| 1 |
water
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
c12-15 alkyl benzoate
| Enhances the product texture and makes it more spreadable. Helps reduce water loss from the outer layer of skin. Extands the shelf life by preventing bacteria growth |
| 3 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 4 |
lactic acid
| An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) |
| 5 |
behenyl alcohol
| Non-drying alcohol that helps water and oil mix together. Also serves as an emollient |
| 6 |
isopropyl palmitate
| Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency |
| 7 |
octyldodecanol
| An emollient that helps to soften the skin and create a pleasant product texture and stabilize the formulation |
| 8 |
dimethyl isosorbide
| Used to dissolve other ingredients in a product and can enhance their ability to penetrate the skin |
| 9 |
methyl methacrylate crosspolymer
| Helps thicken the product consistency |
| 10 |
helianthus annuus seed oil
| A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function |
| 11 |
sodium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the product's pH |
| 12 |
dimethicone
| A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish |
| 13 |
glycolic acid
| An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid |
| 14 |
propanediol
| Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin |
| 15 |
beeswax
| Forms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergen |
| 16 |
cetyl alcohol
| A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together |
| 17 |
hydrogenated lecithin
| Helps to retain moisture by creating a protective barrier on the skin. Rich in fatty acids. Improves product texture and helps with the penetration of other ingredients. |
| 18 |
palmitic acid
| An emollient that is naturally present in skin and helps soften it |
| 19 |
butylene glycol
| Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 20 |
ferulic acid
| A potent anti-oxidant that has been shown to be effective in neutralizing free radicals in skin. There seem to have a synergetic effect of ferulic acid, vitamin E and C, meaning that when the ingredients are used together, they enhance each other's ability protect the skin against free radicals. Ferulic acid also helps to stabilize other ingredients - including vitamins C and E. It can help to even out the skin tone. Ferulic acid is approved for use as a sunscreen ingredient in Japan in concentrations up to 10% |
| 21 |
ellagic acid
| |
| 22 |
gallic acid
| |
| 23 |
collagen amino acids
| Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and support the skin barrier function |
| 24 |
silk amino acids
| |
| 25 |
sodium hyaluronate
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin |
| 26 |
retinol
| Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating |
| 27 |
zea mays silk extract
| |
| 28 |
phospholipids
| Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product |
| 29 |
sphingolipids
| Sphingolipids are a group of lipids with a common chemical structure. Some of them are naturally present in skin and can be converted to ceramides |
| 30 |
saccharide isomerate
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 31 |
leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
| A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine |
| 32 |
glycine soja oil
| A good emollient that helps soften the skin and helps repair its barrier function |
| 33 |
ascorbyl palmitate
| Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid. |
| 34 |
tocopherol
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
| 35 |
urea
| Naturally present in skin. Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients. Is an exfoliating ingredient when used in high concentrations |
| 36 |
sodium pca
| Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer |
| 37 |
mannitol
| Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 38 |
citrullus vulgaris fruit extract
| A plant extract that can contain an antioxidant compound |
| 39 |
xanthan gum
| Used to create a thicker product consistency |
| 40 |
caprylyl glycol
| Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture |
| 41 |
acrylates/carbamate copolymer
| |
| 42 |
caprylic/capric triglyceride
| A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin |
| 43 |
magnesium aspartate
| Might be helpful in restoring skin barrier function and calm down inflammation in skin |
| 44 |
zinc gluconate
| Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin |
| 45 |
copper gluconate
| Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing |
| 46 |
ethylhexylglycerin
| A preservative |
| 47 |
acrylates/c10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer
| Maintains the texture of skincare products. Allows the product to spread evenly. Helps oil and water mix together |
| 48 |
disodium edta
| Stabilizes the product formulation |
| 49 |
citric acid
| Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH |
| 50 |
sodium citrate
| Helps to control the skin's pH level. Maintains the skin's natural film of amino-lactic acids and oils. Helps to preserve products |
| 51 |
hexylene glycol
| Helps create a more spreadable product texture |
| 52 |
citrus aurantium bergamia fruit extract
| |
| 53 |
citrus limon peel extract
| A very irritating fragrant ingredient |
| 54 |
lavandula angustifolia flower/leaf/stem extract
| |
| 55 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
| 56 |
potassium sorbate
| A preservative |
| 57 |
, annatto
| The ingredient is not recognized |
