMITOYL GRAPEVINE SHOOT EXTRACT

An extract from grape plant that can contain a potent antioxidant resveratrol. The manufacturer (Caudalie) claims that this particular extract is effective against hyperpigmentation. This effect would be explained by the resveratrol content. However, there is no independent research confirming the manufacturer's claim beside the potential for anti-oxidant activity

RETINOL

Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating

ROSA CANINA FRUIT OIL

A great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritating

ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS LEAF EXTRACT

Can be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin. Is a likely irritant

SILYBUM MARIANUM EXTRACT

Might be able to help neutralize free radical, calm down inflammation in skin, and even skin tone

THERMUS THERMOPHILLUS FERMENT

Might be helpful in neutralising free radicals in skin and have some hydration properties

TOCOPHERYL ACETATE

A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.

CITRULLUS LANATUS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can contain an antioxidant compound

HORDEUM VULGARE EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to gluten

ETHYLBISIMINOMETHYLGUAIACOL MANGANESE CHLORIDE

A potent anti-oxidant that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and protect from harmful effects of sun exposure, even though more studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness in topical applications

TOCOPHEROL

Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself

ERGOTHIONEINE

Can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Preliminary studies show that it can be more effective than coenzyme Q10 but studies on effective concentration for topical applications are lacking

GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID

Active compound of licorice root. Works to calm down inflammation, as an anti-oxidant, and might be helpful in lightening the skin and reducing hyperpigmentation

GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that can be effective for calming down inflammation and lightening the skin, but the effectivenss in products can vary significantly based on the extract quality and concentration used

HABERLEA RHODOPENSIS LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that if used in high concentration might help to neutralize free radicals in skin

POLYGONUM CUSPIDATUM ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can contain resveratrol, an antioxidant that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. The effectiveness depends on the extract quality and concentration in the product

AMINOPROPYL ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE

A more stable but less potent derivative of vitamin C. It can help neautralize free radicals and even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration (required levels are likely to be much higher than for pure vitamin C, and solid studies are lacking at the moment)

LAMINARIA DIGITATA EXTRACT

Seaweed extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but good research is lacking at the moment

QUERCETIN

Might be able to help neutralize free radicals in skin

TETRAHEXYLDECYL ASCORBATE

Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective.

UBIQUINONE

Coenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen

OLEANOLIC ACID

Might be helpful against blemishes, work as an anti-oxidant, reduce inflammation and improve skin's ability to hold on to moisture, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness when applied topically to human skin

URSOLIC ACID

PARACHLORELLA BEIJERINCKII EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES

Compounds extracted from green algae that could help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skincare products (topical applicaiton) is missing. Helps moisturize the skin by attracting water to its upper layer

PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and have a skin lightening effect if used in high enough concentrations

FERULIC ACID

A potent anti-oxidant that has been shown to be effective in neutralizing free radicals in skin. There seem to have a synergetic effect of ferulic acid, vitamin E and C, meaning that when the ingredients are used together, they enhance each other's ability protect the skin against free radicals. Ferulic acid also helps to stabilize other ingredients - including vitamins C and E. It can help to even out the skin tone. Ferulic acid is approved for use as a sunscreen ingredient in Japan in concentrations up to 10%

TETRAHYDROBISDEMETHOXYDIFERULOYLMETHANE

An anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritating

TETRAHYDRODEMETHOXYDIFERULOYLMETHANE

An anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). Is a part of the tetrahydrocurcuminoids complex (THC). The complex might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritating

TETRAHYDRODIFERULOYLMETHANE

An anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). Is a part of the tetrahydrocurcuminoids complex (THC). The complex might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritating

CHLORELLA VULGARIS EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

NELUMBO NUCIFERA EXTRACT

Might be somewhat helpful in protecting elastin in skin and evening skin tone, but good research is lacking. Contains fragrant components and can be irritating.

