An effective moisturizing ingredient that also has been shown to be effective in evening out the skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help somewhat reduce wrinkles in skin

AHNFELTIA CONCINNA EXTRACT

An algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Also used to create a thicker product texture

AHNFELTIOPSIS CONCINNA EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

ALGAE EXTRACT

Plant extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but research is not extensive yet

ALLANTOIN

Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated

ANHYDROXYLITOL

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrir function

ARGININE

An amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin

AVENA SATIVA KERNEL EXTRACT

An effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties

Forms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergen

BETAINE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture

BIOSACCHARIDE GUM-1

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and is claimed to provide a longer-lasting hydration because of its ability to create a water-binding film on the surface of the skin

BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER EXTRACT

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

CAMELLIA OLEIFERA SEED OIL

An emollient that does not leave a greasy finish

CAPROOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS SEED OIL

An emollient that helps soften the skin and might help calm down inflammation

CHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDES OIL

An emollient. Is unlikely to have additional benefits for the skin

CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE

A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin

CHOLESTEROL

An emollient that is naturally found in skin

CHONDRUS CRISPUS EXTRACT

Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistency

COCOS NUCIFERA OIL

An emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenic

COLLOIDAL OATMEAL

Helps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammation

COPERNICIA CERIFERA WAX

Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency

DEXTRAN

Helps attract water to the most upper layer of the skin. Derived from sugar

DIGLYCERIN

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

DIMETHICONE

A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish

DIMETHICONOL

A silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time

GLUCOSAMINE HCL

Might be able to stimulate production of skin's natural moisturizing compounds such as hyaluronic acid. Could be helpful for evening the skin tone.

GLYCERIN

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

GLYCINE SOJA OIL

A good emollient that helps soften the skin and helps repair its barrier function

GLYCINE SOJA STEROLS

An emollient that helps soften the skin

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OIL

A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES OIL

A good emollient. Contains various ingredients including vitamins and fatty acids that could work in the skin to neutralize free radicals and minimize moisture loss - if enough of these compounds is able to penetrate the skin in an active form.

HYALURONIC ACID

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation

HYDROLYZED HYALURONIC ACID

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. A version of it is naturally present in skin

INOSITOL

ISOCETYL STEARATE

An emollient that helps soften the skin

ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE

An emollient that helps soften the skin. Could be comedogenic

JOJOBA ESTERS

An emollient made of jojoba oil. Helps soften the skin and support its barrier function

CYCLOMETHICONE

A type of silicone that leaves a nice silky finish on the skin and can help soften its upper layer

LACTIC ACID

An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)

LIMNANTHES ALBA SEED OIL

This oil's cmposition is closest to rapeseed oil. It is a very stable oil and serves as an emoillient

LINOLENIC ACID

An emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammation

MYRISTYL MYRISTATE

An emollient. Is not recommended for acne-prone skin as it can be comedogenic

PANTHENOL

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function

PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUM

One of the most effective and well studied occlusive and emollient moisturizing ingredients. Helps reduce moisture loss in skin and repair skin barrier function

PASSIFLORA EDULIS SEED OIL

A good emollient helping to soften the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Adds a fragrance to the product

PEG/PPG-18/18 DIMETHICONE

A silicone that mixes with water creating nice light-weight product texture

PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRACAPRYLATE/TETRACAPRATE

An emollient that helps soften the skin

PERSEA GRATISSIMA OIL

An emollient that helps soften the skin and could be helpful in repairing its barrier function

PETROLATUM

One of the most effective and the most studied occlusive ingredients that creates a protective layer on top of the skin preventing moisture loss

PHYTOSTEROLS

Lipids that work as an emollient and can be helpful in repairing skin barrier function

PHYTOSTERYL/OCTYLDODECYL LAUROYL GLUTAMATE

A mix of amino acids and plant-based lipids. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss over time

PRUNUS ARMENIACA KERNEL OIL

An emollient that helps soften the skin

RIBES NIGRUM SEED OIL

An emollient. Can be helpful for restoring skin barrier function.

ROSA CANINA FRUIT OIL

A great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritating

SACCHARIDE ISOMERATE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE EXTRACT

A moisturizing ingredient that works as a humectant to attract water to the upper layer of the skin.

SACCHAROMYCES LYSATE EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can have some anti-inflammatory effect

RICINUS COMMUNIS SEED OIL

A plant oil that can help soften the skin. It might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but solid research is lacking. Is often used in lip products to create the needed product consistency

SHOREA ROBUSTA SEED BUTTER

Helps to softent the upper layer of the skin

SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED OIL

Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.

SODIUM HYALURONATE

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

SODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMER

Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

SODIUM LACTATE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product

SODIUM PCA

Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer

SQUALANE

An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.

SUCROSE

Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In crystal form, it can work as a gentle exfoliant, gentler than the salt scrub. Helps stabilize the emulsion

THERMUS THERMOPHILLUS FERMENT

Might be helpful in neutralising free radicals in skin and have some hydration properties

TREHALOSE

A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin

TRITICUM VULGARE GERM OIL

A good emoillient. Contains vitamin E which can help neutralise free radicals, however the oil is unstable. Avoid if you have gluten or wheat sensitivity (including food allergies).

VITIS VINIFERA SEED OIL

A great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant properties

XYLITYLGLUCOSIDE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrier function

YEAST EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin

DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATE

A salt derived from licorice. Works as an emollient to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help calm down inflammation. Might be helpful for skin lightening

PEG-10 DIMETHICONE

A silicone that works to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce its water loss

LAMINARIA SACCHARINA EXTRACT

A seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrations

PHENYL TRIMETHICONE

A type of silicone that can decrease loss of moisture from the skin surface. It helps create a nice product texture

LANOLIN

Sebum of wool-bearing animals (most commonly sheep). Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce the skin water loss. In rare cases could be an allergen. Not suitable for vegans

SNAIL SECRETION FILTRATE

Typically contains hyaluronic acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might contain allantoin that is helpful in calming down inflammation. There is no evidence that it can have any further benefits for the skin, especially when used in skincare products

BIFIDA FERMENT LYSATE

Consists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effect

PANTETHINE

Helps to hydrate the skin by improving its barrier funciton

CERA ALBA

COLLAGEN AMINO ACIDS

Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and support the skin barrier function

PARACHLORELLA BEIJERINCKII EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES

Compounds extracted from green algae that could help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skincare products (topical applicaiton) is missing. Helps moisturize the skin by attracting water to its upper layer

CYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS EXTRACT

Helps skin moisturization by attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties but research confirming effectiveness in skin is lacking

HYDROLYZED YEAST EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties

GLYCINE

Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier function

SODIUM ACETYLATED HYALURONATE

A type of hyaluronic acid that works as an excellent moisturizer by attracting water into the upper layer of the skin. Is typically feels less sticky on the skin compared to the usual hyaluronic acid

HYDROXYPROLINE

Is helpful in restoring skin barrier function supporting its moisture levels. Is claimed to stimulte collagen production in skin but evidence is lacking

PHYTOSTERYL MACADAMIATE

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

SACCHAROMYCES/COPPER FERMENT

Yeast extract that contains copper. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help in skin wound healing

SACCHAROMYCES/MAGNESIUM FERMENT

Yeast extract that contains magnesium. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing

SACCHAROMYCES/IRON FERMENT

Yeast extract that contains iron. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing

SACCHAROMYCES/SILICON FERMENT

Yeast extract that contains silicon. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing

SACCHAROMYCES/ZINC FERMENT

Yeast extract that contains zinc. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing

THEOBROMA CACAO SEED BUTTER

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effect

EUPHORBIA CERIFERA CERA

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and thickens the product's texture

CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OIL

A plant oil that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier. Might have some anti-oxidant effect

HYDROGENATED SUNFLOWER SEED OIL

CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACT

A plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though.

