What's In My Jar

Dimethicone

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In 1077 skincare routines

Summary

Works for

  • Moisturizing
  • Mattifying

Irritancy risk

1
Low

A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish

Products with Dimethicone

Kate Somerville - +Retinol Vita C Power Serum Firming and Brightening TreatmentKate Somerville+Retinol Vita C Power Serum Firming and Brightening Treatment
Vitamin Cretinolhexapeptide-2 +9 actives
Anti-aging Moisturizing +4
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belif - Aqua Bomb Calming & Soothing Frozen Gel CreambelifAqua Bomb Calming & Soothing Frozen Gel Cream
copper tripeptide-1panthenolcaffeine +11 actives
Moisturizing Anti-aging +1
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Derma: B - Everyday Sun Block SPF 50Derma: BEveryday Sun Block SPF 50
madecassosideAvobenzonedimethicone +3 actives
Sun protection Moisturizing +3
Fragrance
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LANEIGE - Bouncy Firm Sleeping MaskLANEIGEBouncy Firm Sleeping Mask
acetyl tetrapeptide-2adenosinecholesterol +12 actives
Anti-aging Moisturizing
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La Roche-Posay - HYALU B5 SURACTIVATED CREAMLa Roche-PosayHYALU B5 SURACTIVATED CREAM
adenosinecapryloyl salicylic acidpanthenol +6 actives
Anti-aging Moisturizing +2
Alcohol
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Paula's choice - Oil Control Lotion SPF 30Paula's choiceOil Control Lotion SPF 30
niacinamideretinyl palmitatedimethicone +4 actives
Moisturizing Anti-blemish +3
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COSRX - Derma Water Barrier MoisturizerCOSRXDerma Water Barrier Moisturizer
niacinamideceramide npceramide eop +11 actives
Moisturizing Anti-aging +2
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Estée Lauder - Revitalizing Supreme+ Bright Radiance Power Soft Milky Lotion MoisturizerEstée LauderRevitalizing Supreme+ Bright Radiance Power Soft Milky Lotion Moisturizer
ascorbyl glucosideacetyl hexapeptide-8acetyl glucosamine +13 actives
Anti-aging Moisturizing +3
Fragrance
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RéVive - Full-Size Moisturizing Renewal Serum GiftRéViveFull-Size Moisturizing Renewal Serum Gift
oligopeptide-24bisabololcaprylic/capric triglyceride +11 actives
Moisturizing Anti-oxidation +2
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RéVive Skincare - Lissant Line-Smoothing Neck SerumRéVive SkincareLissant Line-Smoothing Neck Serum
niacinamideacetyl hexapeptide-8dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate +8 actives
Evens skin tone Anti-aging +2
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Scientific sources

