What's In My Jar

Hydrolyzed rice extract

In 11 skincare routines

Summary

Works for

Moisturizing
Evens skin tone

Irritancy risk

1

Low

A plant extract that is claimed to be helpful in moisturizing and lightening the skin, but evidence is missing

Products with Hydrolyzed rice extract

Estée Lauder - Nutritious Melting Soft Creme/Mask Moisturizer

Estée Lauder Nutritious Melting Soft Creme/Mask Moisturizer

niacinamidecaffeinecamellia sinensis leaf extract +12 actives

Moisturizing Anti-aging +3

Price unavailable

Crème de la Mer - Mini The Moisturizing Fresh Cream for Clarity and Firming

Crème de la Mer Mini The Moisturizing Fresh Cream for Clarity and Firming

acetyl hexapeptide-8palmitoyl hexapeptide-12caffeine +14 actives

Moisturizing Anti-aging +1

FragranceAlcohol

Price unavailable

Tom Ford - RESEARCH INTENSIVE TREATMENT EMULSION

Tom Ford RESEARCH INTENSIVE TREATMENT EMULSION

lactic acidacetyl glucosaminealgae extract +12 actives

Moisturizing Evens skin tone +2

Fragrance

Price unavailable

Clinique - iD Dramatically Different Hydrating Jelly + Active Cartridge Concentrate - Active: Irregular Skin Texture

Clinique iD Dramatically Different Hydrating Jelly + Active Cartridge Concentrate - Active: Irregular Skin Texture