TAURINE

Could be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin, evening out the skin tone and neutralizing free radicals, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness

ELLAGIC ACID

Can help neutralize free radicals in skin. It can help prevent and treat hyperpigmentation and even out the skin tone

SAMBUCUS NIGRA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that may contain a small amount of essential oils. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin

SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI PEEL EXTRACT

A plant extract that can contain saponins. Might have anti-bactrial and anti-oxidant effect in skin. Also can be used to help oil and water mix together

BIFIDA FERMENT LYSATE

Consists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effect

THEOBROMA CACAO SEED BUTTER

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effect

CASTANEA SATIVA SEED EXTRACT

A plant extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals

CREATINE

Can support skin's ability to neutralize free radicals and produce collagen, though further research is needed to confirm effectiveness

COFFEA ARABICA SEED OIL

Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin

EUTERPE OLERACEA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can have some anti-oxidant effect in skin

MICROCOCCUS LYSATE

Consists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"

VITIS VINIFERA SEED EXTRACT

A plant extract that contains resveratrol and other anti-oxidant compounds that can help neutralize free radicals, reduce inflammation in skin and even out its tone. Can be also used to stabilize the product formulation

BETA-GLUCAN

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles

BORAGO OFFICINALIS SEED OIL

A plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydration

GLUCONOLACTONE

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals

ORYZANOL

An anti-oxidant that helps stabilize product formulations. Might help neutralise free radicals in skin

COFFEA ARABICA SEED EXTRACT

Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin

ARTEMIA EXTRACT

Zooplankton extract that can attract water to the upper level of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effect

ZINC GLUCONATE

Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin

COPPER GLUCONATE

Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing

MALTOBIONIC ACID

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is genter than AHAs. In addition, it helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals

ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can contain fragrand compounds like linalool that can be irritating

PUNICA GRANATUM EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out the skin tone, but is typically used in products in a concentration that is too low to be effective

ZINC PCA

A compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missing

CHRYSIN

Might be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles, as well as lightening the skin, but solid evidence is missing. Could somewhat help in reducing the darkness of the under-eye area. Helps to neutralise free radicals in skin

SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE

A stable derivative of vitamin C. It is oil-soluble which means it is more likely to penetrate the skin compared to the pure form of vitamin C (which is water-soluble), but it is less bio-available and is way less effective in stimulating collagen and reducing wrinkles compared to the pure form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and its other derivatives (for example, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate). At the same time, this vitamin C derivative has been shown in studies to be effective in reducing acne, blemishes and clogged pores. It is less irritating then the pure form of vitamin C

SQUALENE

An oil that is naturally part of skin sebum that helps to soften its upper layer, reduce water loss and neutralize free radicals. It might be comedogenic. Avoid applying large concentrations (or pure oil) before sun exposure as oxidized squalene can clog pores and lead to skin irritation. Today squalene is mostly derived from vegetable oils or synthetized by yeast

DUNALIELLA SALINA EXTRACT

A green micro-algae extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but solid evidence is lacking. It helps to soften the upper layer of the skin

VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract tha can have anti-oxidant properties, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

ULMUS DAVIDIANA ROOT EXTRACT

A plant root extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It might have an anti-inflammatory effect and could help neturalize free radicals in skin

LACTOBIONIC ACID

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity

DECARBOXY CARNOSINE HCL

Might be able to protect the skin from free radicals, but further evidence of effectiveness is needed

GINKGO BILOBA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation in skin. It can be irritating

EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and calm down irritation in skin. However, it can contain compounds that can be irritating themselves

SALIX ALBA BARK EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. It contains a compound salicin that can theoretically be converted into salicylic acid that, in turn, helps reduce inflammation in skin, but the evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking and the extract is usually not used in a concentration that would enable an exfoliating effect

TOCOTRIENOLS

A type of vitamin E that is more powerful in neutralizing free radicals compared to its other forms

CHITOSAN

Inhibits acne-causing bacteria on the surface of the skin. Can help to reduce inflammation caused by bacteria. Helps neutralize free radicals in skin. Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PINUS PINASTER BARK EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

LONICERA JAPONICA FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can contain volalite oils and be irritating

LONICERA CAPRIFOLIUM FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can contain volalite oils and be irritating

SELAGINELLA LEPIDOPHYLLA EXTRACT

A plant extract that might be able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and have some antioxidant effect, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

CARNOSINE

A type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damage

LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACT

A plant stem cell extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation in skin

OENOTHERA BIENNIS SEED

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence is lacking

VACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED OIL

A plant oil that can help neutralize free radicals, soften the upper layer of the skin, and support skin's barrier function