Similar ingredients

Moisturizing

ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-15A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDES OILAn emollient. Is unlikely to have additional benefits for the skin SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATEIs naturally present in skin. Helps to attract water to its upper layerACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHYDROGENATED SUNFLOWER SEED OILPENTAERYTHRITYL TETRACAPRYLATE/TETRACAPRATEAn emollient that helps soften the skinPENTAPEPTIDE-18A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPENTAPEPTIDE-28CHENOPODIUM QUINOA SEED OILA plant oil that contains a high percentage of linoleic acid. It softens the upper layer of the skin and can help strengthen the skin barrierCHENOPODIUM QUINOA SEED EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skinPENTAPEPTIDE-34 TRIFLUOROACETATEA type of peptide that works as a great moisturizer. It might also have some anti-aging effect and help neutralize free radicals in skinPENTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPENTAPEPTIDE-48A type of peptide. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have anti-aging benefitsCETYLHYDROXYPROLINE PALMITAMIDEA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinPENTAPEPTIDE-59VITIS VINIFERA OILA great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant propertiesHYDROLYZED ALGAE EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinPERSEA GRATISSIMA FRUIT EXTRACTPERSEA GRATISSIMA OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin and could be helpful in repairing its barrier functionHYDROLYZED COLLAGENA typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skinPERSEA GRATISSIMA OIL UNSAPONIFIABLESHelps soften the upper layer of the skinPETROLATUMOne of the most effective and the most studied occlusive ingredients that creates a protective layer on top of the skin preventing moisture lossHEXAPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXANOYL DIPEPTIDE-3 NORLEUCINE ACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEPTAPEPTIDE-15 PALMITATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHYDROLYZED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANSLong sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skinHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SPROUT EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can help support the skin barrierHYDROLYZED HYALURONIC ACIDOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. A version of it is naturally present in skinCETYL DIMETHICONEA type of silicone. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice, light product textureHYDROLYZED JOJOBA ESTERSHelps soften the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED JOJOBA PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED LINSEED EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skinHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED WAXHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function while creating a thicker product consistencyHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OIL UNSAPONIFIABLESA great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier functionHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OILA great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier functionHELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED CERAHelps soften the upper layer of the skinHELIANTHUS ANNUUS HYBRID OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED SODIUM HYALURONATEAttracts water into the upper layer of the skinHELIANTHUS ANNUUS EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skinACETYL SH-HEPTAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHALIDRYS SILIQUOSA EXTRACTExtract from large brown algae that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skinHYDROLYZED YEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening propertiesGUAIAZULENEA blue-colored ingredient that is traditionally used as a colorant. It has anti-inflammatory properties. For example, it is successfully used to treat diaper rash for new borns. It can help support the skin barrier by reducing inflammationPHENYL TRIMETHICONEA type of silicone that can decrease loss of moisture from the skin surface. It helps create a nice product textureGRIFOLA FRONDOSA FRUITING BODY EXTRACTMushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to stimulate sebum production in skinHYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINONEAn analogue of coenzyme Q10 that has a lower molecular weight, which can improve its ability to penetrate the skin. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergenAVENA SATIVA KERNEL EXTRACTAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant propertiesATELOCOLLAGENA protein that helps to attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinklesPHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROLHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might help reduce inflammation and support the barrier function. This compound is naturally present in animal and plant tissueSUPEROXIDE DISMUTASEAn antioxidant enzyme that is naturally present in skin. It can help support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin. It is used in topical medications for inflammatory skin conditions including atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis. There are three types of natural Superoxide Dismutase in human skin. The compound used in topical treatments and cosmetics are mimics of typically one of these natural variantsHYDROXYETHYL UREAA derivative of urea, a compound that is naturally present in skin. Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Can enhance penetration of other ingredientsCERAMIDE NS DILAURATEPHYTOSPHINGOSINEA type of lipid that is naturally present in skin. It might help in repairing skin barrier function and has anti-bacterial effectHYDROXYPALMITOYL SPHINGANINEA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinGLYCOSYL TREHALOSEGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDSA type of lipids naturally present in skin. They can be converted to ceramides in skinHYDROXYPROLINEIs helpful in restoring skin barrier function supporting its moisture levels. Is claimed to stimulte collagen production in skin but evidence is lackingGLYCOSAMINOGLYCANSLong sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skinPHYTOSPHINGOSINE GLYCOLATEPHYTOSTEROLSLipids that work as an emollient and can be helpful in repairing skin barrier functionHYDROXYPROPYL BISPALMITAMIDE MEAPHYTOSTERYL MACADAMIATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skinCERAMIDE NSA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinHYDROXYPROPYL TETRAHYDROPYRANTRIOLA sugar-derived compound that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to stimulate synthesis of skin's own moisturizing factors, but solid research is lacking. It could be irritatingPHYTOSTERYL/OCTYLDODECYL LAUROYL GLUTAMATEA mix of amino acids and plant-based lipids. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss over timeCERAMIDE NPA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinACETYL OCTAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL HYDROXYPROLINEAn amino-acid that can support ceramides production in skin and reduce water-lossPIPTADENIA COLUBRINA PEEL EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Preliminary research has shown that the extract contains chemicals that might be able to support skin hydration in other ways, but the evidence is lackingGLYCOPROTEINSHIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES OILA good emollient. Contains various ingredients including vitamins and fatty acids that could work in the skin to neutralize free radicals and minimize moisture loss - if enough of these compounds is able to penetrate the skin in an active form. HISTIDINEHISTIDINE HCLA salt of an amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in restoring the skin barrier functionHEXAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTREHALOSEA sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skinHEXAPEPTIDE-48 HCLA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHYALURONIC ACIDOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammationHEXAPEPTIDE-42A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesHEXAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesALLANTOINHelps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydratedTREMELLA FUCIFORMIS SPOROCARP EXTRACTMushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinHYDROGENATED JOJOBA OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinVINYL DIMETHICONEA type of silicone that helps to create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skinTRIACETYL RETINOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINEACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE 5CERAMIDE 4CERAMIDE 3A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinOCTYLDODECYL NEOPENTANOATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Often used to stabilize other ingredients, for example, sunscreenOENOTHERA BIENNIS OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionDIGLYCERINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinCERAMIDE 2A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinSECALE CEREALE SEED EXTRACTRye seed extract. Helps soften the upper layer of the skinSQUALENEAn oil that is naturally part of skin sebum that helps to soften its upper layer, reduce water loss and neutralize free radicals. It might be comedogenic. Avoid applying large concentrations (or pure oil) before sun exposure as oxidized squalene can clog pores and lead to skin irritation. Today squalene is mostly derived from vegetable oils or synthetized by yeastOLEOYL DIPEPTIDE-15A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLEOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-31A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSERINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinklesBORAGO OFFICINALIS SEED OILA plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydrationARTEMIA EXTRACTZooplankton extract that can attract water to the upper level of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effectTERMINALIA FERDINANDIANA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinTETRAACETYLPHYTOSPHINGOSINETETRADECYL AMINOBUTYROYLVALYLAMINOBUTYRIC UREA TRIFLUOROACETATEA peptide. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support skin's barrier function and might have some slight anti-aging effect through stimulating skin's own production of hyaluronic acidARGININE/LYSINE POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesARGININE PCAAn amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals in skinSESAMUM INDICUM SEED EXTRACTPlant oil that due to its high content of linoleic acid can help support skin's barrier function improving its hydrationSESAMUM INDICUM SEED OILA good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function SH-DECAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-OCTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss from its surfaceSH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33ARGININE HCLAn amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skinSH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBIOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-PENTAPEPTIDE-19SH-POLYPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBIOSACCHARIDE GUM-1Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and is claimed to provide a longer-lasting hydration because of its ability to create a water-binding film on the surface of the skinSH-POLYPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-16A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-24A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDEXTRANHelps attract water to the most upper layer of the skin. Derived from sugarOLIGOPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-30A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-31A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDECAPEPTIDE-22A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-32A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDECAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-34A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCYSTEINEMight help neutralize free radicals in skin and might be helpful against hyperpigmentationOLIGOPEPTIDE-35A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS EXTRACTHelps skin moisturization by attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties but research confirming effectiveness in skin is lackingOLIGOPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCYCLOTETRAPEPTIDE-24 AMINOCYCLOHEXANE CARBOXYLATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-41A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOLIGOPEPTIDE-68A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCYCLOMETHICONEA type of silicone that leaves a nice silky finish on the skin and can help soften its upper layerOLIGOPEPTIDE-9SH-POLYPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBIFIDA FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effectSH-POLYPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-22A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBETAINEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product textureSH-POLYPEPTIDE-45A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBETA-SITOSTEROLA phytosterol that can support skin's barrier function and help the skin stay hydratedSH-POLYPEPTIDE-59SH-POLYPEPTIDE-7CYANOCOBALAMINCan support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skinCUCURBITA PEPO SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinOPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin's barrier function due to its high content of linoleic acid. It also has anti-microbial propertiesCUCUMIS SATIVUS OILA plant oil that works as a great moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Due to the high linoleic acid content, can help reduce inflammation in skinORBIGNYA OLEIFERA SEED OILA plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in calming down inflammation in skinORNITHINEAn amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinORYZA SATIVA BRAN OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant propertiesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesBETA-GLUCANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinklesSH-POLYPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPADINA PAVONICA EXTRACTAn algae extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinCRITHMUM MARITIMUM CALLUS CULTURE FILTRATEA plant cell extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant propertiesARGININEAn amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skinARGANIA SPINOSA SPROUT CELL EXTRACTPlant stem cell extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in neutralizing free radicalsARGANIA SPINOSA KERNEL OILAn emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Might have some weak anti-oxidant properties APHANIZOMENON FLOS-AQUAE EXTRACTAn extract from ablue-green algae. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to neutralize free radicalsTETRAPEPTIDE-14SHOREA ROBUSTA SEED BUTTERHelps to softent the upper layer of the skinSHOREA STENOPTERA SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier functionTETRAPEPTIDE-21A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMARIA PALMATA EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skinSIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED EXTRACTPlant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skinSIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED OILSoftens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air. CORALLINA OFFICINALIS EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might contain antioxidantsPALMITOYL DECAPEPTIDE-21COPPER TRIPEPTIDE-1A naturally occurring peptide. One of the most studied peptides in dermatology. It is sometimes abbreviated GHK-Cu. Belongs to the class of carrier peptides. It stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen in skin. It is released in skin wounds and inflammation to support healing. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin and can stimulate hair growth. There are preliminary studies that confirm that copper tripeptide can help support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles and decrease inflammation in skin. PALMITOYL DIPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCOPPER PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinCOPPER PALMITOYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-14A synthetic peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles. Can help speed up wound healingPALMITOYL DIPEPTIDE-5 DIAMINOBUTYROYL HYDROXYTHREONINESISYMBRIUM IRIO SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could help reduce inflammation due to high content of linolenic acidCOPPER HEPTAPEPTIDE-14 PANTOTHENATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-18PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-12A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCOPPER GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missingPALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-14PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-19A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCOPERNICIA CERIFERA WAXHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-52A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSNAIL SECRETION FILTRATETypically contains hyaluronic acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might contain allantoin that is helpful in calming down inflammation. There is no evidence that it can have any further benefits for the skin, especially when used in skincare productsBEESWAXForms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergenPALMITOYL OLIGOPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCOLLOIDAL OATMEAL EXTRACTHelps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammationPALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL PROLINEAn amino-acid that helps attract watet to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-aging propertiesCOLLOIDAL OATMEALHelps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammationPALMITOYL SH-TRIPEPTIDE-4 AMIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL SH-TRIPEPTIDE-5 NORISOLEUCYL SH-NONAPEPTIDE-1COLLAGEN AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and support the skin barrier functionPALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-50PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1 ACETATEPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-28COCOS NUCIFERA OILAn emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenicCOCOS NUCIFERA FRUIT EXTRACTAn emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenicPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-37PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-38A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-56A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-8SODIUM ACETYLATED HYALURONATEA type of hyaluronic acid that works as an excellent moisturizer by attracting water into the upper layer of the skin. Is typically feels less sticky on the skin compared to the usual hyaluronic acidCITRULLINEAn amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinPANTETHINEHelps to hydrate the skin by improving its barrier funcitonCHONDRUS CRISPUS EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistencyPANTHENOLHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier functionPANTHENYL ETHYL ETHERHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier functionPANTHENYL TRIACETATEA stable oil-soluble derivative of vitamin B5. It can help support skin barrier and reduce inflammation in skinCHONDRUS CRISPUSRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistencyPANTOLACTONEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinPANTOTHENIC ACIDHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and may help reduce inflammation in skinCHOLESTEROLAn emollient that is naturally found in skinPANTOTHENIC ACID/YEAST POLYPEPTIDEPARACHLORELLA BEIJERINCKII EXOPOLYSACCHARIDESCompounds extracted from green algae that could help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skincare products (topical applicaiton) is missing. Helps moisturize the skin by attracting water to its upper layer PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUMOne of the most effective and well studied occlusive and emollient moisturizing ingredients. Helps reduce moisture loss in skin and repair skin barrier functionTETRAPEPTIDE-23ANHYDROXYLITOLHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrir functionTETRAPEPTIDE-30PASSIFLORA EDULIS SEED OILA good emollient helping to soften the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Adds a fragrance to the productPCANaturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layerBARLEY SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1TETRAPEPTIDE-36A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-38A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTETRAPEPTIDE-40A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesAMINOBUTYRIC ACIDHas been shown to support wound healing and skin barrier function when used topically in rats. Is likely to be effective in supporting skin's hydration and barrier function, but research for human skin is missing. Might have some anti-aging properties but the research is missingTETRAPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesPEG-10 DIMETHICONEA silicone that works to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce its water loss TETRAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesALTHAEA OFFICINALIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to reduce inflammationTHEOBROMA CACAO SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effectTHEOBROMA GRANDIFLORUM SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and might as well help to attract moisture to its upper layerUREANaturally present in skin (urea makes up about 7% of natural moisturizing factors in skin). Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Also has a positive effect on the skin barrier beyond the humectant action. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients. Is an exfoliating ingredient when used in high concentrationsAHNFELTIOPSIS CONCINNA EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinAHNFELTIA CONCINNA EXTRACTAn algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Also used to create a thicker product textureALTEROMONAS FERMENT EXTRACTA marine extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory properties but research is lackingALPHA-GLUCAN OLIGOSACCHARIDEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinTHERMUS THERMOPHILLUS FERMENTMight be helpful in neutralising free radicals in skin and have some hydration propertiesSTEARYL DIMETHICONEHelps soften the upper layer of the skinTHREONINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinklesPEG/PPG-18/18 DIMETHICONEA silicone that mixes with water creating nice light-weight product textureVACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin, support the skin's barrier function and might help neutralize free radicalsSUCROSECan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In crystal form, it can work as a gentle exfoliant, gentler than the salt scrub. Helps stabilize the emulsionADANSONIA DIGITATA OILBaobab oil. Helps soften the upper layer of the skinVACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED OILA plant oil that can help neutralize free radicals, soften the upper layer of the skin, and support skin's barrier functionACETYLPHYTOSPHINGOSINESODIUM PCANaturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layerACETYL TYROSINAMIDEAn amino acid derivative. A manufacturer's study shows that it can help somewhat reduce wrinkles when used in combination with a low concentration of glycolic acid. No independent human in-vivo studies of this compound are availableVALPROOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33ACETYL DECAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesGLYCOGENHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinGLYCINE SOJA STEROLSAn emollient that helps soften the skinIMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT EXTRACTA plat extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layerINOSITOLINULINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is claimed to support the growth of "good" bacteria in skin (as a "prebiotic"), but the research is lackingPISTACIA VERA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinCERAMIDE NG DILAURATEPISUM SATIVUM PEPTIDECERAMIDE