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1
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aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) water
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A plant extract that can help calm down inflammation in skin. Can, however, itself be irritating
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3
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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4
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sodium lactate
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product
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5
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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6
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galactoarabinan
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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7
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sodium pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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8
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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9
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ethylhexylglycerin
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A preservative
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10
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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11
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glycosaminoglycans
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Long sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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12
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leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
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A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine
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13
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retinol
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Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating
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14
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retinal
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One step removed from the biologically active in skin form of vitamin A. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinal is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating
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15
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tetrasodium edta
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Helps to stabilize the product formulation
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16
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proline
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17
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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18
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sodium hydroxymethylglycinate
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A preservative. Can be irritating
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19
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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20
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aniba rosaeodora (rosewood) wood oil
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21
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lavandula angustifolia (lavender) oil
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An essential oil. Potential allergen and can be irritating. It has some anti-bacterial properties
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22
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helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil
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A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function
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23
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cassia angustifolia seed polysaccharide
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24
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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25
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sorbitol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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26
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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27
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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