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1
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water/aqua/eau
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Plain old water
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2
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tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective.
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3
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vitamin c
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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4
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cyclopentasiloxane
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A silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absord oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin
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5
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c12-15 alkyl benzoate
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Enhances the product texture and makes it more spreadable. Helps reduce water loss from the outer layer of skin. Extands the shelf life by preventing bacteria growth
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6
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retinol
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Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating
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7
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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8
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polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate
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Helps water and oil mix together
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9
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simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed oil
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Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.
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10
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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11
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vitamin e
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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12
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polyacrylamide
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Used to improve product texture and help oil and water mix together
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13
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hordeum vulgare (barley) extract/hordeum vulgare/extrait d'orge
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A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to gluten
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14
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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15
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hyaluronic acid
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation
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16
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allantoin
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Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated
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17
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beta-glucan
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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18
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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19
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santalum album (sandalwood) extract
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Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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20
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phellodendron amurense bark extract
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A plant extract that might have an anti-inflammatory effect
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21
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ceramide np
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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22
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ceramide ns
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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23
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ceramide eos
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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24
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ceramide eop
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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25
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ceramide ap
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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26
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caprooyl phytosphingosine
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A component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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27
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caprooyl sphingosine
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A component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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28
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lecithin
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Used mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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29
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dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline
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Is claimed to stimulate collagen and elastin production, as well as work as an anti-oxidant. There is however not enough evidence for its effectiveness
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30
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beta-sitosterol
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A phytosterol that can support skin's barrier function and help the skin stay hydrated
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31
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nannochloropsis oculata extract
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A microalgae extract that helps to attact water to the upper layer of the skin
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32
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pullulan
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Creates a thin drying film on the skin resulting in a short-term tightening effect
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33
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linoleic acid
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An excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores
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34
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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35
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sodium ascorbate
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36
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mannitol
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Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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37
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polysorbate 80
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Helps water and oil mix together
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38
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ceteareth-25
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Helps oil and water mix together
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39
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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40
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cetyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together
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41
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behenic acid
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Helps water and oil mix together
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42
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cholesterol
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An emollient that is naturally found in skin
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43
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alcohol
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Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
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44
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c13-14 isoparaffin
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin, dissolve other ingredients and create a thicker product consistency
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45
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laureth-7
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Helps oil and water mix together
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46
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cyclomethicone
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A type of silicone that leaves a nice silky finish on the skin and can help soften its upper layer
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47
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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48
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phenyl trimethicone
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A type of silicone that can decrease loss of moisture from the skin surface. It helps create a nice product texture
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49
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cyclotetrasiloxane
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50
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peg-8/smdi copolymer
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51
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bht
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A preservative
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52
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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53
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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54
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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55
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ethylhexylglycerin
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A preservative
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56
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hexylene glycol
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Helps create a more spreadable product texture
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Maria from WIMJ 