NGA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinCERAMIDE EOSA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinCERAMIDE EOPA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinPLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS SEED OILA plant oil that works as a good moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin and reducing blemishes due to the large content of linoleic acidACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesASTROCARYUM MURUMURU SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could be comedogenic due to the myrisic acid contentISOCETYL STEARATEAn emollient that helps soften the skinASPARTIC ACIDAn amino-acid that helps increase skin hydration and might help to slightly improve skin firmness, potentially reducing lines and wrinklesSYNTHETIC BEESWAXHelps soften the upper layer of the skinASPARAGOPSIS ARMATA EXTRACTRed seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effectACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-49VITIS VINIFERA SEED OILA great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant propertiesISOLEUCINEAn amino acid that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier functionISOMALTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinACETYL CYCLOHEXAPEPTIDE-34A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesROSA CANINA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might have anti-oxidant properties. Might help reduce inflammation in skin and help against blemishesACER SACCHARUM SAP EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinISOPROPYL MYRISTATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Could be comedogenicOLIGOPEPTIDES7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROLPro-vitamin D. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory effect in skin, but there is no research available confirming that this compound converts to vitamin D in skin or has any other benefits apart from softening the upper layer of the skin. This compound is different from the Vitamin D3 analogues used in medicine to treat psoriasisISOSORBIDE DICAPRYLATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Early studies suggest that it can help strengthen the skin barrierTRIETHYLHEXANOINHelps soften the upper layer of the skinTRIFLUOROACETYL TRIPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles3-GLYCERYL ASCORBATEA moisturizing vitamin C derivative. It is considered to be one of the most stable ones. It is effective in neutralizing free radicals and can help to even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentrationTRIHEPTANOINA synthetic triglyceride. Helps soften the upper layer of the skinASIATICOSIDEAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid), asiaticoside has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritatingASIATIC ACIDAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (asiaticoside, madecasosside and madecassic acid) asiatic acid has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritatingSOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM SEED OILA good emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and, due to the high linoleic acid content, can support the skin's barrier functionBACILLUS FERMENTA product of bacterial fermentation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skinSOLUBLE COLLAGENA typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skinASCORBIC ACID POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM EXTRACTBrown seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effectJOJOBA ALCOHOLJOJOBA ESTERSAn emollient made of jojoba oil. Helps soften the skin and support its barrier functionJUGLANS REGIA SEED OILHelps to soften the upper layer of the skinKAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII EXTRACTA red algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant propertiesGLYCINE SOJA OILA good emollient that helps soften the skin and helps repair its barrier functionLACTIC ACIDAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) LACTOBACILLUSA non-living ingredient made by fermentation with the bacteria Lactobacillus. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help reduce inflammation GLYCINEHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier functionLACTOBACILLUS FERMENTA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservativeLACTOBACILLUS FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might support the healthy skin microbiomeLACTOBACILLUS/ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA LEAF FERMENT FILTRATEFermented bamboo. Is used to create a nice product texture. Might have some antioxidant effectLACTOBACILLUS/KELP FERMENT FILTRATELACTOBACILLUS/RICE FERMENT FILTRATEA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus out of rice. The fermented product helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lackingLACTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity GLYCERYL GLUCOSIDECan help to restore skin barrier function and soften its upper layerLACTOCOCCUS FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skinGLYCERYL ACRYLATE/ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMERHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and provide a longer-lasting hydration. Can create a thicker product consistencyLACTOPEROXIDASEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In theory, could support healthy skin's microbiome, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingGLYCERINOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectantGLUTATHIONEA peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skinLAMINARIA JAPONICA EXTRACTSeaweed extract that might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant propertiesLAMINARIA OCHROLEUCA EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinLAMINARIA SACCHARINA EXTRACTA seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrations2-OLEAMIDO-1,3-OCTADECANEDIOLHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and slow down the water loss over timeXYLITYLGLUCOSIDEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrier functionYEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skinACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-38TRIMETHYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINE IODIDEPOLYGLUTAMIC ACIDHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. POLYGLYCERIN-3Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinLANOLINSebum of wool-bearing animals (most commonly sheep). Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce the skin water loss. In rare cases could be an allergen. Not suitable for vegansCERAMIDE 1 ACERAMIDE 1A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinLANOLIN OILSebum of wool-bearing animals (most commonly sheep). Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce the skin water loss. In rare cases could be an allergen. Not suitable for vegansTRIOLEINHelps soften the upper layer of the skinACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-37A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTRIPEPTIDE-10ALGAE EXTRACTPlant extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but research is not extensive yetTRIPEPTIDE-10 CITRULLINEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesTRIPEPTIDE-13A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesALEURITES MOLUCCANUS SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinSODIUM HYALURONATEOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skinSODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMERAttracts water into the upper layer of the skinTRIPEPTIDE-29ALCALIGENES POLYSACCHARIDESHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skinTRIPEPTIDE-3TRIPEPTIDE-32A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles10-HYDROXYDECANOIC ACIDHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and slow down the water loss from its surfaceACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-30A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERA MICROCRISTALLINAHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss from its surface and create a thicker product consistencyPRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS SEEDHelps soften the upper layer of the skinPRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS SEED EXTRACTAlmond extract (oil) - helps soften the upper layer of the skinCERA ALBAForms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergenPRUNUS ARMENIACA KERNEL OILAn emollient that helps soften the skinCENTELLA ASIATICA LEAF CELL EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. It can be irritating to sensitive skin. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It could, however, itself be irritating.PSEUDOZYMA EPICOLA/CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OIL/GLUCOSE/MALT EXTRACT/SOYBEAN FLOUR/YEAST EXTRACT FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicalsCENTELLA ASIATICA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though. ZEA MAYS OILA good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function POLYGLYCERYL-2 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skinPUNICA GRANATUM SEED EXTRACTCENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though. GLUTAMIC ACIDAn amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinCARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE SEED OILA plant oil with a high content of linoleic acid that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and helps strengthen the skin barrier. It is an excellent moisturizer. Might have an anti-oxidant effectTRITICUM VULGARE GERM OILA good emoillient. Contains vitamin E which can help neutralise free radicals, however the oil is unstable. Avoid if you have gluten or wheat sensitivity (including food allergies). TROLOXOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33TYROSINESODIUM LACTATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the productUBIQUINONECoenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergenCARYOCAR BRASILIENSE FRUIT OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Can contain an essential oil that can be irritatingALANYL GLUTAMINEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesGLUCOSYL CERAMIDE NPLAUROYL SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesUNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACTA seaweed extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have an anti-oxidant effectALANINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lackingACETYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS SEED OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin and might help calm down inflammationLAURYL PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinCARNOSINEA type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damageGLUCOSYL CERAMIDEGLUCOSE OXIDASEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinGLUCOSAMINE HCLMight be able to stimulate production of skin's natural moisturizing compounds such as hyaluronic acid. Could be helpful for evening the skin tone.GLUCONOLACTONEA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsLIMNANTHES ALBA SEED OILThis oil's cmposition is closest to rapeseed oil. It is a very stable oil and serves as an emoillientLINOLEIC ACIDAn excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged poresLINOLENIC ACIDAn emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammationGLUCONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsGELIDIELLA ACEROSA EXTRACTAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant propertiesLYSINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinklesGANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinLYSINE HCLLYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACIDA phospholipid. It is naturally present in skin and plays a signaling role there. It is involved in cell prolifiratio, skin inflammatory responses and wound healing. In cosmetics, it might help to support the skin barrier functionRH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-17RH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33MADECASSIC ACIDAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (asiaticoside, madecasosside and asiatic acid), madecassic acid has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritatingMADECASSOSIDEAn antioxidant that is typically derived from plant Centella Asiatica. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and support skin barrier function. It could, however, itself be irritating. It is often unstable in formulationsGALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked poresGALACTOARABINANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinFRUCTOSEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinMAGNESIUM CARBOXYMETHYL BETA-GLUCANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSOY AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skinRIBES NIGRUM SEED OILAn emollient. Can be helpful for restoring skin barrier function.RICE AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin1-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXENYL-1-PENTEN-3-ONERICE FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant propertiesZINC GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skinACETYL GLUCOSAMINEAn effective moisturizing ingredient that also has been shown to be effective in evening out the skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help somewhat reduce wrinkles in skinMAGNESIUM PALMITOYL GLUTAMATEAn amino acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful against lines and wrinkles, but evidence of effectiveness is lackingFRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDESHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skinMAGNESIUM PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinACETYL FARNESYLCYSTEINEA synthetic amino-acid that might help calm down inflammation in skin and reduce its irritation, but conclusive studies are not available at the moment. It can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin barrierFRAGARIA ANANASSA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinFERULOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesFERRIC HEXAPEPTIDE-35A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesMALTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is genter than AHAs. In addition, it helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsFAEX EXTRACTYeast extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinFAEXYeast extract. Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinMALUS DOMESTICA FRUIT EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinEUPHORBIA CERIFERA CERAHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and thickens the product's textureMANGANESE GLUCONATEMight be able to help restore skin barrier function supporting its hydrationMANGANESE PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Often used as a part of an ingredient complex Physiogenyl together with Sodium PCA, Magnesium PCA and Zinc PCA. The manufacturer claims that it does more than attracting water, but there is no evidence or studies supporting this claimMANGIFERA INDICA SEED BUTTERHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effectRICINUS COMMUNIS SEED OILA plant oil that can help soften the skin. It might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but solid research is lacking. Is often used in lip products to create the needed product consistencyCAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDEA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin MANNITOLHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinMAURITIA FLEXUOSA FRUIT OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinCAPROOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesROSA CANINA FRUIT OILA great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritatingCAPROOYL SPHINGOSINEA component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinROSA RUBIGINOSA SEED OILPlant oil that due to the high content of linoleic acid can support skin's barrier function and reduce moisture lossZINC PALMITOYL NONAPEPTIDE-14CAPROOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINEA component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinETHYLHEXYL HYDROXYSTEARATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss from itETHYL LINOLEATEHelps reduce acne and blemishes. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce inflammation. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lackingMELIA AZADIRACHTA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function due to the high linoleic acid contentCANNABIS SATIVA SEED OILA plant oil that due to its high linoleic acid content can help strengthen skin's barrier function and soften its upper layerCANNABIS SATIVA SEED EXTRACTCANNABIDIOL - SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCEDCBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier functionCANNABIDIOL - DERIVED FROM EXTRACT OR TINCTURE OR RESIN OF CANNABISCBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier functionCAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OILA plant oil that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier. Might have some anti-oxidant effectMETHICONEA type of silicone that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduces the water loss from the skin surfaceSACCHARIDE HYDROLYSATESACCHARIDE ISOMERATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE EXTRACTA moisturizing ingredient that works as a humectant to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. SACCHAROMYCES FERMENTA product of yeast fermentation. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSACCHAROMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA product of yeast fermentation. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSACCHAROMYCES FERMENT LYSATE FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSACCHAROMYCES LYSATE EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can have some anti-inflammatory effectSACCHAROMYCES POLYPEPTIDESSACCHAROMYCES/COPPER FERMENTYeast extract that contains copper. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help in skin wound healingSACCHAROMYCES/IMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT FERMENT EXTRACTYeast extract obtained from a plant root (cogon grass). It works as an excellent humectant attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Can have some anti-inflammatory effectSACCHAROMYCES/IRON FERMENTYeast extract that contains iron. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missingSACCHAROMYCES/MAGNESIUM FERMENTYeast extract that contains magnesium. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missingSACCHAROMYCES/SILICON FERMENTYeast extract that contains silicon. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missingACETYL DIPEPTIDE-1 CETYL ESTERA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSACCHAROMYCES/XYLINUM/BLACK TEA FERMENTA fermented sweet black tea. There is no studies on particular benefits of this ingredient in skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, and might have some anti-oxidant effect. It is used in skincare for mostly marketing purposes because of the popularity of kombucha drinksSACCHAROMYCES/ZINC FERMENTYeast extract that contains zinc. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missingSACCHARUM OFFICINARUM EXTRACTSugar extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinMICROCOCCUS LYSATEConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"ERYTHRITOLHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skinZINC PCAA compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missingSPHINGOLIPIDSSphingolipids are a group of lipids with a common chemical structure. Some of them are naturally present in skin and can be converted to ceramidesCAMELLIA OLEIFERA SEED OILAn emollient that does not leave a greasy finish CAMELINA SATIVA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinCALCIUM PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skinSALICYLOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have anti-aging benefits but solid study data is lackingEMU OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skinCALCIUM PANTOTHENATEHelps support skin barrier function improving skin hydration and reducing sensitivitySALVIA HISPANICA SEEDSALVIA HISPANICA SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that typically contains linolenic and linoleic acids that help soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionSALVIA HISPANICA SEED OILChia seed oil. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in repairing skin barrierC13-16 ISOPARAFFINIs mostly used to dissolve other ingredients. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might be comedogenic when used in high concentrationsMYRISTOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-16A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesMYRISTOYL NONAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesMYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesELAEIS GUINEENSIS BUTTERA type of palm oil. Helps soften the upper layer of the skinMYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesAZELAOYL BIS-DIPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesCERAMIDE ASA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinCERAMIDE APA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skinMYRISTYL MYRISTATEAn emollient. Is not recommended for acne-prone skin as it can be comedogenicCERAMIDE AGECTOINSoftens the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM SEED OILA plant oil that because of its high content of alpha-linolenic acid help support skin barrier function and moisturize the skinN-ACETYL DIHYDROSPHINGOSINEN-PROLYL PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-56 ACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATEA salt derived from licorice. Works as an emollient to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help calm down inflammation. Might be helpful for skin lighteningDIPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDIPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDIPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have anti-aging benefitsPOLYMETHYLSILSESQUIOXANEA silicone that improves product texture and helps dissolve other ingredients. Can form a non-greasy film on the skin to prevent moisture lossNIACINA form of vitamin B3. It is similar in action to niacinamide, but is more likely to cause red flashes in skin as the side effectDIPEPTIDE DIAMINOBUTYROYL BENZYLAMIDE DIACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesNIACINAMIDEIs proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moistureNIACINAMIDE/YEAST POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesNICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA HEXAPEPTIDE-40 SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesDIMETHICONOLA silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA HEXAPEPTIDE-40 SH-POLYPEPTIDE-76A fusion peptide that combines peptides produced by human and plant cells. It might have anti-aging effect in skin and can help the skin moisturizationNICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA SH-POLYPEPTIDE-15 HEXAPEPTIDE-40NICOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesNIGELLA SATIVA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and support the skin's barrier due to the high content of linoleic acidDILINOLEIC ACIDNONAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesSARCOSINEHelps to enhance the penetration of other ingredients and attract water to the upper layer of the skinSCENEDESMUS RUBESCENS EXTRACTA micro-algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support its barrier function, amd might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingSCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE EXTRACTA yeast extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skinBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII OILOCTAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesOCTAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinklesAVENA SATIVA KERNEL OILAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant propertiesSQUALANEAn oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling. BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER UNSAPONIFIABLESA great moisturizing ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicalsBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER EXTRACTA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicalsBUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTERA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicalsSEA WHIP EXTRACTMight help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skinCERAMIDE 6 IIA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin

Mattifying

GALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked poresHYDRATED SILICARETINOLTwo steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritatingKAOLINA type of clay that consists mainly of aluminum silicate. Helps absorb oil and creates a thicker product consistency. Can be used to add a white color SODIUM POLYACRYLATEUsed to create a gel-like product texture, as well as to stabilize emulsionsZEA MAYS STARCHUsed to thicken the product's consistencyCARNITINE HCLMight be helpful in decreasing sebum production making the skin less oily. Is claimed to be able to support ceramide production in skin that leads to better hydration, but evidence is lacking. Is able to attract water to the upper layer of the skinCARNITINEPULLULANCreates a thin drying film on the skin resulting in a short-term tightening effectPOLYSILICONE-11A silicone that forms a light film on the skin surface helping to bind water and temporarily absorb oils creating a matt and powdery feelMALTODEXTRINUsed to stabilize the product formulation and can help absorb oilMETHYL METHACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMERHelps thicken the product consistencyTretinoinBioavailable form of Vitamin A that is the most effective known topical ingredients for reducing wrinkles, improving skin firmness, treating acne, as well as hyperpigmentation. It is not available over-the counter in many countries, including US and UKSILICAUsed to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skinCYCLOPENTASILOXANEA silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absord oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skinCELLULOSECan be used to help absorb oil as well as add volume and imporve texture of products. ACETYL CARNITINE HCLMight be helpful in decreasing sebum production making the skin less oily. Is claimed to be able to support ceramide production in skin that leads to better hydration, but evidence is lacking. Is able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin