What's In My Jar

Hydrolyzed yeast extract

In 9 skincare routines

Summary

Works for

  • Moisturizing
  • Evens skin tone
  • Anti-oxidation

Irritancy risk

1
Low

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties

Products with Hydrolyzed yeast extract

BLACK PAINT - Otto 9 Face SoapBLACK PAINTOtto 9 Face Soap
ureaglycerinSunflower seed oil +11 actives
Moisturizing
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Murad UK - Retinol Youth Renewal Night CreamMurad UKRetinol Youth Renewal Night Cream
acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl esterniacinamideretinol +17 actives
Evens skin tone Anti-aging +4
Fragrance
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Naturium - Retinaldehyde Cream Serum 0.15%NaturiumRetinaldehyde Cream Serum 0.15%
retinalfaex extractglycerin +6 actives
Anti-aging Evens skin tone +2
Price unavailable
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Nacomi - Intense hydrationNacomiIntense hydration
niacinamidepanthenolfructose +17 actives
Moisturizing Anti-aging +2
Fragrance
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melumé skinscience - Super C-Creammelumé skinscienceSuper C-Cream
tetrahexyldecyl ascorbatepanthenolbisabolol +15 actives
Evens skin tone Anti-aging +2
Price unavailable
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Melumé - A-MAZING RETINOL RETINAL EMULSIONMeluméA-MAZING RETINOL RETINAL EMULSION
hydroxypinacolone retinoateretinalbakuchiol +9 actives
Anti-aging Evens skin tone +3
Price unavailable
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Clark's Botanical - Retinol Rescue Overnight CreamClark's BotanicalRetinol Rescue Overnight Cream
retinolniacinamidepalmitoyl tripeptide-5 +11 actives
Anti-aging Moisturizing +4
Fragrance
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Nooance cosmetiques - Sérum multi-actifs 5 acides hyaluroniquesNooance cosmetiquesSérum multi-actifs 5 acides hyaluroniques
heptapeptide-15 palmitateniacinamiden-prolyl palmitoyl tripeptide-56 acetate +21 actives
Moisturizing Anti-aging +3
Price unavailable
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de Mamiel - Multi-Active HydraMistde MamielMulti-Active HydraMist
salicylic acidpanthenolglycerin +11 actives
Moisturizing Anti-oxidation +1
Price unavailable
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Takami - Face Pycnogel + Moisturizer Essence PYTakamiFace Pycnogel + Moisturizer Essence PY
palmitoyl tripeptide-5glycerinhydrolyzed collagen +4 actives
Moisturizing Anti-aging
Price unavailable
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Scientific sources

