Works as a humectant helping to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be effective as an anti-oxidant.
The most well-researched antioxidant that works in skin. Helps neutralize free radicals supporting collagen production, helping to even out the skin tone and preventing early signs of aging
An effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties
Has astringent properties. Creates a tightening and drying effect on the skin. Can be irritating
Might have some anti-inflammatory properties but research is lacking