LYCOPENE

Helps neutralize free radicals in skin combating sun damage. Adds a red color to the product

EUTERPE OLERACEA FRUIT OIL

A plant oil that might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

DAUCUS CAROTA SATIVA SEED OIL

A plant oil that might help neutralize free radicals and have an anti-bacterial effect

HYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINONE

An analogue of coenzyme Q10 that has a lower molecular weight, which can improve its ability to penetrate the skin. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen

LYCIUM BARBARUM FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layer

ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS LEAF OIL

A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Has anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skin

RESVERATROL

Helps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, as well as even out the skin tone

BUDDLEJA OFFICINALIS FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant flower extract that might help calm down inflammation in skin and neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

SCENEDESMUS RUBESCENS EXTRACT

A micro-algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support its barrier function, amd might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

HYDROLYZED GINSENG SAPONINS

Plant extract that might help calm down inflammation in skin and neutralize free radicals, but effectiveness of topical application is not confirmed. Can be an allergen

ENANTIA CHLORANTHA BARK EXTRACT

A bark extract that might help clam down inflammation and neutralize free radicals , but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

BRASSICA OLERACEA CAPITATA LEAF EXTRACT

Plant extract that might help calm down inflammation and have some anti-oxidant properties

SEA WHIP EXTRACT

Might help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin

LACTOCOCCUS FERMENT LYSATE

Consists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin

GLUCONIC ACID

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals

ASPALATHUS LINEARIS LEAF EXTRACT

Plant extract that might have help to neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness is skin is lacking

BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER UNSAPONIFIABLES

A great moisturizing ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

TREMELLA FUCIFORMIS SPOROCARP EXTRACT

Mushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

CERATONIA SILIQUA FRUIT EXTRACT

Plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

RICE FERMENT FILTRATE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties

ASTAXANTHIN

Helps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help to calm down inflammation

GALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATE

A yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked pores

ZANTHOXYLUM PIPERITUM FRUIT EXTRACT

Plant extract that has some anti-oxidant properties. It can be irritating. Can be used to improve the product's smell

MORUS ALBA BARK EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have anti-oxidant properties and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence is lacking

VISCUM ALBUM LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but solid research is lacking

PERILLA OCYMOIDES SEED EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Contains a number of volatile compounds and can be irritating

PERILLA OCYMOIDES SEED OIL

A plant extract that works as an emollient. It might help neutralize free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Contains some volatile compounds and could be irritating

PERILLA OCYMOIDES LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Contains a number of volatile compounds and could be irritating

LACTOBACILLUS/ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA LEAF FERMENT FILTRATE

Fermented bamboo. Is used to create a nice product texture. Might have some antioxidant effect

POLYGONUM BISTORTA ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties and is claimed by its manufacturer to be able to decrease lines and wrinkles but evidence is lacking

CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM FLOWER/LEAF/VINE EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties but evidence is missing

EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

A plant extract that might contain antioxidants

APHANIZOMENON FLOS-AQUAE EXTRACT

An extract from ablue-green algae. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to neutralize free radicals

3-GLYCERYL ASCORBATE

A moisturizing vitamin C derivative. It is considered to be one of the most stable ones. It is effective in neutralizing free radicals and can help to even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration

3-O-ETHYL ASCORBIC ACID

A vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Can help neutralize free radicals and help reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products

ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM EXTRACT

Brown seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect

ASPARAGOPSIS ARMATA EXTRACT

Red seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect

CORALLINA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT

Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might contain antioxidants

ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA EXTRACT

Plant extract that might contain antioxidants, have antibacterial effect and help reduce inflammation, but solid evidence is lacking. Can be irritating

HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS EXTRACT

Green algae extract that might contain antioxidant astaxanthin

HESPERIDIN METHYL CHALCONE

Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to be able to improve the appearance of undereye darkness but evidence is missing. Can be an allergen and cause irritation

PORTULACA OLERACEA EXTRACT

A plant extract that has some anti-oxidant activity, but solid research is lacking. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PORTULACA PILOSA EXTRACT

SAMBUCUS NIGRA FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

TAMARINDUS INDICA EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in skin but solid evidence is lacking

UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACT

A seaweed extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have an anti-oxidant effect

HYDROLYZED PRUNUS DOMESTICA

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

PRUNUS MUME FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have an anti-oxidant effect and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence of effectiveness is lacking