SOY AMINO ACIDS

Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

CHONDRUS CRISPUS

Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistency

GLYCERYL GLUCOSIDE

Can help to restore skin barrier function and soften its upper layer

SACCHARIDE HYDROLYSATE

ALTEROMONAS FERMENT EXTRACT

A marine extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory properties but research is lacking

HYDROXYPROPYL TETRAHYDROPYRANTRIOL

A sugar-derived compound that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to stimulate synthesis of skin's own moisturizing factors, but solid research is lacking. It could be irritating

PCA

Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer

ALANINE

An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lacking

SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE

Is naturally present in skin. Helps to attract water to its upper layer

ATELOCOLLAGEN

A protein that helps to attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles

MANNITOL

Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin

MANGANESE GLUCONATE

Might be able to help restore skin barrier function supporting its hydration

ZINC GLUCONATE

Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin

SERINE

An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles

THREONINE

An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles

LYSINE

An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles

HISTIDINE HCL

A salt of an amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function

HISTIDINE

LYSINE HCL

CITRULLINE

An amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

GLUTAMIC ACID

An amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

GLYCOGEN

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

GALACTOARABINAN

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

MICROCOCCUS LYSATE

Consists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"

FAEX

Yeast extract. Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin

CARYOCAR BRASILIENSE FRUIT OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Can contain an essential oil that can be irritating

ASTROCARYUM MURUMURU SEED BUTTER

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could be comedogenic due to the myrisic acid content

METHICONE

A type of silicone that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduces the water loss from the skin surface

BETA-GLUCAN

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles

BORAGO OFFICINALIS SEED OIL

A plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydration

GLUCONOLACTONE

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals

LACTOBIONIC ACID

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity

ORBIGNYA OLEIFERA SEED OIL

A plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in calming down inflammation in skin

SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM EXTRACT

Sugar extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

ARTEMIA EXTRACT

Zooplankton extract that can attract water to the upper level of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effect

BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss from its surface

COPPER GLUCONATE

Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing

PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-19

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

GLYCERYL ACRYLATE/ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMER

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and provide a longer-lasting hydration. Can create a thicker product consistency

GELIDIELLA ACEROSA EXTRACT

An algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant properties

ORYZA SATIVA BRAN OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties

CERA MICROCRISTALLINA

Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss from its surface and create a thicker product consistency

MALTOBIONIC ACID

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is genter than AHAs. In addition, it helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals

HYDROXYETHYL UREA

A derivative of urea, a compound that is naturally present in skin. Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients

PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS SEED OIL

A plant oil that works as a good moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin and reducing blemishes due to the large content of linoleic acid

ROSA CANINA SEED OIL

A plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might have anti-oxidant properties. Might help reduce inflammation in skin and help against blemishes

ZINC PCA

A compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missing

CUCUMIS SATIVUS OIL

A plant oil that works as a great moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Due to the high linoleic acid content, can help reduce inflammation in skin

SQUALENE

An oil that is naturally part of skin sebum that helps to soften its upper layer, reduce water loss and neutralize free radicals. It might be comedogenic. Avoid applying large concentrations (or pure oil) before sun exposure as oxidized squalene can clog pores and lead to skin irritation. Today squalene is mostly derived from vegetable oils or synthetized by yeast

SOLUBLE COLLAGEN

A typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin

HYDROLYZED COLLAGEN

JOJOBA ALCOHOL

PALMITOYL PROLINE

An amino-acid that helps attract watet to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-aging properties

ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-7

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ACETYL OCTAPEPTIDE-3

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-4

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

MAGNESIUM PALMITOYL GLUTAMATE

An amino acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful against lines and wrinkles, but evidence of effectiveness is lacking

ETHYLHEXYL HYDROXYSTEARATE

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss from it

RICE AMINO ACIDS

Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

ETHYL LINOLEATE

Helps reduce acne and blemishes. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce inflammation. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lacking