Similar ingredients

Anti-oxidation

ALARIA ESCULENTA EXTRACTWorks as a humectant helping to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be effective as an anti-oxidant. ASCORBIC ACIDThe most well-researched antioxidant that works in skin. Helps neutralize free radicals supporting collagen production, helping to even out the skin tone and preventing early signs of agingASCORBYL PALMITATEBeing a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.AVENA SATIVA KERNEL EXTRACTAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant propertiesBETULA ALBA BARK EXTRACTHas astringent properties. Creates a tightening and drying effect on the skin. Can be irritatingBRASSICA OLERACEA ITALICA EXTRACTMight have some anti-inflammatory properties but research is lackingBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTERA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicalsCAFFEINEMight be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyesCAMELLIA OLEIFERA SEED OILAn emollient that does not leave a greasy finish CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACTCan contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulationCARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS SEED OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin and might help calm down inflammationASCORBYL GLUCOSIDEA vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Has a potential to boost collagen production, nutralise free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in productsVIOLA TRICOLOR EXTRACTA plant extract that might have an anti-inflammatory effect in skinCENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though. BISABOLOLAn active component of chamomile plant that historically has been used to calm down irritated skin. A recent study shows that bisabolol indeed can have some anti-inflammatory effect on skin, even though conclusive data is lacking. Bisabolol has a sweet floral scent and can be added to products for its aromatic propertiesCAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAFGreen tea leaf powder that might contain antioxidants to help neutralize free radicals in skinCOLLOIDAL OATMEALHelps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammationCOMMIPHORA MUKUL RESIN EXTRACTA plant extract might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin MEDICAGO SATIVA EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinCUCUMIS SATIVUS FRUIT EXTRACTMight be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effectDIPALMITOYL HYDROXYPROLINEIs claimed to stimulate collagen and elastin production, as well as work as an anti-oxidant. There is however not enough evidence for its effectiveness GLUCOSAMINE HCLMight be able to stimulate production of skin's natural moisturizing compounds such as hyaluronic acid. Could be helpful for evening the skin tone.GLYCINE SOJA SEED EXTRACTAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Might be somewhat helpful in evening the skin tone.GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsHIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES OILA good emollient. Contains various ingredients including vitamins and fatty acids that could work in the skin to neutralize free radicals and minimize moisture loss - if enough of these compounds is able to penetrate the skin in an active form. LIMNANTHES ALBA SEED OILThis oil's cmposition is closest to rapeseed oil. It is a very stable oil and serves as an emoillientALCHEMILLA VULGARIS EXTRACTA plant extract that has astringent properties. In other words, it might be able to interact with keratin in the uppermost layer of the skin to reduce swelling and create a temporal tightening effect. It can be irritatingMALPIGHIA EMARGINATA SEED EXTRACTCan help neutralize free radicals in skin but is typically not used in a high enough concentrationSPINACIA OLERACEA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesNELUMBO NUCIFERA FLOWER EXTRACTSACCHAROMYCES/RICE FERMENT FILTRATEA product of yeast fermentation. Can contain humectants that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free oxidantsPALMITOYL GRAPEVINE SHOOT EXTRACTAn extract from grape plant that can contain a potent antioxidant resveratrol. The manufacturer (Caudalie) claims that this particular extract is effective against hyperpigmentation. This effect would be explained by the resveratrol content. However, there is no independent research confirming the manufacturer's claim beside the potential for anti-oxidant activityPANAX GINSENG ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-inflammatory properties, but solid evidence is lacking. It can be irritatingPRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS OILAn emollient that softens the skinPRUNUS ARMENIACA KERNEL OILAn emollient that helps soften the skinRETINOLTwo steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritatingRIBES NIGRUM SEED OILAn emollient. Can be helpful for restoring skin barrier function.ROSA CANINA FRUIT OILA great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritatingROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS LEAF EXTRACTCan be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin. Is a likely irritantSCLEROCARYA BIRREA SEED OILAn emollient that helps to soften the skin. It has a high contetn of oleic acid that might weaken the skin barrier. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. It might be somewhat helpful against hyperpigmentation. MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATEA derivative of vitamin C that is more stable, but less bioavailable than the pure form of vitamin C. It does not penetrate the skin well, but has been shown to convert to pure vitamin C once in skin. It can be helpful in stimulating collagen production and lightening the skin tone, but the required concentration is likely to be very highSERICINSILYBUM MARIANUM EXTRACTMight be able to help neutralize free radical, calm down inflammation in skin, and even skin toneTHERMUS THERMOPHILLUS FERMENTMight be helpful in neutralising free radicals in skin and have some hydration propertiesTOCOPHERYL ACETATEA more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients. NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE EXTRACTUsed as a fragrance. Might have anti-oxidant propertiesTRITICUM VULGARE GERM EXTRACTPlant extract that might have moisturizing properties. Avoid if you suffer from wheat or gluten intoleranceTRITICUM VULGARE GERM OILA good emoillient. Contains vitamin E which can help neutralise free radicals, however the oil is unstable. Avoid if you have gluten or wheat sensitivity (including food allergies). VITIS VINIFERA SEED OILA great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant propertiesARGANIA SPINOSA KERNEL OILAn emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Might have some weak anti-oxidant properties CITRULLUS LANATUS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that can contain an antioxidant compoundHORDEUM VULGARE EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to glutenETHYLBISIMINOMETHYLGUAIACOL MANGANESE CHLORIDEA potent anti-oxidant that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and protect from harmful effects of sun exposure, even though more studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness in topical applicationsTOCOPHEROLPure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itselfERGOTHIONEINECan help neutralize free radicals in skin. Preliminary studies show that it can be more effective than coenzyme Q10 but studies on effective concentration for topical applications are lackingLENS ESCULENTA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract containing sugars that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is claimed by the manufacturer to help reduce pore size but evidence is lackingGLYCYRRHETINIC ACIDActive compound of licorice root. Works to calm down inflammation, as an anti-oxidant, and might be helpful in lightening the skin and reducing hyperpigmentationGLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that can be effective for calming down inflammation and lightening the skin, but the effectivenss in products can vary significantly based on the extract quality and concentration usedHABERLEA RHODOPENSIS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that if used in high concentration might help to neutralize free radicals in skinPOLYGONUM CUSPIDATUM ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can contain resveratrol, an antioxidant that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. The effectiveness depends on the extract quality and concentration in the productBETA VULGARIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some antioxidant properties, but mostly used in cosmetics for its colorAMINOPROPYL ASCORBYL PHOSPHATEA more stable but less potent derivative of vitamin C. It can help neautralize free radicals and even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration (required levels are likely to be much higher than for pure vitamin C, and solid studies are lacking at the moment)LAMINARIA DIGITATA EXTRACTSeaweed extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but good research is lacking at the momentQUERCETINMight be able to help neutralize free radicals in skinPEUCEDANUM GRAVEOLENS EXTRACTA plant extract. Might have an antioxidant effect. Can be used as a fragranceTETRAHEXYLDECYL ASCORBATEBeing a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective. UBIQUINONECoenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergenOLEANOLIC ACIDMight be helpful against blemishes, work as an anti-oxidant, reduce inflammation and improve skin's ability to hold on to moisture, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness when applied topically to human skinURSOLIC ACIDSCROPHULARIA NODOSA EXTRACTA plant extract that might have an anti-oxidant effect. Used as a fragranceCOLA ACUMINATA SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties, but research is missingHELICHRYSUM STOECHAS EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Contains an essential oil that can irritate the skinPARACHLORELLA BEIJERINCKII EXOPOLYSACCHARIDESCompounds extracted from green algae that could help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skincare products (topical applicaiton) is missing. Helps moisturize the skin by attracting water to its upper layer PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and have a skin lightening effect if used in high enough concentrationsFERULIC ACIDA potent anti-oxidant that has been shown to be effective in neutralizing free radicals in skin. There seem to have a synergetic effect of ferulic acid, vitamin E and C, meaning that when the ingredients are used together, they enhance each other's ability protect the skin against free radicals. Ferulic acid also helps to stabilize other ingredients - including vitamins C and E. It can help to even out the skin tone. Ferulic acid is approved for use as a sunscreen ingredient in Japan in concentrations up to 10% TETRAHYDROBISDEMETHOXYDIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritatingTETRAHYDRODEMETHOXYDIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). Is a part of the tetrahydrocurcuminoids complex (THC). The complex might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritatingTETRAHYDRODIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). Is a part of the tetrahydrocurcuminoids complex (THC). The complex might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritatingCHLORELLA VULGARIS EXTRACTA plant extract that can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory propertiesUNCARIA GAMBIR EXTRACTA plant extract that might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Can be irritatingSILYBUM MARIANUM SEED OILA plant oil that contains essential oils that can be irritating. Can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant activity but evidence is lackingPORPHYRA UMBILICALIS EXTRACTAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have an anti-oxidant effect in skin but evidence is lackingNELUMBO NUCIFERA EXTRACTMight be somewhat helpful in protecting elastin in skin and evening skin tone, but good research is lacking. Contains fragrant components and can be irritating. ANTHEMIS NOBILIS FLOWER OILAn essential oil that is used as a fragrance and can be irritating. It might have some anti-oxidant effect in skinTAURINECould be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin, evening out the skin tone and neutralizing free radicals, but more research is needed to confirm its effectivenessELLAGIC ACIDCan help neutralize free radicals in skin. It can help prevent and treat hyperpigmentation and even out the skin toneSAMBUCUS NIGRA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that may contain a small amount of essential oils. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skinSAPINDUS MUKOROSSI PEEL EXTRACTA plant extract that can contain saponins. Might have anti-bactrial and anti-oxidant effect in skin. Also can be used to help oil and water mix togetherBIFIDA FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effectTHEOBROMA CACAO SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effectHIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that can be irritating. It might contain a compound anthocyanin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsPYRUS MALUS SEED OILCan contain essential oil that can be irritating. Can help to soften the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsVITIS VINIFERA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin, but is less potent than the extract from the seedsMORUS NIGRA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and have some skin-lightening effect, but good evidence is missingCASTANEA SATIVA SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicalsSALVIA SCLAREA EXTRACTUsed as a fragrance. Can be irritatingCREATINECan support skin's ability to neutralize free radicals and produce collagen, though further research is needed to confirm effectivenessCOFFEA ARABICA SEED OILMight be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skinEUTERPE OLERACEA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that can have some anti-oxidant effect in skinOENOTHERA BIENNIS SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence is lackingROSA CANINA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties, but evidence is lackingPELARGONIUM GRAVEOLENS FLOWER OILAn essential oil. Can be irritating. Can become an allergen with oxidationMYRTUS COMMUNIS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that contains an essential oil and often used for its fragrance. Can be irritating. It has some anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant propertiesHYDROLYZED MYRTUS COMMUNIS LEAF EXTRACTCENTAURIUM ERYTHRAEA EXTRACTA plant extract that can help calm down inflammation in skinMICROCOCCUS LYSATEConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"VITIS VINIFERA SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that contains resveratrol and other anti-oxidant compounds that can help neutralize free radicals, reduce inflammation in skin and even out its tone. Can be also used to stabilize the product formulationGLYCINE SOJA PROTEINA plant extract that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it. It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. It might be somewhat helpful for evening out the skin tone. It might be able to support elastin production but solid research is lackingCALENDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that has some anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties. Can be irritatingBETA-GLUCANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinklesBORAGO OFFICINALIS SEED OILA plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydrationGLUCONOLACTONEA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsHYDROLYZED SOY PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-aging, anti-oxidant, and skin lightening properties, but solid evidence is missingORYZANOLAn anti-oxidant that helps stabilize product formulations. Might help neutralise free radicals in skin HYDROLYZED RICE PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant propertiesZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can contain an irritating essential oil. Might have some anti-oxidant effect, but evidence is lackingCOFFEA ARABICA SEED EXTRACTMight be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skinGELIDIELLA ACEROSA EXTRACTAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant propertiesMANGIFERA INDICA SEED BUTTERHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effectORYZA SATIVA EXTRACTA grain extract that helps to create a thicker product consistency. It might have some anti-oxidant properties and help attract water to the upper layer of the skinARTEMIA EXTRACTZooplankton extract that can attract water to the upper level of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effectZINC GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skinCOPPER GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missingMALTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is genter than AHAs. In addition, it helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsROSA CANINA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might have anti-oxidant properties. Might help reduce inflammation in skin and help against blemishesILEX PARAGUARIENSIS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can contain fragrand compounds like linalool that can be irritatingSTEVIA REBAUDIANA EXTRACTA plant extract that adds a sweat taste to products (for example, for lip products). Might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect PUNICA GRANATUM EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out the skin tone, but is typically used in products in a concentration that is too low to be effectiveZINC PCAA compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missingCHRYSINMight be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles, as well as lightening the skin, but solid evidence is missing. Could somewhat help in reducing the darkness of the under-eye area. Helps to neutralise free radicals in skinSODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATEA stable derivative of vitamin C. It is oil-soluble which means it is more likely to penetrate the skin compared to the pure form of vitamin C (which is water-soluble), but it is less bio-available and is way less effective in stimulating collagen and reducing wrinkles compared to the pure form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and its other derivatives (for example, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate). At the same time, this vitamin C derivative has been shown in studies to be effective in reducing acne, blemishes and clogged pores. It is less irritating then the pure form of vitamin CSQUALENEAn oil that is naturally part of skin sebum that helps to soften its upper layer, reduce water loss and neutralize free radicals. It might be comedogenic. Avoid applying large concentrations (or pure oil) before sun exposure as oxidized squalene can clog pores and lead to skin irritation. Today squalene is mostly derived from vegetable oils or synthetized by yeastDUNALIELLA SALINA EXTRACTA green micro-algae extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but solid evidence is lacking. It helps to soften the upper layer of the skinVACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract tha can have anti-oxidant properties, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingASCORBYL METHYLSILANOL PECTINATEA stable derivative of pectin and vitamin C. It might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness is lacking. Helps create a thicker product consistency and stabilize the product formulationULMUS DAVIDIANA ROOT EXTRACTA plant root extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It might have an anti-inflammatory effect and could help neturalize free radicals in skinLACTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity DECARBOXY CARNOSINE HCLMight be able to protect the skin from free radicals, but further evidence of effectiveness is neededGINKGO BILOBA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation in skin. It can be irritatingEPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and calm down irritation in skin. However, it can contain compounds that can be irritating themselvesSALIX ALBA BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. It contains a compound salicin that can theoretically be converted into salicylic acid that, in turn, helps reduce inflammation in skin, but the evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking and the extract is usually not used in a concentration that would enable an exfoliating effectTOCOTRIENOLSA type of vitamin E that is more powerful in neutralizing free radicals compared to its other formsSIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have an antioxidant effect and help attract water to the upper layer of the skinCHITOSANInhibits acne-causing bacteria on the surface of the skin. Can help to reduce inflammation caused by bacteria. Helps neutralize free radicals in skin. Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinPINUS PINASTER BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingLONICERA JAPONICA FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can contain volalite oils and be irritatingLONICERA CAPRIFOLIUM FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can contain volalite oils and be irritatingSELAGINELLA LEPIDOPHYLLA EXTRACTA plant extract that might be able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and have some antioxidant effect, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingCARNOSINEA type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damageLEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACTA plant stem cell extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation in skinOENOTHERA BIENNIS SEEDA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence is lackingVACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED OILA plant oil that can help neutralize free radicals, soften the upper layer of the skin, and support skin's barrier functionLYCOPENEHelps neutralize free radicals in skin combating sun damage. Adds a red color to the productEUTERPE OLERACEA FRUIT OILA plant oil that might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingDAUCUS CAROTA SATIVA SEED OILA plant oil that might help neutralize free radicals and have an anti-bacterial effectHYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINONEAn analogue of coenzyme Q10 that has a lower molecular weight, which can improve its ability to penetrate the skin. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergenLYCIUM BARBARUM FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layerROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS LEAF OILA plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Has anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skinRESVERATROLHelps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, as well as even out the skin toneSHOREA ROBUSTA SEED BUTTERHelps to softent the upper layer of the skinBUDDLEJA OFFICINALIS FLOWER EXTRACTA plant flower extract that might help calm down inflammation in skin and neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingHYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS ROOT EXTRACTPlant extract that might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingSCENEDESMUS RUBESCENS EXTRACTA micro-algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support its barrier function, amd might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingTARAXACUM OFFICINALE EXTRACTA plant extract that might have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking. Can be an allergenHYDROLYZED GINSENG SAPONINSPlant extract that might help calm down inflammation in skin and neutralize free radicals, but effectiveness of topical application is not confirmed. Can be an allergenENANTIA CHLORANTHA BARK EXTRACTA bark extract that might help clam down inflammation and neutralize free radicals , but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingBRASSICA OLERACEA CAPITATA LEAF EXTRACTPlant extract that might help calm down inflammation and have some anti-oxidant propertiesSEA WHIP EXTRACTMight help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skinMELILOTUS OFFICINALIS EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be used as a fragrance and can be irritatingLACTOCOCCUS FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skinGLUCONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsASPALATHUS LINEARIS LEAF EXTRACTPlant extract that might have help to neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness is skin is lackingBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER UNSAPONIFIABLESA great moisturizing ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicalsTREMELLA FUCIFORMIS SPOROCARP EXTRACTMushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinCERATONIA SILIQUA FRUIT EXTRACTPlant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingRICE FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant propertiesASTAXANTHINHelps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help to calm down inflammationGALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked poresZANTHOXYLUM PIPERITUM FRUIT EXTRACTPlant extract that has some anti-oxidant properties. It can be irritating. Can be used to improve the product's smellLACTOBACILLUS/RICE FERMENT FILTRATEA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus out of rice. The fermented product helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lackingMORUS ALBA BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might have anti-oxidant properties and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence is lackingVISCUM ALBUM LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but solid research is lackingPERILLA OCYMOIDES SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Contains a number of volatile compounds and can be irritatingPERILLA OCYMOIDES SEED OILA plant extract that works as an emollient. It might help neutralize free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Contains some volatile compounds and could be irritatingPERILLA OCYMOIDES LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Contains a number of volatile compounds and could be irritatingLACTOBACILLUS/ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA LEAF FERMENT FILTRATEFermented bamboo. Is used to create a nice product texture. Might have some antioxidant effectPOLYGONUM BISTORTA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties and is claimed by its manufacturer to be able to decrease lines and wrinkles but evidence is lackingCARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM FLOWER/LEAF/VINE EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties but evidence is missing EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain antioxidantsAPHANIZOMENON FLOS-AQUAE EXTRACTAn extract from ablue-green algae. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to neutralize free radicals3-GLYCERYL ASCORBATEA moisturizing vitamin C derivative. It is considered to be one of the most stable ones. It is effective in neutralizing free radicals and can help to even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration3-O-ETHYL ASCORBIC ACIDA vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Can help neutralize free radicals and help reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in productsACTINIDIA CHINENSIS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM EXTRACTBrown seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effectASPARAGOPSIS ARMATA EXTRACTRed seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effectCORALLINA OFFICINALIS EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might contain antioxidantsECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA EXTRACTPlant extract that might contain antioxidants, have antibacterial effect and help reduce inflammation, but solid evidence is lacking. Can be irritatingHAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS EXTRACTGreen algae extract that might contain antioxidant astaxanthinHESPERIDIN METHYL CHALCONEMight help neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to be able to improve the appearance of undereye darkness but evidence is missing. Can be an allergen and cause irritationPORTULACA OLERACEA EXTRACTA plant extract that has some anti-oxidant activity, but solid research is lacking. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skinPORTULACA PILOSA EXTRACTSAMBUCUS NIGRA FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinTAMARINDUS INDICA EXTRACTA plant extract that might have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in skin but solid evidence is lackingUNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACTA seaweed extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have an anti-oxidant effectHYDROLYZED PRUNUS DOMESTICAA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesPRUNUS MUME FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have an anti-oxidant effect and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence of effectiveness is lackingPALMARIA PALMATA EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinPROPOLIS EXTRACTA complex substance produced by honey bees. Can have anti-bacterial and some anti-oxidant effect. Is an allergen and can be irritatingRUBUS IDAEUS SEED OILA plant oil that might be able to help neutralize free radicals in skinMADECASSOSIDEAn antioxidant that is typically derived from plant Centella Asiatica. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and support skin barrier function. It could, however, itself be irritating. It is often unstable in formulationsBAKUCHIOLA plant extract that is, though different in chemical structure, acts similar to retinoids. First studies show that it can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone, reduce clogged pores and blemishes, and reduce inflammation. There is no conclusive evidence that bakuchiol is as effective as retinol however. The study that directly compared retinol with bakuchiol used bakuchiol applied twice daily compared to once per day for the retinol. According to this study, bakuchiol is less irritating than retinol. Bakuchiol is extracted from seeds of Babchi plant. Other parts of the plant contain coumarins that could cause allergic and irritant reactions. These compounds should be removed in the extraction process when bakuchiol is produced, but it is a good idea to be cautious and stay away from products that include the Babchi plant extracts other than purified bakuchiol to avoid irritationYEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skinHEXYLRESORCINOLMight be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals in skinAZELAIC ACIDIs produced by a yeast that lives on normal human skin. It is used in medicine as a topical treatment for mild to moderate acne. It has a mild exfoliating effect. It can also help reduce hyperpigmentation, helps calm down inflammation and can help neutralize free radicalsCANNABIDIOL - DERIVED FROM EXTRACT OR TINCTURE OR RESIN OF CANNABISCBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier functionCANNABIDIOL - SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCEDCBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier functionKOJIC ACIDHelps to reduce hyperpigmentation and neutralize free radicals. Can be irritatingRETINYL LINOLEATEAn ester of a retinoid and linoleic acid. Three steps removed from the bioactive form of retinoid, retinoic acid. Once converted to retinoic acid in skin, it can help reduce wrinkles, stimulate collagen production, even out skin tone and reduce blemishes. The concentrations used in cosmetic products are often not high enough to have a positive effect in skin. ARGININE PCAAn amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals in skinCASSIA ALATA LEAF EXTRACTMight have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritatingECHINACEA PURPUREA EXTRACTPlant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritatingACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM EXTRACTPlant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritatingAESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM SEED EXTRACTPlant extract. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritatingARCTIUM LAPPA ROOT EXTRACTPlant extract. Has some anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritatingHYDROLYZED OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract. Can help attract water the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant propertiesBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII OILSCHISANDRA CHINENSIS FRUIT EXTRACTA berry extract that might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skinANGELICA KEISKEI LEAF/STEM EXTRACTA fragrant plant extract. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritatingNARCISSUS TAZETTA BULB EXTRACTMight contain compounds called dormins that in theory could help lighten skin and reduce hyperpigmentation, but solid research is lackingPYRUS MALUS FRUIT EXTRACTCan have some moisturizing properties due to its sugar contentTHIOCTIC ACIDGLYCYRRHIZA INFLATA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsAPIUM GRAVEOLENS SEED EXTRACTNARINGENINA flavanoid that can be found in high concentrations in grapefruits, oranges, other citrus fruits, and tomato skin. Early studies suggest that it might be able to help reduce inflammation in skin and neutralize free radicalsMICHELIA ALBA FLOWER OILA plant essential oil. Used as a fragrance. Can be irritatingASIATICOSIDEAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid), asiaticoside has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritatingADENOSINEMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skinSPIRAEA ULMARIA FLOWER EXTRACTMight have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Can be irritatingCAMELLIA SEED OILOil from tea seeds. Can help neutralize free radicals in skinSCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant propertiesHYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINOYL DIPALMITOYL GLYCERATEIdebenone complex. Helps neutralize free radicals in skinOENOTHERA BIENNIS OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionTOCOPHERYL LINOLEATEA relative of vitamin E (Tocopherol). It can have an anti-oxidant effect in skin and/or to stabilize the product fromulation. It could be irritating but most of the reported allergy and irritation cases appeared in one geographic location (Switzerland) in 1992, and might be due to the quality issues in manufacturing of a particular batch of the ingredientCURCUMA LONGA RHIZOME EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but there is no evidence of effectiveness in skinPIMPINELLA ANISUM FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that can have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be used as a fragrance and to help preserve product formulations. Can be irritatingPHLORETINAn antioxidant. Can help neutralize free radicals in skinCAMELLIA SINENSIS EXTRACTTea extract. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skinJUNIPERUS COMMUNIS FRUIT EXTRACTBerry extract that might have some anti-oxidant effectBACKHOUSIA CITRIODORA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract used mostly as a fragrance. Can have some anti-microbial and anti-oxidant propertiesCAMELLIA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation, even though it is not usually used in sufficient concentration in cosmeticsCYNARA SCOLYMUS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. It might be irritatingCEREUS GRANDIFLORUS FLOWER EXTRACTA cactus extract that can help neutralize free radicals because it contains a chemical compound called betacyanins and flavonolglycosides. Can help make the surface of the skin dryer helping make pores look smaller for a very short period of time. The concentrations usually used in cosmetics are too small to have any effectFICUS CARICA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals. The concentrations typically used in cosmetics are too small to have an effectHOVENIA DULCIS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extractMALPIGHIA PUNICIFOLIA FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help neutralize free radicals. The concentrations typically used in cosmetics are too small to have an effectCAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF WATERGreen tea leaf water. Might have some minimal anti-oxidant effectLUFFA CYLINDRICA FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might be somewhat helpful in neutrlizing free radicalsHIBISCUS ESCULENTUS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals. It can be irritatingCALENDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWER OILA plant oil that might have an antibacterial and some antioxidant effect. Is a common allergen and irritantEPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATYL GLUCOSIDEA synthetic version of green tea polyphenol that helps neutralize free radicals in skinMELIA AZADIRACHTA FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might be helpful to neutralize free radicals in skinHIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES FRUIT OILA plant oil that might somewhat help to neutralize free radicals. It could be irritatingCOENOCHLORIS SIGNIENSIS EXTRACTAn algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and neutralize free radicalsMORINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effectERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LEAF EXTRACTPlant extract that might be somewhat helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skinCHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA EXTRACTAn algae extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicals in skinRUTINAn antioxidant that might help neutralize free radicals in skinPHASEOLUS LUNATUS SEED EXTRACTBean seed extract. It might have some anti-oxidant propertiesOCIMUM SANCTUM LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that is rich in a fragrance compound eugenol that is a frequent allergen and can be irritating. It might also contain anti-oxidants to help neutralize free radicalsALOE BARBADENSIS FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effectSOLANUM MELONGENA FRUIT EXTRACTEggplant fruit extract. Might have some anti-oxidant effectCOCCINIA INDICA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect helping neutralize free radicals in skinALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BARK/SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BRANCH/LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingARTEMISIA VULGARIS EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. It can be irritatingDIMETHYLMETHOXY CHROMANOLCan help neutralize free radicals in skinCOLLOIDAL GOLD/CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF POWDERMight provide some anti-oxidant benefits and help attract water to the upper layer of the skinTOCOPHERYL GLUCOSIDEAntioxidant that helps stabilize product formulations and, if used in higher concentration, might help neutralize free radicals in skinMEDICAGO SATIVA SEED POWDERMight help soften the upper layer of the skin and help thicken the product formulation. It might have some anti-oxidant effectPANCRATIUM MARITIMUM EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. It might help reduce hyperpigmentationANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS BARK EXTRACTA tree bark extract that has antibacterial properties and might have an anti-oxidant effect. Its effectiveness in skin has not been studiedVACCINIUM MYRTILLUS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its efficacy in skin is lackingEMBLICA OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might be helping in neutralizing free radicals in skin. It could help reduce hyperpigmentation. There is some research to confirm its effectiveness in skinRUBUS IDAEUS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, bu research on its effectiveness is lackingRUBUS FRUTICOSUS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinMALPIGHIA GLABRA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lackingHIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lackingFRAGARIA VESCA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lackingMYRCIARIA DUBIA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lackingOPHIOPOGON JAPONICUS ROOT EXTRACTPlant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and support skin barrier function, but research on its effectiveness in skin is lackingACACIA DECURRENS FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant benefits but research on effectiveness in skin is lackingCALENDULA OFFICINALIS EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinPEARL POWDERConsists of 95% calcium carbonate that does not have any effect on the skin. The remaining 5% can include compounds that can help neutralize free radicals and support skin barrier functionPAEONIA LACTIFLORA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the research on its effectiveness in skin is lackingSACCHAROMYCES/BARLEY SEED FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and can help attract water to its upper layersHORDEUM VULGARE SEED EXTRACTA grain extract. It might contain compounds that help neutralize free radicals in skinCAMELLIA JAPONICA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinOPUNTIA COCCINELLIFERA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinSUPEROXIDE DISMUTASEAn antioxidant enzyme that is naturally present in skin. It can help support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin. It is used in topical medications for inflammatory skin conditions including atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis. There are three types of natural Superoxide Dismutase in human skin. The compound used in topical treatments and cosmetics are mimics of typically one of these natural variantsCAMELLIA SINENSIS CATECHINSA group of chemical compounds extracted from Green Tea. They can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Might be able to help repair sun damage and clam down inflammation in skinGLUTATHIONEA peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skinPLEIOGYNIUM TIMORIENSE FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingPODOCARPUS ELATUS FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is missingVITEX AGNUS-CASTUS EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some antioxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is missingTARTARIC ACIDAn AHA (alpha-hydroxy acid). It oxidizes quickly which makes it less effective in skincare formulations. It can support skin's barrier and moisture levelsCUCUMIS MELO CANTALUPENSIS FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is missingCAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OILA plant oil that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier. Might have some anti-oxidant effectPYRIDOXINEMight help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking. It might be irritatingPUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT JUICEA fruit juice. Might have some anti-oxidant properties but is unlikely to have any benefit when used in skincareROSA ROXBURGHII FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness is missingPORPHYRA YEZOENSIS EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant propertiesCUCUMIS MELO FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesHYDROLYZED GARDENIA FLORIDA EXTRACTUsed as a fragrance. Might have some anti-oxidant propertiesRUBUS IDAEUS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingRIBES NIGRUM LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingISOQUERCITRINAntioxidant that might help reduce free radicals and reduce melanin production, but more research is needed to understand if it is effective in skinESCINA compound obtained from horse chestnut. It is claimed that this chemical can improve circulation, but there is no evidence available that it works in skin HYPERICUM PERFORATUM FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACTA plant extract (perforate St John's-wort) that might have some anti-oxidant effect. Can be used as a fragrance and be irritatingCHAMOMILLA RECUTITA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACTA plant extract. Can be used as a fragrance. Contains multiple chemical compounds, some of which are frequent irritants and allergensHYDROXYMETHOXYPHENYL DECANONEAn anti-oxidant. It might be able to neutralize free radicals in skin. The manufacturer claims that it is able to stimulate synthesis of hyaluronic acid in skin, but there is no evidence of effectiveness of this ingredient so farCYSTEINEMight help neutralize free radicals in skin and might be helpful against hyperpigmentationKAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII EXTRACTA red algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant propertiesPSEUDOZYMA EPICOLA/CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OIL/GLUCOSE/MALT EXTRACT/SOYBEAN FLOUR/YEAST EXTRACT FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicalsFUCOXANTHINCan have an antioxidant effect in skinCURCUMA LONGA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effectHUMAN ADIPOSE DERIVED STEM CELL CONDITIONED MEDIAA stem cell extract. There is no evidence that it is effective when applied topically to the skinLACTOBACILLUS FERMENTA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservativeASCORBIC ACID POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesVACCINIUM MACROCARPON FRUIT EXTRACTA berry extract. Might have some anti-oxidant propertiesPORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM EXTRACTA red algae extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have an antioxidant effectPRUNUS PERSICA FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extact. Might have some anti-oxidant propertiesBIS (CYANO BUTYLACETATE) ANTHRACENEDIYLIDENEThe manufacturer of this ingredients claims that it can the formation of free radicals in skin generated by "nearly any kind of light" (including visible), but there is no studies to confirm this claimCARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE SEED OILA plant oil with a high content of linoleic acid that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and helps strengthen the skin barrier. It is an excellent moisturizer. Might have an anti-oxidant effectCANNABIS SATIVA STEM POWDERPowdered hemp. The concentration of active ingredients in it is unknown and it is unlikely to provide a particular benefit to the skinASPERGILLUS FERMENTAn extract from fungus (mold) that typically appears on rice. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, might help neutralize free radicals and possibly somewhat reduce hyperpigmentationESCULINA coumarin glucoside often extracted from chestnut. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and in theory could help strengthen capillaries, but there is no research to confirm its effectiveness in skinSALVIA MILTIORRHIZA ROOT EXTRACTAn aromatic plant root extract with a mint-like smell. Can be irritating. Used as a fragrance. Might have some anti-oxidant effectZANTHOXYLUM BUNGEANUM FRUIT EXTRACTPepper extract. Might help neutralize free radicals in skinCURCUMA LONGA ROOTA plant extract that might have some antioxidant effect. Can be irritatingCUCURBITA PEPOA plant extract. Might have some anti-oxidant effectECLIPTA PROSTRATA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that is mostly used as a fragrance. Might have some anti-oxidant effectPUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that is used to add a fragrance to the product. It might have some antioxidant propertiesANNONA CHERIMOLA FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might have an anti-oxidant effect in skinN-NICOTINOYL DOPAMINEA niacinamide derivative. It is less effective than niacinamide against hyperpigmentation, but can have an anti-oxidant effect in skinRUBUS IDAEUS EXTRACTMostly used as a fragrance. Might have some anti-oxidant effectPOLYGONUM AVICULARE EXTRACTA plant extract that contains a flavanol Juglanin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce inflammationIMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT EXTRACTA plat extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layerBOERHAVIA DIFFUSA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help reduce inflammation and neutralize free radicalsCRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have antioxidant effect in skinASCORBYL TETRAISOPALMITATEA vitamin C derivative. Studies show that is might be effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, but there are no studies confirming that it is effectively converted into the bioavailable form of Vitamin C in skin. It is not clear how this derivative compares in effectiveness to the topical application of bioavailable form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) VITIS VINIFERA OILA great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant propertiesMALVA SYLVESTRIS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might help in reducing inflammationCAMELLIA JAPONICA FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinECLIPTA PROSTRATA EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. It can be irritatingCENTAUREA CYANUS FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might have antibacterial effect and help neutralize free radicalsALTHAEA OFFICINALIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to reduce inflammationVACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin, support the skin's barrier function and might help neutralize free radicalsTretinoinBioavailable form of Vitamin A that is the most effective known topical ingredients for reducing wrinkles, improving skin firmness, treating acne, as well as hyperpigmentation. It is not available over-the counter in many countries, including US and UKPENTAPEPTIDE-34 TRIFLUOROACETATEA type of peptide that works as a great moisturizer. It might also have some anti-aging effect and help neutralize free radicals in skinGARCINIA MANGOSTANA FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesPANAX GINSENG EXTRACTA plant extract that might have anti-oxidant properties. Can be irritatingLAVANDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWER OILAm essential oil that is used as a fragranceMALUS DOMESTICA FRUIT EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinARGANIA SPINOSA SPROUT CELL EXTRACTPlant stem cell extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsUBIDECARENONEA less bioavailable form of coQ10 (compared to ubiquinone)LITHOSPERMUM ERYTHRORHIZON ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used for its fragrancePUNICA GRANATUM SEED EXTRACTCOPTIS JAPONICA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesCOPTIS CHINENSIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have antioxidant propertiesCROTON LECHLERI RESIN EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesACETYL ZINGERONEHelps neutralize free radicalsPLANTAGO LANCEOLATA LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have anti-oxidant propertiesACANTHOPANAX SENTICOSUS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have antioxidant propertiesCARAPA GUAIANENSIS SEED OILA plant oil that contains limonoids. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be irritatingROSMARINYL GLUCOSIDEHelps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help to reduce inflammationARBUTINBeta-arbutin. Can help to reduce hyperpigmentation and has an anti-oxidant effect when used in high enough concentration. Is less effective compared to alpha-arbutinHYDROLYZED VITIS LABRUSCA SKIN EXTRACTAn extract from grape skin. Might help neutralize free radicals in skinCAMELLIA JAPONICA SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might have anti-oxidant propertiesMALVA SYLVESTRIS FLOWER EXTRACTUsed as a fragranceFRAGARIA ANANASSA SEED EXTRACTCOMBRETUM MICRANTHUM LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesSYZYGIUM LUEHMANNII FRUIT EXTRACTACETYL TYROSINAMIDEAn amino acid derivative. A manufacturer's study shows that it can help somewhat reduce wrinkles when used in combination with a low concentration of glycolic acid. No independent human in-vivo studies of this compound are availableARISTOTELIA CHILENSIS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Can be used as a fragranceCANARIUM OVATUM EXTRACTPERILLA FRUTESCENS LEAF EXTRACTUsed as a fragrance for its mint-like smellSCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare typically too low. Can be used for its fragrant propertiesPYRUS MALUS SEED EXTRACTApple seed extract. Might help neutralize free radicals in skinPAEONIA SUFFRUTICOSA ROOT EXTRACTROSE FLOWER OILFlower oil that is used as a fragrancePYRIDOXINE HCLMight help neutralize free radicals in skinTARAXACUM OFFICINALE ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be irritatingGARDENIA JASMINOIDES MERISTEM CELL CULTUREA stem cell extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinEPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATEA polyphenol found in tea. This particular compound abbreviated EGCG is the most powerful antioxidant among those extracted from tea (usually green tea). Unfortunately, EGCG is unstable, requires a low pH (below 4) to prevent quick degradation, and does not penetrate the skin very well. This is why the full anti-oxidant effect of EGCG is typically not realized when it is added to topical skincareCORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that contains anti-oxidants. It might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used to help preserve the product formulationNYMPHAEA ALBA ROOT EXTRACTA plant root extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skinRESVERATROL DIMETHYL ETHERA more stable derivative of anti-oxidant resveratrol. There is not enough research to confirm its efficacy in skinSPIRULINA PLATENSIS EXTRACTAn algae extract. Might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have an anti-oxidant effectCAESALPINIA SPINOSA FRUIT POD EXTRACTA plant extract with antioxidant effect. Is often added to skincare to boost SPFSYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might be able to help decrease inflammation in skin and have an anti-oxidant effect