PALMARIA PALMATA EXTRACT

Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PROPOLIS EXTRACT

A complex substance produced by honey bees. Can have anti-bacterial and some anti-oxidant effect. Is an allergen and can be irritating

RUBUS IDAEUS SEED OIL

A plant oil that might be able to help neutralize free radicals in skin

MADECASSOSIDE

An antioxidant that is typically derived from plant Centella Asiatica. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and support skin barrier function. It could, however, itself be irritating. It is often unstable in formulations

BAKUCHIOL

A plant extract that is, though different in chemical structure, acts similar to retinoids. First studies show that it can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone, reduce clogged pores and blemishes, and reduce inflammation. There is no conclusive evidence that bakuchiol is as effective as retinol however. The study that directly compared retinol with bakuchiol used bakuchiol applied twice daily compared to once per day for the retinol. According to this study, bakuchiol is less irritating than retinol. Bakuchiol is extracted from seeds of Babchi plant. Other parts of the plant contain coumarins that could cause allergic and irritant reactions. These compounds should be removed in the extraction process when bakuchiol is produced, but it is a good idea to be cautious and stay away from products that include the Babchi plant extracts other than purified bakuchiol to avoid irritation

YEAST EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin

HEXYLRESORCINOL

Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals in skin

AZELAIC ACID

Is produced by a yeast that lives on normal human skin. It is used in medicine as a topical treatment for mild to moderate acne. It has a mild exfoliating effect. It can also help reduce hyperpigmentation, helps calm down inflammation and can help neutralize free radicals

CANNABIDIOL - DERIVED FROM EXTRACT OR TINCTURE OR RESIN OF CANNABIS

CBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier function

CANNABIDIOL - SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCED

CBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier function

KOJIC ACID

Helps to reduce hyperpigmentation and neutralize free radicals. Can be irritating

RETINYL LINOLEATE

An ester of a retinoid and linoleic acid. Three steps removed from the bioactive form of retinoid, retinoic acid. Once converted to retinoic acid in skin, it can help reduce wrinkles, stimulate collagen production, even out skin tone and reduce blemishes. The concentrations used in cosmetic products are often not high enough to have a positive effect in skin.

ARGININE PCA

An amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals in skin

CASSIA ALATA LEAF EXTRACT

Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritating

ECHINACEA PURPUREA EXTRACT

Plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritating

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM EXTRACT

Plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritating

AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM SEED EXTRACT

Plant extract. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritating

ARCTIUM LAPPA ROOT EXTRACT

Plant extract. Has some anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritating

HYDROLYZED OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant extract. Can help attract water the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties

BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII OIL

SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS FRUIT EXTRACT

A berry extract that might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skin

ANGELICA KEISKEI LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

A fragrant plant extract. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritating

NARCISSUS TAZETTA BULB EXTRACT

Might contain compounds called dormins that in theory could help lighten skin and reduce hyperpigmentation, but solid research is lacking

PYRUS MALUS FRUIT EXTRACT

Can have some moisturizing properties due to its sugar content

THIOCTIC ACID

GLYCYRRHIZA INFLATA ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals

APIUM GRAVEOLENS SEED EXTRACT

NARINGENIN

A flavanoid that can be found in high concentrations in grapefruits, oranges, other citrus fruits, and tomato skin. Early studies suggest that it might be able to help reduce inflammation in skin and neutralize free radicals

ASIATICOSIDE

An active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid), asiaticoside has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritating

ADENOSINE

Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin

SPIRAEA ULMARIA FLOWER EXTRACT

Might have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Can be irritating

CAMELLIA SEED OIL

Oil from tea seeds. Can help neutralize free radicals in skin

SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant properties

HYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINOYL DIPALMITOYL GLYCERATE

Idebenone complex. Helps neutralize free radicals in skin

OENOTHERA BIENNIS OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function

TOCOPHERYL LINOLEATE

A relative of vitamin E (Tocopherol). It can have an anti-oxidant effect in skin and/or to stabilize the product fromulation. It could be irritating but most of the reported allergy and irritation cases appeared in one geographic location (Switzerland) in 1992, and might be due to the quality issues in manufacturing of a particular batch of the ingredient