SESAMUM INDICUM SEED OIL

A good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function

ALANYL GLUTAMINE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

BETA-SITOSTEROL

A phytosterol that can support skin's barrier function and help the skin stay hydrated

CARNOSINE

A type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damage

ERYTHRITOL

Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PANTHENYL ETHYL ETHER

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function

ZEA MAYS OIL

A good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED WAX

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function while creating a thicker product consistency

POLYGLYCERIN-3

Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM SEED OIL

A good emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and, due to the high linoleic acid content, can support the skin's barrier function

VACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED OIL

A plant oil that can help neutralize free radicals, soften the upper layer of the skin, and support skin's barrier function

HYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINONE

An analogue of coenzyme Q10 that has a lower molecular weight, which can improve its ability to penetrate the skin. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen

SCENEDESMUS RUBESCENS EXTRACT

A micro-algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support its barrier function, amd might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

SEA WHIP EXTRACT

Might help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin

GLUCONIC ACID

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals

LACTOCOCCUS FERMENT LYSATE

Consists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin

LACTOBACILLUS/ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA LEAF FERMENT FILTRATE

Fermented bamboo. Is used to create a nice product texture. Might have some antioxidant effect

OLIGOPEPTIDE-10

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

SALVIA HISPANICA SEED EXTRACT

A plant extract that typically contains linolenic and linoleic acids that help soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function

ACETYL HYDROXYPROLINE

An amino-acid that can support ceramides production in skin and reduce water-loss

BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER UNSAPONIFIABLES

A great moisturizing ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

SESAMUM INDICUM SEED EXTRACT

Plant oil that due to its high content of linoleic acid can help support skin's barrier function improving its hydration

GRIFOLA FRONDOSA FRUITING BODY EXTRACT

Mushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to stimulate sebum production in skin

SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED EXTRACT

Plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin

RICE FERMENT FILTRATE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties

ROSA RUBIGINOSA SEED OIL

Plant oil that due to the high content of linoleic acid can support skin's barrier function and reduce moisture loss

TREMELLA FUCIFORMIS SPOROCARP EXTRACT

Mushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

CALCIUM PCA

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

GALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATE

A yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked pores

LACTOBACILLUS/RICE FERMENT FILTRATE

A fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus out of rice. The fermented product helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking

SACCHAROMYCES/IMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT FERMENT EXTRACT

Yeast extract obtained from a plant root (cogon grass). It works as an excellent humectant attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Can have some anti-inflammatory effect

ECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM SEED OIL

A plant oil that because of its high content of alpha-linolenic acid help support skin barrier function and moisturize the skin

PANTOLACTONE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

FRUCTOSE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

APHANIZOMENON FLOS-AQUAE EXTRACT

An extract from ablue-green algae. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to neutralize free radicals

10-HYDROXYDECANOIC ACID

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and slow down the water loss from its surface

2-OLEAMIDO-1,3-OCTADECANEDIOL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and slow down the water loss over time

3-GLYCERYL ASCORBATE

A moisturizing vitamin C derivative. It is considered to be one of the most stable ones. It is effective in neutralizing free radicals and can help to even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration

UREA

Naturally present in skin (urea makes up about 7% of natural moisturizing factors in skin). Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Also has a positive effect on the skin barrier beyond the humectant action. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients. Is an exfoliating ingredient when used in high concentrations

ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-15

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ARGININE HCL

An amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin

ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM EXTRACT

Brown seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect

ASPARAGOPSIS ARMATA EXTRACT

Red seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect

ASPARTIC ACID

An amino-acid that helps increase skin hydration and might help to slightly improve skin firmness, potentially reducing lines and wrinkles

NIACIN

A form of vitamin B3. It is similar in action to niacinamide, but is more likely to cause red flashes in skin as the side effect

CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE

Helps support skin barrier function improving skin hydration and reducing sensitivity

COCOS NUCIFERA FRUIT EXTRACT

An emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenic

CORALLINA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT

Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might contain antioxidants

HALIDRYS SILIQUOSA EXTRACT

Extract from large brown algae that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

HYDROLYZED JOJOBA ESTERS

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

HYDROGENATED JOJOBA OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

HYDROLYZED SODIUM HYALURONATE

Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

HYDROXYPALMITOYL SPHINGANINE

A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin

LANOLIN OIL

Sebum of wool-bearing animals (most commonly sheep). Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce the skin water loss. In rare cases could be an allergen. Not suitable for vegans

UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACT

A seaweed extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have an anti-oxidant effect

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OIL UNSAPONIFIABLES

A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function

CETYLHYDROXYPROLINE PALMITAMIDE

SACCHAROMYCES FERMENT FILTRATE

A product of yeast fermentation. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SACCHAROMYCES FERMENT

A product of yeast fermentation. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SHOREA STENOPTERA SEED BUTTER

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function

LAURYL PCA

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PALMARIA PALMATA EXTRACT

Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS BUTTER

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

STEARYL DIMETHICONE

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

SYNTHETIC BEESWAX

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

MADECASSOSIDE

An antioxidant that is typically derived from plant Centella Asiatica. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and support skin barrier function. It could, however, itself be irritating. It is often unstable in formulations

ECTOIN

Softens the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function

LACTOBACILLUS FERMENT

A fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservative

GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS

Long sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

HYDROLYZED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS

Long sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PANTOTHENIC ACID

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and may help reduce inflammation in skin

TRIPEPTIDE-10

ELAEIS GUINEENSIS BUTTER

A type of palm oil. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

ISOMALT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

ADANSONIA DIGITATA OIL

Baobab oil. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

SALVIA HISPANICA SEED OIL

Chia seed oil. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in repairing skin barrier

SALVIA HISPANICA SEED

PIPTADENIA COLUBRINA PEEL EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Preliminary research has shown that the extract contains chemicals that might be able to support skin hydration in other ways, but the evidence is lacking

ARGININE PCA

An amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals in skin

TRIETHYLHEXANOIN

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII OIL

POLYGLUTAMIC ACID

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin.

PISTACIA VERA SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

CANNABIS SATIVA SEED EXTRACT

CANNABIS SATIVA SEED OIL

A plant oil that due to its high linoleic acid content can help strengthen skin's barrier function and soften its upper layer

DILINOLEIC ACID

HYDROXYPROPYL BISPALMITAMIDE MEA

GUAIAZULENE

A blue-colored ingredient that is traditionally used as a colorant. It has anti-inflammatory properties. For example, it is successfully used to treat diaper rash for new borns. It can help support the skin barrier by reducing inflammation

OLIGOPEPTIDE-68

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

VINYL DIMETHICONE

A type of silicone that helps to create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin

TRIHEPTANOIN

A synthetic triglyceride. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

PANTHENYL TRIACETATE

A stable oil-soluble derivative of vitamin B5. It can help support skin barrier and reduce inflammation in skin

ALEURITES MOLUCCANUS SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

ACETYL FARNESYLCYSTEINE

A synthetic amino-acid that might help calm down inflammation in skin and reduce its irritation, but conclusive studies are not available at the moment. It can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin barrier

LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID

A phospholipid. It is naturally present in skin and plays a signaling role there. It is involved in cell prolifiratio, skin inflammatory responses and wound healing. In cosmetics, it might help to support the skin barrier function

ISOLEUCINE

An amino acid that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function

CETYL DIMETHICONE

A type of silicone. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice, light product texture

OENOTHERA BIENNIS OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function

POLYMETHYLSILSESQUIOXANE

A silicone that improves product texture and helps dissolve other ingredients. Can form a non-greasy film on the skin to prevent moisture loss

UBIQUINONE

Coenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen

HYDROLYZED LINSEED EXTRACT

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

ASIATICOSIDE

An active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid), asiaticoside has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritating

MADECASSIC ACID

An active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (asiaticoside, madecasosside and asiatic acid), madecassic acid has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritating

GLYCOSYL TREHALOSE

GLYCOPROTEINS

TYROSINE

FAEX EXTRACT

Yeast extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

AVENA SATIVA KERNEL OIL

An effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties

PERSEA GRATISSIMA OIL UNSAPONIFIABLES

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

MAURITIA FLEXUOSA FRUIT OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

CANNABIDIOL - SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCED

CBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier function

CANNABIDIOL - DERIVED FROM EXTRACT OR TINCTURE OR RESIN OF CANNABIS

CBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier function

OLEOYL DIPEPTIDE-15

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CENTELLA ASIATICA LEAF CELL EXTRACT

A plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. It can be irritating to sensitive skin. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It could, however, itself be irritating.

CENTELLA ASIATICA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

ASIATIC ACID

An active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (asiaticoside, madecasosside and madecassic acid) asiatic acid has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritating

THEOBROMA GRANDIFLORUM SEED BUTTER

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and might as well help to attract moisture to its upper layer

CHENOPODIUM QUINOA SEED OIL

A plant oil that contains a high percentage of linoleic acid. It softens the upper layer of the skin and can help strengthen the skin barrier

ALPHA-GLUCAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

COPPER PCA

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

ACER SACCHARUM SAP EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SISYMBRIUM IRIO SEED OIL

A plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could help reduce inflammation due to high content of linolenic acid

INULIN

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is claimed to support the growth of "good" bacteria in skin (as a "prebiotic"), but the research is lacking

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE

An antioxidant enzyme that is naturally present in skin. It can help support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin. It is used in topical medications for inflammatory skin conditions including atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis. There are three types of natural Superoxide Dismutase in human skin. The compound used in topical treatments and cosmetics are mimics of typically one of these natural variants

PRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS SEED

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

CERAMIDE 5

SPHINGOLIPIDS

Sphingolipids are a group of lipids with a common chemical structure. Some of them are naturally present in skin and can be converted to ceramides

GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS

A type of lipids naturally present in skin. They can be converted to ceramides in skin

GLUTATHIONE

A peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin

GLUCOSE OXIDASE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

LACTOPEROXIDASE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In theory, could support healthy skin's microbiome, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

SH-POLYPEPTIDE-16

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CYANOCOBALAMIN

Can support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin

TETRADECYL AMINOBUTYROYLVALYLAMINOBUTYRIC UREA TRIFLUOROACETATE

A peptide. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support skin's barrier function and might have some slight anti-aging effect through stimulating skin's own production of hyaluronic acid

MELIA AZADIRACHTA SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function due to the high linoleic acid content

HYDROLYZED JOJOBA PROTEIN

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

AMINOBUTYRIC ACID

Has been shown to support wound healing and skin barrier function when used topically in rats. Is likely to be effective in supporting skin's hydration and barrier function, but research for human skin is missing. Might have some anti-aging properties but the research is missing

TETRAPEPTIDE-36

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

TETRAPEPTIDE-5

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

TETRAPEPTIDE-40

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SPROUT EXTRACT

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can help support the skin barrier

PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-28

HEXAPEPTIDE-42

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HEXAPEPTIDE-33

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII EXTRACT

A red algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties

TRIPEPTIDE-13

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

AZELAOYL BIS-DIPEPTIDE-10

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CYSTEINE

Might help neutralize free radicals in skin and might be helpful against hyperpigmentation

PSEUDOZYMA EPICOLA/CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OIL/GLUCOSE/MALT EXTRACT/SOYBEAN FLOUR/YEAST EXTRACT FERMENT FILTRATE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicals

ISOSORBIDE DICAPRYLATE

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Early studies suggest that it can help strengthen the skin barrier

ACETYL SH-HEPTAPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

BIOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

MYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-17

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

N-PROLYL PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-56 ACETATE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA HEXAPEPTIDE-40 SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CRITHMUM MARITIMUM CALLUS CULTURE FILTRATE

A plant cell extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties

COPPER HEPTAPEPTIDE-14 PANTOTHENATE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CYCLOTETRAPEPTIDE-24 AMINOCYCLOHEXANE CARBOXYLATE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

DECAPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

DECAPEPTIDE-22

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

FERULOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HEXAPEPTIDE-2

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE SEED OIL

A plant oil with a high content of linoleic acid that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and helps strengthen the skin barrier. It is an excellent moisturizer. Might have an anti-oxidant effect

C13-16 ISOPARAFFIN

Is mostly used to dissolve other ingredients. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might be comedogenic when used in high concentrations

FRAGARIA ANANASSA SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA HEXAPEPTIDE-40 SH-POLYPEPTIDE-76

A fusion peptide that combines peptides produced by human and plant cells. It might have anti-aging effect in skin and can help the skin moisturization

POLYGLYCERYL-2 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATE

Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin

HYDROLYZED ALGAE EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SH-POLYPEPTIDE-17

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA SH-POLYPEPTIDE-15 HEXAPEPTIDE-40

OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA SEED OIL

A plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin's barrier function due to its high content of linoleic acid. It also has anti-microbial properties

FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES

Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

IMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT EXTRACT

A plat extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layer

LACTOBACILLUS

A non-living ingredient made by fermentation with the bacteria Lactobacillus. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help reduce inflammation

SARCOSINE

Helps to enhance the penetration of other ingredients and attract water to the upper layer of the skin

VITIS VINIFERA OIL

A great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant properties

ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS ROOT EXTRACT

A plant extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to reduce inflammation

NIGELLA SATIVA SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and support the skin's barrier due to the high content of linoleic acid

VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin, support the skin's barrier function and might help neutralize free radicals

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS HYBRID OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED CERA

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

ALCALIGENES POLYSACCHARIDES

Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-9

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

NICOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS EXTRACT

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

PRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS SEED EXTRACT

Almond extract (oil) - helps soften the upper layer of the skin

LACTOBACILLUS FERMENT FILTRATE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might support the healthy skin microbiome

LAMINARIA OCHROLEUCA EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PERSEA GRATISSIMA FRUIT EXTRACT

CUCURBITA PEPO SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

MALUS DOMESTICA FRUIT EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

ARGANIA SPINOSA SPROUT CELL EXTRACT

Plant stem cell extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals

PUNICA GRANATUM SEED EXTRACT

LAMINARIA JAPONICA EXTRACT

Seaweed extract that might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant properties

MAGNESIUM CARBOXYMETHYL BETA-GLUCAN

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

EMU OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

SALICYLOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have anti-aging benefits but solid study data is lacking

JUGLANS REGIA SEED OIL

Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin

PENTAPEPTIDE-59

GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACT

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might help reduce inflammation and support the barrier function. This compound is naturally present in animal and plant tissue

TERMINALIA FERDINANDIANA SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

BARLEY SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1

CAMELINA SATIVA SEED OIL

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

MAGNESIUM PCA

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

MANGANESE PCA

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Often used as a part of an ingredient complex Physiogenyl together with Sodium PCA, Magnesium PCA and Zinc PCA. The manufacturer claims that it does more than attracting water, but there is no evidence or studies supporting this claim

SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE EXTRACT

A yeast extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

PADINA PAVONICA EXTRACT

An algae extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

SECALE CEREALE SEED EXTRACT

Rye seed extract. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

ACETYL TYROSINAMIDE

An amino acid derivative. A manufacturer's study shows that it can help somewhat reduce wrinkles when used in combination with a low concentration of glycolic acid. No independent human in-vivo studies of this compound are available

DIPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have anti-aging benefits

PENTAPEPTIDE-48

A type of peptide. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have anti-aging benefits

7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL

Pro-vitamin D. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory effect in skin, but there is no research available confirming that this compound converts to vitamin D in skin or has any other benefits apart from softening the upper layer of the skin. This compound is different from the Vitamin D3 analogues used in medicine to treat psoriasis

ORNITHINE

An amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

ARGANIA SPINOSA KERNEL OIL

An emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Might have some weak anti-oxidant properties

SACCHAROMYCES FERMENT LYSATE FILTRATE

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

MANGIFERA INDICA SEED BUTTER

Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effect

OCTYLDODECYL NEOPENTANOATE

An emollient that helps soften the skin. Often used to stabilize other ingredients, for example, sunscreen

SACCHAROMYCES/XYLINUM/BLACK TEA FERMENT

A fermented sweet black tea. There is no studies on particular benefits of this ingredient in skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, and might have some anti-oxidant effect. It is used in skincare for mostly marketing purposes because of the popularity of kombucha drinks

BACILLUS FERMENT

A product of bacterial fermentation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

NIACINAMIDE

Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture

OLIGOPEPTIDE-33

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

NONAPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

PALMITOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-4

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE NS DILAURATE

PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-7

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CAPROOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINE

A component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin

PALMITOYL SH-TRIPEPTIDE-4 AMIDE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

TETRAPEPTIDE-7

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

LAUROYL SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

MYRISTOYL NONAPEPTIDE-3

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-37

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE NG

ACETYL DIPEPTIDE-1 CETYL ESTER

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

MYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-8

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

TRIPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE AS

CERAMIDE 1 A

GLUCOSYL CERAMIDE

CERAMIDE EOS

DIPEPTIDE-8

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE AG

ACETYL DECAPEPTIDE-3

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE 2

SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-2

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-11

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-5

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

SH-POLYPEPTIDE-22

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE 1

OLIGOPEPTIDE-31

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HEXAPEPTIDE-11

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

DIPEPTIDE DIAMINOBUTYROYL BENZYLAMIDE DIACETATE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HEXAPEPTIDE-3

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

SH-POLYPEPTIDE-3

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-9

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-4

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE 6 II

ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-5

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

FERRIC HEXAPEPTIDE-35

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE AP

TRIPEPTIDE-10 CITRULLINE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-30

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

PALMITOYL DIPEPTIDE-5 DIAMINOBUTYROYL HYDROXYTHREONINE

SH-OCTAPEPTIDE-4

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE 4

MYRISTOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-16

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-56

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OCTAPEPTIDE-2

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE EOP

SH-POLYPEPTIDE-9

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-32

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-41

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HEXAPEPTIDE-9

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ACETYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-9

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-12

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

COPPER PALMITOYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-14

A synthetic peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles. Can help speed up wound healing

TRIFLUOROACETYL TRIPEPTIDE-2

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLEOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-31

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HEXAPEPTIDE-48 HCL

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-3

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-24

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-35

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDE-5

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

TETRAPEPTIDE-14

ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-8

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

TRIPEPTIDE-32

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE NS

OLIGOPEPTIDE-34

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

PENTAPEPTIDE-18

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

DIPEPTIDE-2

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

SH-POLYPEPTIDE-2

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ACETYL CYCLOHEXAPEPTIDE-34

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

TETRAPEPTIDE-30

PHYTOSPHINGOSINE

A type of lipid that is naturally present in skin. It might help in repairing skin barrier function and has anti-bacterial effect

NIACINAMIDE/YEAST POLYPEPTIDE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ARGININE/LYSINE POLYPEPTIDE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

HEXANOYL DIPEPTIDE-3 NORLEUCINE ACETATE

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

CERAMIDE 3

PENTAPEPTIDE-4

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

TETRAPEPTIDE-38

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-1

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

OLIGOPEPTIDES

COPPER TRIPEPTIDE-1

A naturally occurring peptide. One of the most studied peptides in dermatology. It is sometimes abbreviated GHK-Cu. Belongs to the class of carrier peptides. It stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen in skin. It is released in skin wounds and inflammation to support healing. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin and can stimulate hair growth. There are preliminary studies that confirm that copper tripeptide can help support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles and decrease inflammation in skin.