Works for:
Anti-oxidation
Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to be able to improve the appearance of undereye darkness but evidence is missing. Can be an allergen and cause irritation
Works for:
Anti-aging,
Anti-blemish,
Evens skin tone,
Exfoliation
Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
Works for:
Moisturizing
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
Works for:
Anti-oxidation,
Anti-aging
Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
Water, Glycerin, Ascorbyl palmitate, Elaeis guineensis extract, Camellia oleifera leaf extract, Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, Elaeis guineensis extract, Tetrapeptide-3, Palmitoyl oligopeptide-70, Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, Caprylyl glycol, Dipeptide-2, Hesperidin methyl chalcone, Retinyl palmitate, Tocopheryl acetate, Phospholipids, N-hydroxysuccinimide, Chrysin, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol, Carbomer, Steareth-20, Triethanolamine