PIMPINELLA ANISUM FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be used as a fragrance and to help preserve product formulations. Can be irritating

PHLORETIN

An antioxidant. Can help neutralize free radicals in skin

CAMELLIA SINENSIS EXTRACT

Tea extract. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin

JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS FRUIT EXTRACT

Berry extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect

BACKHOUSIA CITRIODORA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract used mostly as a fragrance. Can have some anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties

CAMELLIA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation, even though it is not usually used in sufficient concentration in cosmetics

CEREUS GRANDIFLORUS FLOWER EXTRACT

A cactus extract that can help neutralize free radicals because it contains a chemical compound called betacyanins and flavonolglycosides. Can help make the surface of the skin dryer helping make pores look smaller for a very short period of time. The concentrations usually used in cosmetics are too small to have any effect

FICUS CARICA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals. The concentrations typically used in cosmetics are too small to have an effect

HOVENIA DULCIS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract

MALPIGHIA PUNICIFOLIA FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might help neutralize free radicals. The concentrations typically used in cosmetics are too small to have an effect

CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF WATER

Green tea leaf water. Might have some minimal anti-oxidant effect

LUFFA CYLINDRICA FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might be somewhat helpful in neutrlizing free radicals

HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals. It can be irritating

CALENDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWER OIL

A plant oil that might have an antibacterial and some antioxidant effect. Is a common allergen and irritant

EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATYL GLUCOSIDE

A synthetic version of green tea polyphenol that helps neutralize free radicals in skin

MELIA AZADIRACHTA FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant extract that might be helpful to neutralize free radicals in skin

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES FRUIT OIL

A plant oil that might somewhat help to neutralize free radicals. It could be irritating

COENOCHLORIS SIGNIENSIS EXTRACT

An algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and neutralize free radicals

MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACT

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect

ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LEAF EXTRACT

Plant extract that might be somewhat helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin

CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA EXTRACT

An algae extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicals in skin

RUTIN

An antioxidant that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

PHASEOLUS LUNATUS SEED EXTRACT

Bean seed extract. It might have some anti-oxidant properties

OCIMUM SANCTUM LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that is rich in a fragrance compound eugenol that is a frequent allergen and can be irritating. It might also contain anti-oxidants to help neutralize free radicals

ALOE BARBADENSIS FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect

SOLANUM MELONGENA FRUIT EXTRACT

Eggplant fruit extract. Might have some anti-oxidant effect

COCCINIA INDICA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect helping neutralize free radicals in skin

ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BARK EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing

ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BARK/SEED EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing

ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BRANCH/LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing

ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN SEED EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing

ARTEMISIA VULGARIS EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. It can be irritating

DIMETHYLMETHOXY CHROMANOL

Can help neutralize free radicals in skin

COLLOIDAL GOLD/CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF POWDER

Might provide some anti-oxidant benefits and help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

TOCOPHERYL GLUCOSIDE

Antioxidant that helps stabilize product formulations and, if used in higher concentration, might help neutralize free radicals in skin

MEDICAGO SATIVA SEED POWDER

Might help soften the upper layer of the skin and help thicken the product formulation. It might have some anti-oxidant effect

PANCRATIUM MARITIMUM EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. It might help reduce hyperpigmentation

ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS BARK EXTRACT

A tree bark extract that has antibacterial properties and might have an anti-oxidant effect. Its effectiveness in skin has not been studied

VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its efficacy in skin is lacking

EMBLICA OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might be helping in neutralizing free radicals in skin. It could help reduce hyperpigmentation. There is some research to confirm its effectiveness in skin

RUBUS IDAEUS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, bu research on its effectiveness is lacking

RUBUS FRUTICOSUS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

MALPIGHIA GLABRA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lacking

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lacking

FRAGARIA VESCA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lacking

MYRCIARIA DUBIA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lacking

OPHIOPOGON JAPONICUS ROOT EXTRACT

Plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and support skin barrier function, but research on its effectiveness in skin is lacking

CALENDULA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

PEARL POWDER

Consists of 95% calcium carbonate that does not have any effect on the skin. The remaining 5% can include compounds that can help neutralize free radicals and support skin barrier function

PAEONIA LACTIFLORA ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the research on its effectiveness in skin is lacking