Moisturizing

1-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXENYL-1-PENTEN-3-ONEACETYL GLUCOSAMINEAn effective moisturizing ingredient that also has been shown to be effective in evening out the skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help somewhat reduce wrinkles in skinAHNFELTIA CONCINNA EXTRACTAn algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Also used to create a thicker product textureAHNFELTIOPSIS CONCINNA EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinALGAE EXTRACTPlant extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but research is not extensive yetALLANTOINHelps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydratedANHYDROXYLITOLHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrir functionARGININEAn amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skinAVENA SATIVA KERNEL EXTRACTAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant propertiesBEESWAXForms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergenBETAINEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product textureBIOSACCHARIDE GUM-1Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and is claimed to provide a longer-lasting hydration because of its ability to create a water-binding film on the surface of the skinBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTERA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicalsBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER EXTRACTA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicalsCAMELLIA OLEIFERA SEED OILAn emollient that does not leave a greasy finish CAPROOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS SEED OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin and might help calm down inflammationCHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDES OILAn emollient. Is unlikely to have additional benefits for the skin CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDEA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin CHOLESTEROLAn emollient that is naturally found in skinCHONDRUS CRISPUS EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistencyCOCOS NUCIFERA OILAn emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenicCOLLOIDAL OATMEALHelps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammationCOPERNICIA CERIFERA WAXHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency DEXTRANHelps attract water to the most upper layer of the skin. Derived from sugarDIGLYCERINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinDIMETHICONEA silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish DIMETHICONOLA silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time GLUCOSAMINE HCLMight be able to stimulate production of skin's natural moisturizing compounds such as hyaluronic acid. Could be helpful for evening the skin tone.GLYCERINOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectantGLYCINE SOJA OILA good emollient that helps soften the skin and helps repair its barrier functionGLYCINE SOJA STEROLSAn emollient that helps soften the skinHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OILA great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier functionHIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES OILA good emollient. Contains various ingredients including vitamins and fatty acids that could work in the skin to neutralize free radicals and minimize moisture loss - if enough of these compounds is able to penetrate the skin in an active form. HYALURONIC ACIDOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammationHYDROLYZED HYALURONIC ACIDOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. A version of it is naturally present in skinINOSITOLISOCETYL STEARATEAn emollient that helps soften the skinISOPROPYL MYRISTATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Could be comedogenicJOJOBA ESTERSAn emollient made of jojoba oil. Helps soften the skin and support its barrier functionCYCLOMETHICONEA type of silicone that leaves a nice silky finish on the skin and can help soften its upper layerLACTIC ACIDAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) LIMNANTHES ALBA SEED OILThis oil's cmposition is closest to rapeseed oil. It is a very stable oil and serves as an emoillientLINOLENIC ACIDAn emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammationMYRISTYL MYRISTATEAn emollient. Is not recommended for acne-prone skin as it can be comedogenicPANTHENOLHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier functionPARAFFINUM LIQUIDUMOne of the most effective and well studied occlusive and emollient moisturizing ingredients. Helps reduce moisture loss in skin and repair skin barrier functionPASSIFLORA EDULIS SEED OILA good emollient helping to soften the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Adds a fragrance to the productPEG/PPG-18/18 DIMETHICONEA silicone that mixes with water creating nice light-weight product texturePENTAERYTHRITYL TETRACAPRYLATE/TETRACAPRATEAn emollient that helps soften the skinPERSEA GRATISSIMA OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin and could be helpful in repairing its barrier functionPETROLATUMOne of the most effective and the most studied occlusive ingredients that creates a protective layer on top of the skin preventing moisture lossPHYTOSTEROLSLipids that work as an emollient and can be helpful in repairing skin barrier functionPHYTOSTERYL/OCTYLDODECYL LAUROYL GLUTAMATEA mix of amino acids and plant-based lipids. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss over timePRUNUS ARMENIACA KERNEL OILAn emollient that helps soften the skinRIBES NIGRUM SEED OILAn emollient. Can be helpful for restoring skin barrier function.ROSA CANINA FRUIT OILA great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritatingSACCHARIDE ISOMERATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE EXTRACTA moisturizing ingredient that works as a humectant to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. SACCHAROMYCES LYSATE EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can have some anti-inflammatory effectRICINUS COMMUNIS SEED OILA plant oil that can help soften the skin. It might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but solid research is lacking. Is often used in lip products to create the needed product consistencySHOREA ROBUSTA SEED BUTTERHelps to softent the upper layer of the skinSIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED OILSoftens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air. SODIUM HYALURONATEOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skinSODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMERAttracts water into the upper layer of the skinSODIUM LACTATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the productSODIUM PCANaturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layerSQUALANEAn oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling. SUCROSECan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In crystal form, it can work as a gentle exfoliant, gentler than the salt scrub. Helps stabilize the emulsionTHERMUS THERMOPHILLUS FERMENTMight be helpful in neutralising free radicals in skin and have some hydration propertiesTREHALOSEA sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skinTRITICUM VULGARE GERM OILA good emoillient. Contains vitamin E which can help neutralise free radicals, however the oil is unstable. Avoid if you have gluten or wheat sensitivity (including food allergies). VITIS VINIFERA SEED OILA great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant propertiesXYLITYLGLUCOSIDEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrier functionYEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skinDIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATEA salt derived from licorice. Works as an emollient to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help calm down inflammation. Might be helpful for skin lighteningPEG-10 DIMETHICONEA silicone that works to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce its water loss LAMINARIA SACCHARINA EXTRACTA seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrationsPHENYL TRIMETHICONEA type of silicone that can decrease loss of moisture from the skin surface. It helps create a nice product textureLANOLINSebum of wool-bearing animals (most commonly sheep). Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce the skin water loss. In rare cases could be an allergen. Not suitable for vegansSNAIL SECRETION FILTRATETypically contains hyaluronic acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might contain allantoin that is helpful in calming down inflammation. There is no evidence that it can have any further benefits for the skin, especially when used in skincare productsBIFIDA FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effectPANTETHINEHelps to hydrate the skin by improving its barrier funcitonCERA ALBAForms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergenCOLLAGEN AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and support the skin barrier functionPARACHLORELLA BEIJERINCKII EXOPOLYSACCHARIDESCompounds extracted from green algae that could help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skincare products (topical applicaiton) is missing. Helps moisturize the skin by attracting water to its upper layer CYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS EXTRACTHelps skin moisturization by attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties but research confirming effectiveness in skin is lackingGLYCINEHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier functionSODIUM ACETYLATED HYALURONATEA type of hyaluronic acid that works as an excellent moisturizer by attracting water into the upper layer of the skin. Is typically feels less sticky on the skin compared to the usual hyaluronic acidHYDROXYPROLINEIs helpful in restoring skin barrier function supporting its moisture levels. Is claimed to stimulte collagen production in skin but evidence is lackingPHYTOSTERYL MACADAMIATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skinSACCHAROMYCES/COPPER FERMENTYeast extract that contains copper. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help in skin wound healingSACCHAROMYCES/MAGNESIUM FERMENTYeast extract that contains magnesium. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missingSACCHAROMYCES/IRON FERMENTYeast extract that contains iron. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missingSACCHAROMYCES/SILICON FERMENTYeast extract that contains silicon. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missingSACCHAROMYCES/ZINC FERMENTYeast extract that contains zinc. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missingTHEOBROMA CACAO SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effectEUPHORBIA CERIFERA CERAHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and thickens the product's textureCAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OILA plant oil that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier. Might have some anti-oxidant effectHYDROGENATED SUNFLOWER SEED OILCENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though. SOY AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skinCHONDRUS CRISPUSRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistencyGLYCERYL GLUCOSIDECan help to restore skin barrier function and soften its upper layerSACCHARIDE HYDROLYSATEALTEROMONAS FERMENT EXTRACTA marine extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory properties but research is lackingHYDROXYPROPYL TETRAHYDROPYRANTRIOLA sugar-derived compound that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to stimulate synthesis of skin's own moisturizing factors, but solid research is lacking. It could be irritatingPCANaturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layerALANINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lackingSODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATEIs naturally present in skin. Helps to attract water to its upper layerATELOCOLLAGENA protein that helps to attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinklesMANNITOLHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinMANGANESE GLUCONATEMight be able to help restore skin barrier function supporting its hydrationZINC GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skinSERINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinklesTHREONINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinklesLYSINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinklesHISTIDINE HCLA salt of an amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in restoring the skin barrier functionHISTIDINELYSINE HCLCITRULLINEAn amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinGLUTAMIC ACIDAn amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinGLYCOGENHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinGALACTOARABINANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinMICROCOCCUS LYSATEConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"FAEXYeast extract. Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinCARYOCAR BRASILIENSE FRUIT OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Can contain an essential oil that can be irritatingASTROCARYUM MURUMURU SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could be comedogenic due to the myrisic acid contentMETHICONEA type of silicone that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduces the water loss from the skin surfaceBETA-GLUCANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinklesBORAGO OFFICINALIS SEED OILA plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydrationGLUCONOLACTONEA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsLACTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity ORBIGNYA OLEIFERA SEED OILA plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in calming down inflammation in skinSACCHARUM OFFICINARUM EXTRACTSugar extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinARTEMIA EXTRACTZooplankton extract that can attract water to the upper level of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effectBIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss from its surfaceCOPPER GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missingPALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-19A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesGLYCERYL ACRYLATE/ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMERHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and provide a longer-lasting hydration. Can create a thicker product consistencyGELIDIELLA ACEROSA EXTRACTAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant propertiesORYZA SATIVA BRAN OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant propertiesCERA MICROCRISTALLINAHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss from its surface and create a thicker product consistencyMALTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is genter than AHAs. In addition, it helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsHYDROXYETHYL UREAA derivative of urea, a compound that is naturally present in skin. Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Can enhance penetration of other ingredientsPLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS SEED OILA plant oil that works as a good moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin and reducing blemishes due to the large content of linoleic acidROSA CANINA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might have anti-oxidant properties. Might help reduce inflammation in skin and help against blemishesZINC PCAA compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missingCUCUMIS SATIVUS OILA plant oil that works as a great moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Due to the high linoleic acid content, can help reduce inflammation in skinSQUALENEAn oil that is naturally part of skin sebum that helps to soften its upper layer, reduce water loss and neutralize free radicals. It might be comedogenic. Avoid applying large concentrations (or pure oil) before sun exposure as oxidized squalene can clog pores and lead to skin irritation. Today squalene is mostly derived from vegetable oils or synthetized by yeastSOLUBLE COLLAGENA typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED COLLAGENA typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skinJOJOBA ALCOHOLPALMITOYL PROLINEAn amino-acid that helps attract watet to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-aging propertiesACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL OCTAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesMAGNESIUM PALMITOYL GLUTAMATEAn amino acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful against lines and wrinkles, but evidence of effectiveness is lackingETHYLHEXYL HYDROXYSTEARATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss from itRICE AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skinETHYL LINOLEATEHelps reduce acne and blemishes. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce inflammation. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lackingSESAMUM INDICUM SEED OILA good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function ALANYL GLUTAMINEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBETA-SITOSTEROLA phytosterol that can support skin's barrier function and help the skin stay hydratedCARNOSINEA type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damageERYTHRITOLHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinPANTHENYL ETHYL ETHERHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier functionZEA MAYS OILA good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED WAXHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function while creating a thicker product consistencyPOLYGLYCERIN-3Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinSOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM SEED OILA good emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and, due to the high linoleic acid content, can support the skin's barrier functionVACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED OILA plant oil that can help neutralize free radicals, soften the upper layer of the skin, and support skin's barrier functionHYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINONEAn analogue of coenzyme Q10 that has a lower molecular weight, which can improve its ability to penetrate the skin. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergenSCENEDESMUS RUBESCENS EXTRACTA micro-algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support its barrier function, amd might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingSEA WHIP EXTRACTMight help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skinGLUCONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsLACTOCOCCUS FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skinLACTOBACILLUS/ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA LEAF FERMENT FILTRATEFermented bamboo. Is used to create a nice product texture. Might have some antioxidant effectOLIGOPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSALVIA HISPANICA SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that typically contains linolenic and linoleic acids that help soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionTRIOLEINHelps soften the upper layer of the skinACETYL HYDROXYPROLINEAn amino-acid that can support ceramides production in skin and reduce water-lossBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER UNSAPONIFIABLESA great moisturizing ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicalsSESAMUM INDICUM SEED EXTRACTPlant oil that due to its high content of linoleic acid can help support skin's barrier function improving its hydrationGRIFOLA FRONDOSA FRUITING BODY EXTRACTMushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to stimulate sebum production in skinSIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED EXTRACTPlant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skinRICE FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant propertiesROSA RUBIGINOSA SEED OILPlant oil that due to the high content of linoleic acid can support skin's barrier function and reduce moisture lossTREMELLA FUCIFORMIS SPOROCARP EXTRACTMushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinCALCIUM PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinGALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked poresLACTOBACILLUS/RICE FERMENT FILTRATEA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus out of rice. The fermented product helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lackingSACCHAROMYCES/IMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT FERMENT EXTRACTYeast extract obtained from a plant root (cogon grass). It works as an excellent humectant attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Can have some anti-inflammatory effectECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM SEED OILA plant oil that because of its high content of alpha-linolenic acid help support skin barrier function and moisturize the skinPANTOLACTONEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinFRUCTOSEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinAPHANIZOMENON FLOS-AQUAE EXTRACTAn extract from ablue-green algae. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to neutralize free radicals10-HYDROXYDECANOIC ACIDHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and slow down the water loss from its surface2-OLEAMIDO-1,3-OCTADECANEDIOLHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and slow down the water loss over time3-GLYCERYL ASCORBATEA moisturizing vitamin C derivative. It is considered to be one of the most stable ones. It is effective in neutralizing free radicals and can help to even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentrationUREANaturally present in skin (urea makes up about 7% of natural moisturizing factors in skin). Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Also has a positive effect on the skin barrier beyond the humectant action. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients. Is an exfoliating ingredient when used in high concentrationsACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-15A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesARGININE HCLAn amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skinASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM EXTRACTBrown seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effectASPARAGOPSIS ARMATA EXTRACTRed seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effectASPARTIC ACIDAn amino-acid that helps increase skin hydration and might help to slightly improve skin firmness, potentially reducing lines and wrinklesNIACINA form of vitamin B3. It is similar in action to niacinamide, but is more likely to cause red flashes in skin as the side effectCALCIUM PANTOTHENATEHelps support skin barrier function improving skin hydration and reducing sensitivityCOCOS NUCIFERA FRUIT EXTRACTAn emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenicCORALLINA OFFICINALIS EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might contain antioxidantsHALIDRYS SILIQUOSA EXTRACTExtract from large brown algae that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED JOJOBA ESTERSHelps soften the upper layer of the skinHYDROGENATED JOJOBA OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED SODIUM HYALURONATEAttracts water into the upper layer of the skinHYDROXYPALMITOYL SPHINGANINEA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinLANOLIN OILSebum of wool-bearing animals (most commonly sheep). Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce the skin water loss. In rare cases could be an allergen. Not suitable for vegansUNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACTA seaweed extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have an anti-oxidant effectHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OIL UNSAPONIFIABLESA great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier functionCETYLHYDROXYPROLINE PALMITAMIDEA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinSACCHAROMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA product of yeast fermentation. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSACCHAROMYCES FERMENTA product of yeast fermentation. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSHOREA STENOPTERA SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier functionLAURYL PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinPALMARIA PALMATA EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skinSTEARYL DIMETHICONEHelps soften the upper layer of the skinSYNTHETIC BEESWAXHelps soften the upper layer of the skinMADECASSOSIDEAn antioxidant that is typically derived from plant Centella Asiatica. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and support skin barrier function. It could, however, itself be irritating. It is often unstable in formulationsECTOINSoftens the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionLACTOBACILLUS FERMENTA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservativeGLYCOSAMINOGLYCANSLong sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANSLong sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skinPANTOTHENIC ACIDHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and may help reduce inflammation in skinTRIPEPTIDE-10ELAEIS GUINEENSIS BUTTERA type of palm oil. Helps soften the upper layer of the skinISOMALTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinADANSONIA DIGITATA OILBaobab oil. Helps soften the upper layer of the skinSALVIA HISPANICA SEED OILChia seed oil. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in repairing skin barrierSALVIA HISPANICA SEEDPIPTADENIA COLUBRINA PEEL EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Preliminary research has shown that the extract contains chemicals that might be able to support skin hydration in other ways, but the evidence is lackingARGININE PCAAn amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals in skinTRIETHYLHEXANOINHelps soften the upper layer of the skinBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII OILPOLYGLUTAMIC ACIDHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. PISTACIA VERA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinCANNABIS SATIVA SEED EXTRACTCANNABIS SATIVA SEED OILA plant oil that due to its high linoleic acid content can help strengthen skin's barrier function and soften its upper layerDILINOLEIC ACIDHYDROXYPROPYL BISPALMITAMIDE MEAGUAIAZULENEA blue-colored ingredient that is traditionally used as a colorant. It has anti-inflammatory properties. For example, it is successfully used to treat diaper rash for new borns. It can help support the skin barrier by reducing inflammationOLIGOPEPTIDE-68A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesVINYL DIMETHICONEA type of silicone that helps to create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skinTRIHEPTANOINA synthetic triglyceride. Helps soften the upper layer of the skinPANTHENYL TRIACETATEA stable oil-soluble derivative of vitamin B5. It can help support skin barrier and reduce inflammation in skinALEURITES MOLUCCANUS SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinACETYL FARNESYLCYSTEINEA synthetic amino-acid that might help calm down inflammation in skin and reduce its irritation, but conclusive studies are not available at the moment. It can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin barrierLYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACIDA phospholipid. It is naturally present in skin and plays a signaling role there. It is involved in cell prolifiratio, skin inflammatory responses and wound healing. In cosmetics, it might help to support the skin barrier functionISOLEUCINEAn amino acid that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier functionCETYL DIMETHICONEA type of silicone. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice, light product textureOENOTHERA BIENNIS OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionPOLYMETHYLSILSESQUIOXANEA silicone that improves product texture and helps dissolve other ingredients. Can form a non-greasy film on the skin to prevent moisture lossUBIQUINONECoenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergenHYDROLYZED LINSEED EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skinASIATICOSIDEAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid), asiaticoside has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritatingMADECASSIC ACIDAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (asiaticoside, madecasosside and asiatic acid), madecassic acid has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritatingGLYCOSYL TREHALOSEGLYCOPROTEINSTYROSINEFAEX EXTRACTYeast extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinAVENA SATIVA KERNEL OILAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant propertiesPERSEA GRATISSIMA OIL UNSAPONIFIABLESHelps soften the upper layer of the skinMAURITIA FLEXUOSA FRUIT OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinCANNABIDIOL - SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCEDCBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier functionCANNABIDIOL - DERIVED FROM EXTRACT OR TINCTURE OR RESIN OF CANNABISCBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier functionOLEOYL DIPEPTIDE-15A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCENTELLA ASIATICA LEAF CELL EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. It can be irritating to sensitive skin. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It could, however, itself be irritating.CENTELLA ASIATICA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though. ASIATIC ACIDAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (asiaticoside, madecasosside and madecassic acid) asiatic acid has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritatingTHEOBROMA GRANDIFLORUM SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and might as well help to attract moisture to its upper layerCHENOPODIUM QUINOA SEED OILA plant oil that contains a high percentage of linoleic acid. It softens the upper layer of the skin and can help strengthen the skin barrierALPHA-GLUCAN OLIGOSACCHARIDEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinCOPPER PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinACER SACCHARUM SAP EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSISYMBRIUM IRIO SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could help reduce inflammation due to high content of linolenic acidINULINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is claimed to support the growth of "good" bacteria in skin (as a "prebiotic"), but the research is lackingSUPEROXIDE DISMUTASEAn antioxidant enzyme that is naturally present in skin. It can help support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin. It is used in topical medications for inflammatory skin conditions including atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis. There are three types of natural Superoxide Dismutase in human skin. The compound used in topical treatments and cosmetics are mimics of typically one of these natural variantsPRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS SEEDHelps soften the upper layer of the skinCERAMIDE 5SPHINGOLIPIDSSphingolipids are a group of lipids with a common chemical structure. Some of them are naturally present in skin and can be converted to ceramidesGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDSA type of lipids naturally present in skin. They can be converted to ceramides in skinGLUTATHIONEA peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skinGLUCOSE OXIDASEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinLACTOPEROXIDASEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In theory, could support healthy skin's microbiome, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingSH-POLYPEPTIDE-16A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCYANOCOBALAMINCan support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skinTETRADECYL AMINOBUTYROYLVALYLAMINOBUTYRIC UREA TRIFLUOROACETATEA peptide. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support skin's barrier function and might have some slight anti-aging effect through stimulating skin's own production of hyaluronic acidMELIA AZADIRACHTA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function due to the high linoleic acid contentHYDROLYZED JOJOBA PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinAMINOBUTYRIC ACIDHas been shown to support wound healing and skin barrier function when used topically in rats. Is likely to be effective in supporting skin's hydration and barrier function, but research for human skin is missing. Might have some anti-aging properties but the research is missingTETRAPEPTIDE-36A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-40A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SPROUT EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can help support the skin barrierPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-28HEXAPEPTIDE-42A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesKAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII EXTRACTA red algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant propertiesTRIPEPTIDE-13A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesAZELAOYL BIS-DIPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCYSTEINEMight help neutralize free radicals in skin and might be helpful against hyperpigmentationPSEUDOZYMA EPICOLA/CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OIL/GLUCOSE/MALT EXTRACT/SOYBEAN FLOUR/YEAST EXTRACT FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicalsISOSORBIDE DICAPRYLATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Early studies suggest that it can help strengthen the skin barrierACETYL SH-HEPTAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBIOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesMYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesN-PROLYL PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-56 ACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesNICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA HEXAPEPTIDE-40 SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCRITHMUM MARITIMUM CALLUS CULTURE FILTRATEA plant cell extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant propertiesCOPPER HEPTAPEPTIDE-14 PANTOTHENATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCYCLOTETRAPEPTIDE-24 AMINOCYCLOHEXANE CARBOXYLATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDECAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDECAPEPTIDE-22A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesFERULOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE SEED OILA plant oil with a high content of linoleic acid that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and helps strengthen the skin barrier. It is an excellent moisturizer. Might have an anti-oxidant effectC13-16 ISOPARAFFINIs mostly used to dissolve other ingredients. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might be comedogenic when used in high concentrationsFRAGARIA ANANASSA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinNICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA HEXAPEPTIDE-40 SH-POLYPEPTIDE-76A fusion peptide that combines peptides produced by human and plant cells. It might have anti-aging effect in skin and can help the skin moisturizationPOLYGLYCERYL-2 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED ALGAE EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSH-POLYPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesNICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA SH-POLYPEPTIDE-15 HEXAPEPTIDE-40OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin's barrier function due to its high content of linoleic acid. It also has anti-microbial propertiesFRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDESHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skinIMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT EXTRACTA plat extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layerLACTOBACILLUSA non-living ingredient made by fermentation with the bacteria Lactobacillus. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help reduce inflammation SARCOSINEHelps to enhance the penetration of other ingredients and attract water to the upper layer of the skinVITIS VINIFERA OILA great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant propertiesALTHAEA OFFICINALIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to reduce inflammationNIGELLA SATIVA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and support the skin's barrier due to the high content of linoleic acidVACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin, support the skin's barrier function and might help neutralize free radicalsHELIANTHUS ANNUUS HYBRID OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED CERAHelps soften the upper layer of the skinALCALIGENES POLYSACCHARIDESHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skinSH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesNICOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHELIANTHUS ANNUUS EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skinPRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS SEED EXTRACTAlmond extract (oil) - helps soften the upper layer of the skinLACTOBACILLUS FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might support the healthy skin microbiomeLAMINARIA OCHROLEUCA EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinPERSEA GRATISSIMA FRUIT EXTRACTCUCURBITA PEPO SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinMALUS DOMESTICA FRUIT EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinARGANIA SPINOSA SPROUT CELL EXTRACTPlant stem cell extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsPUNICA GRANATUM SEED EXTRACTLAMINARIA JAPONICA EXTRACTSeaweed extract that might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant propertiesMAGNESIUM CARBOXYMETHYL BETA-GLUCANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinEMU OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinSALICYLOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have anti-aging benefits but solid study data is lackingJUGLANS REGIA SEED OILHelps to soften the upper layer of the skinPENTAPEPTIDE-59GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinPHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROLHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might help reduce inflammation and support the barrier function. This compound is naturally present in animal and plant tissueTERMINALIA FERDINANDIANA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinBARLEY SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1CAMELINA SATIVA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinMAGNESIUM PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinMANGANESE PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Often used as a part of an ingredient complex Physiogenyl together with Sodium PCA, Magnesium PCA and Zinc PCA. The manufacturer claims that it does more than attracting water, but there is no evidence or studies supporting this claimSCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE EXTRACTA yeast extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skinPADINA PAVONICA EXTRACTAn algae extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSECALE CEREALE SEED EXTRACTRye seed extract. Helps soften the upper layer of the skinACETYL TYROSINAMIDEAn amino acid derivative. A manufacturer's study shows that it can help somewhat reduce wrinkles when used in combination with a low concentration of glycolic acid. No independent human in-vivo studies of this compound are availableDIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have anti-aging benefitsPENTAPEPTIDE-48A type of peptide. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have anti-aging benefits7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROLPro-vitamin D. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory effect in skin, but there is no research available confirming that this compound converts to vitamin D in skin or has any other benefits apart from softening the upper layer of the skin. This compound is different from the Vitamin D3 analogues used in medicine to treat psoriasisORNITHINEAn amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinARGANIA SPINOSA KERNEL OILAn emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Might have some weak anti-oxidant properties SACCHAROMYCES FERMENT LYSATE FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinMANGIFERA INDICA SEED BUTTERHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effectOCTYLDODECYL NEOPENTANOATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Often used to stabilize other ingredients, for example, sunscreenSACCHAROMYCES/XYLINUM/BLACK TEA FERMENTA fermented sweet black tea. There is no studies on particular benefits of this ingredient in skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, and might have some anti-oxidant effect. It is used in skincare for mostly marketing purposes because of the popularity of kombucha drinksBACILLUS FERMENTA product of bacterial fermentation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skinNIACINAMIDEIs proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moistureOLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesNONAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL OLIGOPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE NS DILAURATEPALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCAPROOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINEA component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinPALMITOYL SH-TRIPEPTIDE-4 AMIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesLAUROYL SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesMYRISTOYL NONAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-37A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE NGA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinACETYL DIPEPTIDE-1 CETYL ESTERA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesMYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE ASA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinCERAMIDE 1 AGLUCOSYL CERAMIDECERAMIDE EOSA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinDIPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE AGACETYL DECAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE 2A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinSH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-22A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE 1A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinOLIGOPEPTIDE-31A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDIPEPTIDE DIAMINOBUTYROYL BENZYLAMIDE DIACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE 6 IIA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesFERRIC HEXAPEPTIDE-35A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE APA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinTRIPEPTIDE-10 CITRULLINEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-30A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL DIPEPTIDE-5 DIAMINOBUTYROYL HYDROXYTHREONINESH-OCTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE 4MYRISTOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-16A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-56A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOCTAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE EOPA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinSH-POLYPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-32A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-41A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-12A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCOPPER PALMITOYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-14A synthetic peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles. Can help speed up wound healingTRIFLUOROACETYL TRIPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLEOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-31A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-48 HCLA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-24A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-35A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-14ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTRIPEPTIDE-32A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE NSA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinOLIGOPEPTIDE-34A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPENTAPEPTIDE-18A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDIPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL CYCLOHEXAPEPTIDE-34A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-30PHYTOSPHINGOSINEA type of lipid that is naturally present in skin. It might help in repairing skin barrier function and has anti-bacterial effectNIACINAMIDE/YEAST POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesARGININE/LYSINE POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXANOYL DIPEPTIDE-3 NORLEUCINE ACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE 3A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinPENTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-38A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDESCOPPER TRIPEPTIDE-1A naturally occurring peptide. One of the most studied peptides in dermatology. It is sometimes abbreviated GHK-Cu. Belongs to the class of carrier peptides. It stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen in skin. It is released in skin wounds and inflammation to support healing. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin and can stimulate hair growth. There are preliminary studies that confirm that copper tripeptide can help support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles and decrease inflammation in skin. ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-30A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCAPROOYL SPHINGOSINEA component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinHEPTAPEPTIDE-15 PALMITATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPENTAPEPTIDE-34 TRIFLUOROACETATEA type of peptide that works as a great moisturizer. It might also have some anti-aging effect and help neutralize free radicals in skinDIPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE NPA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinSH-POLYPEPTIDE-45A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-52A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL DIPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesASCORBIC ACID POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOCTAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-21A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-38A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-DECAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesGLUCOSYL CERAMIDE NPLINOLEIC ACIDAn excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged poresTRIPEPTIDE-29ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-38ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-49OLIGOPEPTIDE-9PALMITOYL DECAPEPTIDE-21PALMITOYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-18PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-14PALMITOYL SH-TRIPEPTIDE-5 NORISOLEUCYL SH-NONAPEPTIDE-1PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-50PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1 ACETATEPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-37PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-8PANTOTHENIC ACID/YEAST POLYPEPTIDEPENTAPEPTIDE-28PISUM SATIVUM PEPTIDERH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33SACCHAROMYCES POLYPEPTIDESSH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33SH-PENTAPEPTIDE-19SH-POLYPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-59SH-POLYPEPTIDE-7TETRAPEPTIDE-23TRIPEPTIDE-3TROLOXOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33VALPROOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33ZINC PALMITOYL NONAPEPTIDE-14N-ACETYL DIHYDROSPHINGOSINEACETYLPHYTOSPHINGOSINECERAMIDE NG DILAURATEPHYTOSPHINGOSINE GLYCOLATETETRAACETYLPHYTOSPHINGOSINETRIACETYL RETINOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINETRIMETHYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINE IODIDECOLLOIDAL OATMEAL EXTRACTHelps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammationRH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-17LACTOBACILLUS/KELP FERMENT FILTRATECHENOPODIUM QUINOA SEED EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin

Evens skin tone

1-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXENYL-1-PENTEN-3-ONEASCORBYL TETRAISOPALMITATEA vitamin C derivative. Studies show that is might be effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, but there are no studies confirming that it is effectively converted into the bioavailable form of Vitamin C in skin. It is not clear how this derivative compares in effectiveness to the topical application of bioavailable form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACTCan contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulationASCORBYL GLUCOSIDEA vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Has a potential to boost collagen production, nutralise free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in productsACETYL GLUCOSAMINEAn effective moisturizing ingredient that also has been shown to be effective in evening out the skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help somewhat reduce wrinkles in skinGLUCOSAMINE HCLMight be able to stimulate production of skin's natural moisturizing compounds such as hyaluronic acid. Could be helpful for evening the skin tone.GLYCINE SOJA SEED EXTRACTAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Might be somewhat helpful in evening the skin tone.GLYCOLIC ACIDAn alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acidGLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsLACTIC ACIDAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) N-HYDROXYSUCCINIMIDEIs claimed to be able to brighten skin tone by removing some blood-related pigmented compounds in skin (hemoglobin and related elements) but solid research is missing. Can be irritatingNIACINAMIDEIs proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisturePALMITOYL GRAPEVINE SHOOT EXTRACTAn extract from grape plant that can contain a potent antioxidant resveratrol. The manufacturer (Caudalie) claims that this particular extract is effective against hyperpigmentation. This effect would be explained by the resveratrol content. However, there is no independent research confirming the manufacturer's claim beside the potential for anti-oxidant activityPISUM SATIVUM EXTRACTMight be helpful in protecting skin collagen and elastin from breaking down but solid research is lackingMAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATEA derivative of vitamin C that is more stable, but less bioavailable than the pure form of vitamin C. It does not penetrate the skin well, but has been shown to convert to pure vitamin C once in skin. It can be helpful in stimulating collagen production and lightening the skin tone, but the required concentration is likely to be very highSTEARYL GLYCYRRHETINATEA fatty acid derived from licorice. Works as an emollient and can help calm down inflammationDIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATEA salt derived from licorice. Works as an emollient to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help calm down inflammation. Might be helpful for skin lighteningGLYCYRRHETINIC ACIDActive compound of licorice root. Works to calm down inflammation, as an anti-oxidant, and might be helpful in lightening the skin and reducing hyperpigmentationAMINOPROPYL ASCORBYL PHOSPHATEA more stable but less potent derivative of vitamin C. It can help neautralize free radicals and even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration (required levels are likely to be much higher than for pure vitamin C, and solid studies are lacking at the moment)RETINYL PALMITATEThree steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effectHYDROXYPINACOLONE RETINOATEA derivative of the most potent form of vitamin A, retinoic acid. The ingredient can be sold under name Granactive Retinoid. Note that if a skincare brand discloses the concentration of Granactive Retinoid in a product, the concentration refers to a diluted form of Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate: 1% of Granactive Retinoid corresponds to 0.1% of Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate. Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate (HPR) is a unique derivative of retinoic acid because it can directly work in the skin and does not require additional conversion steps. According to studies done by the manufacturer on models of human skin (not real people), this derivative is more effective than other cosmetic versions of retinoids (such as retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinyl palmitate), and, at the same time, causes less irritation. It has been also demonstrated to be more stable than retinol which makes formulating with easier and increases the chances that a product with it will maintain its effectiveness after opening. The packaging should still ideally be air-tight. HPR is available over the counter in the EU, UK, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, but is only with a prescription in Canada.MORUS BOMBYCIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain arbutin, a compound that has skin-lightening properties. Might have some anti-oxidant activity. Is unlikely to be effective though in the concentrations typically used in skincare productsTRAMETES VERSICOLOR EXTRACTA mushroom extract that might have some skin-lightening and moisturizing properties, but solid research is lacking. It is unlikely to be effective in the concentration used in skincare productsDIMETHOXYTOLYL PROPYLRESORCINOLCan help reduce hyperpigmentation and lighten skin, but additional research is needed to test its effectiveness on human skinHYDROLYZED RICE BRAN EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain an active compound orthosilicic acid that could be helpful to regulate the level of pigment in skin, but solid research is lackingLACTOBACILLUS/PUMPKIN FERMENT EXTRACTAn enzyme-based exfoliantVITIS VINIFERA JUICE EXTRACTContains AHAs that exfoliate the upper layer of the skin. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin due to the sugar contentPHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and have a skin lightening effect if used in high enough concentrationsLACTOBACILLUS/PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT FERMENT EXTRACTAn enzyme-based exfoliantFERULIC ACIDA potent anti-oxidant that has been shown to be effective in neutralizing free radicals in skin. There seem to have a synergetic effect of ferulic acid, vitamin E and C, meaning that when the ingredients are used together, they enhance each other's ability protect the skin against free radicals. Ferulic acid also helps to stabilize other ingredients - including vitamins C and E. It can help to even out the skin tone. Ferulic acid is approved for use as a sunscreen ingredient in Japan in concentrations up to 10% TETRAHYDROBISDEMETHOXYDIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritatingTETRAHYDRODEMETHOXYDIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). Is a part of the tetrahydrocurcuminoids complex (THC). The complex might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritatingTETRAHYDRODIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). Is a part of the tetrahydrocurcuminoids complex (THC). The complex might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritatingNELUMBO NUCIFERA EXTRACTMight be somewhat helpful in protecting elastin in skin and evening skin tone, but good research is lacking. Contains fragrant components and can be irritating. TAURINECould be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin, evening out the skin tone and neutralizing free radicals, but more research is needed to confirm its effectivenessYEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skinMORUS NIGRA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and have some skin-lightening effect, but good evidence is missingLACTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity TETRAHEXYLDECYL ASCORBATEBeing a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective. ALANINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lackingGLUCONOLACTONEA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsGLYCINE SOJA PROTEINA plant extract that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it. It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. It might be somewhat helpful for evening out the skin tone. It might be able to support elastin production but solid research is lackingHYDROLYZED SOY PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-aging, anti-oxidant, and skin lightening properties, but solid evidence is missingZINC GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skinMALTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is genter than AHAs. In addition, it helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsPUNICA GRANATUM EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out the skin tone, but is typically used in products in a concentration that is too low to be effectiveCHRYSINMight be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles, as well as lightening the skin, but solid evidence is missing. Could somewhat help in reducing the darkness of the under-eye area. Helps to neutralise free radicals in skinELLAGIC ACIDCan help neutralize free radicals in skin. It can help prevent and treat hyperpigmentation and even out the skin toneORCHID LEAF/ROOT/STEM EXTRACTA plant extract that can help even out skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation when used in high concentrationPINUS PINASTER BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingETHYL LINOLEATEHelps reduce acne and blemishes. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce inflammation. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lackingHYDROXYPHENOXY PROPIONIC ACIDHelps reduce hypepigmentation and even out the skin toneRESVERATROLHelps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, as well as even out the skin toneMANDELIC ACIDHelps shed the upper layer of dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. It has anti-bacterial properties, and might help to reduce blemishes, as well as fine lines and wrinkles. It is considered to be gentler than glycolic acidGLUCONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsCERATONIA SILIQUA FRUIT EXTRACTPlant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingGALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked poresMORUS ALBA BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might have anti-oxidant properties and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence is lackingLACTOBACILLUS/PORTULACA OLERACEA FERMENT EXTRACTObtained from fermenting a plant extract with bacteria Lactobacillus. The resulting compound might be able to calm down inflammation and have some anti-oxidant properties, but solid evidence is missingRETINYL PROPIONATEThree steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, even thought its potency is not as well established as in case of retinol or retinaldehyde3-GLYCERYL ASCORBATEA moisturizing vitamin C derivative. It is considered to be one of the most stable ones. It is effective in neutralizing free radicals and can help to even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration3-O-ETHYL ASCORBIC ACIDA vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Can help neutralize free radicals and help reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in productsUNDECYLENOYL PHENYLALANINEAn amino-acid based compound that is effective in reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help lighten sun spots and support more even skin tone. PRUNUS MUME FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have an anti-oxidant effect and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence of effectiveness is lackingCAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAFGreen tea leaf powder that might contain antioxidants to help neutralize free radicals in skinMADECASSOSIDEAn antioxidant that is typically derived from plant Centella Asiatica. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and support skin barrier function. It could, however, itself be irritating. It is often unstable in formulationsNIACINA form of vitamin B3. It is similar in action to niacinamide, but is more likely to cause red flashes in skin as the side effectBAKUCHIOLA plant extract that is, though different in chemical structure, acts similar to retinoids. First studies show that it can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone, reduce clogged pores and blemishes, and reduce inflammation. There is no conclusive evidence that bakuchiol is as effective as retinol however. The study that directly compared retinol with bakuchiol used bakuchiol applied twice daily compared to once per day for the retinol. According to this study, bakuchiol is less irritating than retinol. Bakuchiol is extracted from seeds of Babchi plant. Other parts of the plant contain coumarins that could cause allergic and irritant reactions. These compounds should be removed in the extraction process when bakuchiol is produced, but it is a good idea to be cautious and stay away from products that include the Babchi plant extracts other than purified bakuchiol to avoid irritationADAPALENEA retinoid that is effective against acne and keratosis pilaris. It can also help reduce signs of aging (fine lines, wrinkles, loss of elasticity) and can improve skin toneAZELAIC ACIDIs produced by a yeast that lives on normal human skin. It is used in medicine as a topical treatment for mild to moderate acne. It has a mild exfoliating effect. It can also help reduce hyperpigmentation, helps calm down inflammation and can help neutralize free radicalsTRANEXAMIC ACIDAn amino acid that is effective in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin toneHEXYLRESORCINOLMight be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals in skinPHENYLETHYL RESORCINOLMight help reduce hyperpigmentation in skin and help neutralize free radicalsCAPRYLOYL SALICYLIC ACIDKOJIC ACIDHelps to reduce hyperpigmentation and neutralize free radicals. Can be irritatingRETINYL LINOLEATEAn ester of a retinoid and linoleic acid. Three steps removed from the bioactive form of retinoid, retinoic acid. Once converted to retinoic acid in skin, it can help reduce wrinkles, stimulate collagen production, even out skin tone and reduce blemishes. The concentrations used in cosmetic products are often not high enough to have a positive effect in skin. NARCISSUS TAZETTA BULB EXTRACTMight contain compounds called dormins that in theory could help lighten skin and reduce hyperpigmentation, but solid research is lackingGLYCYRRHIZA INFLATA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsBIFIDA FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effectPOLYPODIUM LEUCOTOMOS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be effective in helping boost skin's ability to protect against UV radiation and reduce hyperpigmentation when taken orally. No conclusive evidence for its effectiveness and effective concentration in topical applicationALPHA-ARBUTINMight help reduce hyperpigmentation when used regularly over a long period of time. Is more effective than beta-arbutinVIGNA RADIATA SEED EXTRACTBean extract that in theory might help to reduce hyperpigmentation, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are missingGLYCYRRHIZA URALENSIS ROOT EXTRACTLicorice root extract. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentationALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BARK/SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BRANCH/LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingPANCRATIUM MARITIMUM EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. It might help reduce hyperpigmentationEMBLICA OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might be helping in neutralizing free radicals in skin. It could help reduce hyperpigmentation. There is some research to confirm its effectiveness in skinPAEONIA LACTIFLORA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the research on its effectiveness in skin is lackingPOTASSIUM AZELOYL DIGLYCINATEA derivative of azelaic acid. It is obtained by reacting the chloride of azelaic acid with two molecules of glycine (an amino acid) and potassium hydroxide. It is less studied than azelaic acid, but the available research suggests that it also can be effective in reducing skin redness, hyperpigmentation and blemishes. There are claims that it is more bio-available and more effective than azelaic acid, but no comparison study is available. Potassium azeloyl diglycinate is better soluble in water compared with azelaic acid. Because of this property, products with potassium azeloyl digclycinate can have a nicer textureGLUTATHIONEA peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skinISOQUERCITRINAntioxidant that might help reduce free radicals and reduce melanin production, but more research is needed to understand if it is effective in skinSALICYLIC ACIDUsed for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)CYSTEINEMight help neutralize free radicals in skin and might be helpful against hyperpigmentationDIMETHYLMETHOXY CHROMANYL PALMITATEAn oil-soluble compound that has been shown in laboratory studies (in a petri dish, not on human volunteers) to inhibit melanin production in skin and help even out the skin tone. More research is needed to understand if it works in real lifeTretinoinBioavailable form of Vitamin A that is the most effective known topical ingredients for reducing wrinkles, improving skin firmness, treating acne, as well as hyperpigmentation. It is not available over-the counter in many countries, including US and UKPOTASSIUM METHOXYSALICYLATECan help reduce hyperpigmentationEPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATEA polyphenol found in tea. This particular compound abbreviated EGCG is the most powerful antioxidant among those extracted from tea (usually green tea). Unfortunately, EGCG is unstable, requires a low pH (below 4) to prevent quick degradation, and does not penetrate the skin very well. This is why the full anti-oxidant effect of EGCG is typically not realized when it is added to topical skincareARBUTINBeta-arbutin. Can help to reduce hyperpigmentation and has an anti-oxidant effect when used in high enough concentration. Is less effective compared to alpha-arbutinRETINYL RETINOATEA "hybrid" of retinol and retinoic acid. It is more stable than retinol and is likely to be more effective based on the early research data available. Is as irritating as retinolRETINALOne step removed from the biologically active in skin form of vitamin A. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinal is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. Concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% are shown to be effective. It can, however, be irritatingRETINOLTwo steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritatingASCORBIC ACIDThe most well-researched antioxidant that works in skin. Helps neutralize free radicals supporting collagen production, helping to even out the skin tone and preventing early signs of agingISOBUTYLAMIDO THIAZOLYL RESORCINOLSometimes referred to as Thiamidol (patented by Beiersdorf). A compound that can reduce melanin production in skin. Can help to fade pigmentation spots quicker and even out the skin tone. It is a relatively new compound and the research on it is ongoing. The first studies show that it might be as effective in reducing hyperpigmentation as hydroquinone but with fewer side effectsHYDROQUINONECOPPER GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missingRESVERATROL DIMETHYL ETHERA more stable derivative of anti-oxidant resveratrol. There is not enough research to confirm its efficacy in skinASPERGILLUS FERMENTAn extract from fungus (mold) that typically appears on rice. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, might help neutralize free radicals and possibly somewhat reduce hyperpigmentation