SACCHAROMYCES/BARLEY SEED FERMENT FILTRATE

A yeast extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and can help attract water to its upper layers

HORDEUM VULGARE SEED EXTRACT

A grain extract. It might contain compounds that help neutralize free radicals in skin

CAMELLIA JAPONICA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

OPUNTIA COCCINELLIFERA FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE

An antioxidant enzyme that is naturally present in skin. It can help support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin. It is used in topical medications for inflammatory skin conditions including atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis. There are three types of natural Superoxide Dismutase in human skin. The compound used in topical treatments and cosmetics are mimics of typically one of these natural variants

CAMELLIA SINENSIS CATECHINS

A group of chemical compounds extracted from Green Tea. They can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Might be able to help repair sun damage and clam down inflammation in skin

GLUTATHIONE

A peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin

PLEIOGYNIUM TIMORIENSE FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

PODOCARPUS ELATUS FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is missing

TARTARIC ACID

An AHA (alpha-hydroxy acid). It oxidizes quickly which makes it less effective in skincare formulations. It can support skin's barrier and moisture levels

CUCUMIS MELO CANTALUPENSIS FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is missing

CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OIL

A plant oil that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier. Might have some anti-oxidant effect

PYRIDOXINE

Might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking. It might be irritating

ROSA ROXBURGHII FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness is missing

PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties

CUCUMIS MELO FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

RUBUS IDAEUS LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

RIBES NIGRUM LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

ISOQUERCITRIN

Antioxidant that might help reduce free radicals and reduce melanin production, but more research is needed to understand if it is effective in skin

HYPERICUM PERFORATUM FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

A plant extract (perforate St John's-wort) that might have some anti-oxidant effect. Can be used as a fragrance and be irritating

HYDROXYMETHOXYPHENYL DECANONE

An anti-oxidant. It might be able to neutralize free radicals in skin. The manufacturer claims that it is able to stimulate synthesis of hyaluronic acid in skin, but there is no evidence of effectiveness of this ingredient so far

CYSTEINE

Might help neutralize free radicals in skin and might be helpful against hyperpigmentation

KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII EXTRACT

A red algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties

PSEUDOZYMA EPICOLA/CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OIL/GLUCOSE/MALT EXTRACT/SOYBEAN FLOUR/YEAST EXTRACT FERMENT FILTRATE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicals

FUCOXANTHIN

Can have an antioxidant effect in skin

CURCUMA LONGA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect

HUMAN ADIPOSE DERIVED STEM CELL CONDITIONED MEDIA

A stem cell extract. There is no evidence that it is effective when applied topically to the skin

LACTOBACILLUS FERMENT

A fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservative

ASCORBIC ACID POLYPEPTIDE

A type of peptide. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE SEED OIL

A plant oil with a high content of linoleic acid that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and helps strengthen the skin barrier. It is an excellent moisturizer. Might have an anti-oxidant effect

ASPERGILLUS FERMENT

An extract from fungus (mold) that typically appears on rice. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, might help neutralize free radicals and possibly somewhat reduce hyperpigmentation

ESCULIN

A coumarin glucoside often extracted from chestnut. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and in theory could help strengthen capillaries, but there is no research to confirm its effectiveness in skin

SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA ROOT EXTRACT

An aromatic plant root extract with a mint-like smell. Can be irritating. Used as a fragrance. Might have some anti-oxidant effect

ZANTHOXYLUM BUNGEANUM FRUIT EXTRACT

Pepper extract. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin

ANNONA CHERIMOLA FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might have an anti-oxidant effect in skin

N-NICOTINOYL DOPAMINE

A niacinamide derivative. It is less effective than niacinamide against hyperpigmentation, but can have an anti-oxidant effect in skin

POLYGONUM AVICULARE EXTRACT

A plant extract that contains a flavanol Juglanin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce inflammation

IMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT EXTRACT

A plat extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layer

BOERHAVIA DIFFUSA ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help reduce inflammation and neutralize free radicals

CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have antioxidant effect in skin

ASCORBYL TETRAISOPALMITATE

A vitamin C derivative. Studies show that is might be effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, but there are no studies confirming that it is effectively converted into the bioavailable form of Vitamin C in skin. It is not clear how this derivative compares in effectiveness to the topical application of bioavailable form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid)

VITIS VINIFERA OIL

A great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant properties

MALVA SYLVESTRIS LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help in reducing inflammation

CAMELLIA JAPONICA FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

ECLIPTA PROSTRATA EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. It can be irritating

CENTAUREA CYANUS FLOWER EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have antibacterial effect and help neutralize free radicals

ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to reduce inflammation

VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin, support the skin's barrier function and might help neutralize free radicals

Tretinoin

Bioavailable form of Vitamin A that is the most effective known topical ingredients for reducing wrinkles, improving skin firmness, treating acne, as well as hyperpigmentation. It is not available over-the counter in many countries, including US and UK

PENTAPEPTIDE-34 TRIFLUOROACETATE

A type of peptide that works as a great moisturizer. It might also have some anti-aging effect and help neutralize free radicals in skin

GARCINIA MANGOSTANA FRUIT EXTRACT

A fruit extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

PANAX GINSENG EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritating

LAVANDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWER OIL

Am essential oil that is used as a fragrance

MALUS DOMESTICA FRUIT EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

ARGANIA SPINOSA SPROUT CELL EXTRACT

Plant stem cell extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals

UBIDECARENONE

A less bioavailable form of coQ10 (compared to ubiquinone)

LITHOSPERMUM ERYTHRORHIZON ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used for its fragrance

PUNICA GRANATUM SEED EXTRACT

COPTIS JAPONICA ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

COPTIS CHINENSIS ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have antioxidant properties

CROTON LECHLERI RESIN EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

ACETYL ZINGERONE

Helps neutralize free radicals

PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have anti-oxidant properties

ACANTHOPANAX SENTICOSUS ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have antioxidant properties

CARAPA GUAIANENSIS SEED OIL

A plant oil that contains limonoids. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be irritating

ROSMARINYL GLUCOSIDE

Helps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help to reduce inflammation

ARBUTIN

Beta-arbutin. Can help to reduce hyperpigmentation and has an anti-oxidant effect when used in high enough concentration. Is less effective compared to alpha-arbutin

HYDROLYZED VITIS LABRUSCA SKIN EXTRACT

An extract from grape skin. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin

CAMELLIA JAPONICA SEED EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have anti-oxidant properties

FRAGARIA ANANASSA SEED EXTRACT

COMBRETUM MICRANTHUM LEAF EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

SYZYGIUM LUEHMANNII FRUIT EXTRACT

ACETYL TYROSINAMIDE

An amino acid derivative. A manufacturer's study shows that it can help somewhat reduce wrinkles when used in combination with a low concentration of glycolic acid. No independent human in-vivo studies of this compound are available

ARISTOTELIA CHILENSIS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be used as a fragrance

CANARIUM OVATUM EXTRACT

PERILLA FRUTESCENS LEAF EXTRACT

Used as a fragrance for its mint-like smell

SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS EXTRACT

A plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare typically too low. Can be used for its fragrant properties

PYRUS MALUS SEED EXTRACT

Apple seed extract. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin

PAEONIA SUFFRUTICOSA ROOT EXTRACT

ROSE FLOWER OIL

Flower oil that is used as a fragrance

PYRIDOXINE HCL

Might help neutralize free radicals in skin

TARAXACUM OFFICINALE ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be irritating

GARDENIA JASMINOIDES MERISTEM CELL CULTURE

A stem cell extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin

EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE

A polyphenol found in tea. This particular compound abbreviated EGCG is the most powerful antioxidant among those extracted from tea (usually green tea). Unfortunately, EGCG is unstable, requires a low pH (below 4) to prevent quick degradation, and does not penetrate the skin very well. This is why the full anti-oxidant effect of EGCG is typically not realized when it is added to topical skincare

CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACT

A plant extract that contains anti-oxidants. It might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used to help preserve the product formulation

RESVERATROL DIMETHYL ETHER

A more stable derivative of anti-oxidant resveratrol. There is not enough research to confirm its efficacy in skin

SPIRULINA PLATENSIS EXTRACT

An algae extract. Might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have an anti-oxidant effect

CAESALPINIA SPINOSA FRUIT POD EXTRACT

A plant extract with antioxidant effect. Is often added to skincare to boost SPF

SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that might be able to help decrease inflammation in skin and have an anti-oxidant effect