salicylic acidlactic acidglycolic acid +35 actives

Moisturizing Anti-aging +2

Price unavailable

JAPANORGANIC - Do Organic Hand Cream Facilitating Bloom

JAPANORGANIC Do Organic Hand Cream Facilitating Bloom

ceramide apceramide npglycerin +6 actives

Moisturizing

Price unavailable

Attenir - Dress Lift Facial Wash

Attenir Dress Lift Facial Wash

beeswaxglyceringlycosyl trehalose +11 actives

Cleansing

Fragrance

Price unavailable

Cezanne - Moisture Rich Essence Cream

Cezanne Moisture Rich Essence Cream

glucosyl ceramidedimethiconeglycerin +7 actives

Moisturizing Anti-oxidation +1

Price unavailable

Shu Uemura - Porefinist² Sakura Refreshing Cleansing Oil Renewal

Shu Uemura Porefinist² Sakura Refreshing Cleansing Oil Renewal

salicylic acidcapryloyl salicylic acidVitamin E +9 actives

Cleansing Exfoliation

Fragrance

Price unavailable

ICHI - Essential Aqua Cream

ICHI Essential Aqua Cream

ceramide npargininebetaine +12 actives

Moisturizing Anti-aging

Price unavailable

It'S SKIN - Power 10 Formula Powerful Genius Cream

It'S SKIN Power 10 Formula Powerful Genius Cream

niacinamideadenosinephytosphingosine +30 actives

Evens skin tone Moisturizing +3

Price unavailable

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Similar ingredients

Moisturizing

1-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXENYL-1-PENTEN-3-ONE POLYGLYCERIN-6Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin ACETYL GLUCOSAMINEAn effective moisturizing ingredient that also has been shown to be effective in evening out the skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help somewhat reduce wrinkles in skin ACRYLAMIDEUsed to stabilize formulations and increase water resistance of sunscreen ingredients. In cosmetics, the polymer form of this compound is used. The polymer's molecules cannot penetrate the skin making the compound safe for use in skin care as long as the monomer residue (which, unlike polyacrylamide, is toxic) in the final product is below 0.2%. It can be irritating for skin AHNFELTIA CONCINNA EXTRACTAn algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Also used to create a thicker product texture AHNFELTIOPSIS CONCINNA EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin ALARIA ESCULENTA EXTRACTWorks as a humectant helping to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be effective as an anti-oxidant. ALGAE EXTRACTPlant extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but research is not extensive yet ALLANTOINHelps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF EXTRACTTraditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF JUICETraditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF WATERTraditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but data on its effectiveness is lacking. While the majority of the content is plain water, it can contain some goodies like vitamins, enzymes, minerals, and humectants that help attract water into the skin ANHYDROXYLITOLHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrir function ANIGOZANTHOS FLAVIDUS EXTRACTClaimed to have anti-oxidant properties but no evidence is available ARGININEAn amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin DIMER DILINOLEYL DIMER DILINOLEATEHelps create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin ASCORBYL TETRAISOPALMITATEA vitamin C derivative. Studies show that is might be effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, but there are no studies confirming that it is effectively converted into the bioavailable form of Vitamin C in skin. It is not clear how this derivative compares in effectiveness to the topical application of bioavailable form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) AVENA SATIVA KERNEL EXTRACTAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties BALANITES ROXBURGHII SEED OILAn emollient. Could be irritating BATYL ALCOHOLNon-drying alcohol. Used to stabilize other ingredients and is an emollient BEESWAXForms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergen BEHENYL ALCOHOLNon-drying alcohol that helps water and oil mix together. Also serves as an emollient BETAINEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture BETULA ALBA BARK EXTRACTHas astringent properties. Creates a tightening and drying effect on the skin. Can be irritating BIOSACCHARIDE GUM-1Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and is claimed to provide a longer-lasting hydration because of its ability to create a water-binding film on the surface of the skin BIS-BEHENYL/ISOSTEARYL/PHYTOSTERYL DIMER DILINOLEYL DIMER DILINOLEATE BRASSICA OLERACEA ACEPHALA LEAF EXTRACTMight be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin BUTYLENE GLYCOLUsed to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTERA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER EXTRACTA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals C10-18 TRIGLYCERIDESHelps soften the skin and attract water to its upper layer. Helps create nice product texture C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATEEnhances the product texture and makes it more spreadable. Helps reduce water loss from the outer layer of skin. Extands the shelf life by preventing bacteria growth C12-16 ALCOHOLSHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and improve the product's texture C13-14 ISOPARAFFINHelps soften the upper layer of the skin, dissolve other ingredients and create a thicker product consistency C20-40 ALCOHOLS CAMELLIA OLEIFERA SEED OILAn emollient that does not leave a greasy finish CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACTCan contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation CAPROOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS SEED OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin and might help calm down inflammation CETEARYL ALCOHOLA non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture CETEARYL ETHYLHEXANOATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin CETYL ALCOHOLA non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together CETYL ETHYLHEXANOATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin and creates a thicker product texture CETYL PALMITATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin and is used to improve product texture and stability CHLORELLA PROTOTHECOIDES OILAn emollient. Is unlikely to have additional benefits for the skin CAPRYLYL GLYCOLHelps preserve products and creates a nice product texture VIOLA TRICOLOR EXTRACTA plant extract that might have an anti-inflammatory effect in skin CAPRYLOYL GLYCERIN/SEBACIC ACID COPOLYMERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDEA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin CHOLESTEROLAn emollient that is naturally found in skin CHONDRUS CRISPUS EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistency COCO-CAPRYLATEAn emollient that softens skin and creates a nice product texture COCOGLYCERIDESHelp soften the upper layer of the skin and make it easier for oil and water mix together. Recently, a rising number of allergic reactions to cocoglycerides and other coconut-derived surfactants has been reported. As there is a significant overlap between frequent irritants and allergens, we flag this ingredient for attention of those with very sensitive, reactive skin COCONUT ALKANESAn emollient that helps soften the skin COCOS NUCIFERA OILAn emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenic COLLOIDAL OATMEALHelps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammation COPERNICIA CERIFERA WAXHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency CUCUMIS SATIVUS FRUIT EXTRACTMight be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect CYCLOHEXASILOXANEA silicone that serves as an emollient. Helps create a nice non-greasy feels DEXTRANHelps attract water to the most upper layer of the skin. Derived from sugar DICAPRYLYL CARBONATEHelps products spread more easily and works as an emollient to soften skin DIGLYCERINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin DIMETHICONEA silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish DIMETHICONOLA silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time DIPALMITOYL HYDROXYPROLINEIs claimed to stimulate collagen and elastin production, as well as work as an anti-oxidant. There is however not enough evidence for its effectiveness DIPENTAERYTHRITYL HEXACAPRYLATE/HEXACAPRATE ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin and create a nice product texture ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE GLUCOSAMINE HCLMight be able to stimulate production of skin's natural moisturizing compounds such as hyaluronic acid. Could be helpful for evening the skin tone.GLYCERINOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant GLYCERYL CAPRYLATEAn emollient that can also help water and oil mix together, as well as prevent bacteria growth in products GLYCERYL STEARATEAn emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together GLYCERYL STEARATE SEUsed to stabilize the product formulations and works as an emollient GLYCINE SOJA OILA good emollient that helps soften the skin and helps repair its barrier function GLYCINE SOJA PROTEINA plant extract that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it. It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. It might be somewhat helpful for evening out the skin tone. It might be able to support elastin production but solid research is lacking GLYCINE SOJA SEED EXTRACTAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Might be somewhat helpful in evening the skin tone.GLYCINE SOJA STEROLSAn emollient that helps soften the skin HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OILA great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES OILA good emollient. Contains various ingredients including vitamins and fatty acids that could work in the skin to neutralize free radicals and minimize moisture loss - if enough of these compounds is able to penetrate the skin in an active form. HYALURONIC ACIDOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation HYDROGENATED PALM GLYCERIDESAn emollient that softens the skin HYDROLYZED CONCHIOLIN PROTEIN HYDROLYZED HYALURONIC ACIDOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. A version of it is naturally present in skin HYDROLYZED SILKCan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED SOY PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-aging, anti-oxidant, and skin lightening properties, but solid evidence is missing HYDROLYZED VIOLA TRICOLOR EXTRACTMight have some moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties. Can be added to products to create a nice smell. HYDROXYPROPYL CYCLODEXTRINUsed to stabilize product formulations and help soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROXYSTEARIC/LINOLENIC/OLEIC POLYGLYCERIDES INOSITOL ISOCETYL STEARATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin ISODECYL NEOPENTANOATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin. It also forms a protective on its surface to reduce water loss.ISOHEXADECANEImproves the texture of the product and helps soften the skin. Helps oil and water mix together and can be used as a cleansing agent ISONONYL ISONONANOATEForms a protective film on the surface of the skin to prevent moisture loss. Gives a velvety feel to products while reducing tackiness ISOPROPYL ISOSTEARATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin ISOPROPYL MYRISTATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Could be comedogenic JOJOBA ESTERSAn emollient made of jojoba oil. Helps soften the skin and support its barrier function KALANCHOE PINNATA LEAF EXTRACTIs claimed to improve skin's ability to produce its natural moisturizers, but solid research is lacking HYDROGENATED POLYISOBUTENEUsed to improve the product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin CYCLOMETHICONEA type of silicone that leaves a nice silky finish on the skin and can help soften its upper layer LACTIC ACIDAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) LAPSANA COMMUNIS FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACTUsed for its fragrance. Can be irritating LIMNANTHES ALBA SEED OILThis oil's cmposition is closest to rapeseed oil. It is a very stable oil and serves as an emoillient LINOLENIC ACIDAn emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammation MYRISTYL MYRISTATEAn emollient. Is not recommended for acne-prone skin as it can be comedogenic MYROTHAMNUS FLABELLIFOLIA EXTRACTA fragrant plant extract with some antibacterial properties. Can be irritating NELUMBO NUCIFERA FLOWER EXTRACT NICOTIANA SYLVESTRIS LEAF CELL CULTUREHas been claimed to have an ability to protect collagen and stimulate its production in skin but further research is lacking so far OCTYLDODECANOLAn emollient that helps to soften the skin and create a pleasant product texture and stabilize the formulation OCTYLDODECYL MYRISTATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin OLEA EUROPAEA FRUIT EXTRACTAn emollient that helps soften the skin but is not effective for restoring its barrier function. Might be helpful to calm down inflammation OLEA EUROPAEA FRUIT OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin but is not effective for restoring its barrier function. Might be helpful to calm down inflammation ORYZA SATIVA GERM OIL PALMITIC ACIDAn emollient that is naturally present in skin and helps soften it SACCHAROMYCES/RICE FERMENT FILTRATEA product of yeast fermentation. Can contain humectants that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free oxidants PEG-12 DIMETHICONEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture PANTHENOLHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUMOne of the most effective and well studied occlusive and emollient moisturizing ingredients. Helps reduce moisture loss in skin and repair skin barrier function PASSIFLORA EDULIS SEED OILA good emollient helping to soften the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. Adds a fragrance to the product PEG-8Used to create a nice product consistency PEG/PPG-14/7 DIMETHYL ETHERAn emollient that helps soften the skin. It also forms a protective on its surface to reduce water loss PEG/PPG-18/18 DIMETHICONEA silicone that mixes with water creating nice light-weight product texture PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRACAPRYLATE/TETRACAPRATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin PENTYLENE GLYCOLUsed to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture PERSEA GRATISSIMA OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin and could be helpful in repairing its barrier function PETROLATUMOne of the most effective and the most studied occlusive ingredients that creates a protective layer on top of the skin preventing moisture loss PHYTOSTEROLSLipids that work as an emollient and can be helpful in repairing skin barrier function PHYTOSTERYL/OCTYLDODECYL LAUROYL GLUTAMATEA mix of amino acids and plant-based lipids. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss over time POLYAMIDE-5An emollient that helps soften the skin and create a nice product feel and texture POLYSILICONE-11A silicone that forms a light film on the skin surface helping to bind water and temporarily absorb oils creating a matt and powdery feel PRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS OILAn emollient that softens the skin PRUNUS ARMENIACA KERNEL OILAn emollient that helps soften the skin BRASSICA OLERACEA ITALICA SEED OILA plant seed oil that consists mainly of erucic acid and used to help soften the upper layer of the skin. This fatty acid can enhance penetration of other ingredients into the skin but it is not a good moisturizer on its own RIBES NIGRUM SEED OILAn emollient. Can be helpful for restoring skin barrier function.ROSA CANINA FRUIT OILA great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritating ROYAL JELLY EXTRACTA compound secreted by bees. Might be able to attract water to the top layer of the skin. Avoid if sensitive to honey and bee products RUBUS ELLIPTICUS ROOT EXTRACT SACCHARIDE ISOMERATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE EXTRACTA moisturizing ingredient that works as a humectant to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. SACCHAROMYCES LYSATE EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can have some anti-inflammatory effect SANICULA EUROPAEA EXTRACTClaimed to be helpful for restoring skin barrier function but solid research is lacking SCLEROCARYA BIRREA SEED OILAn emollient that helps to soften the skin. It has a high contetn of oleic acid that might weaken the skin barrier. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. It might be somewhat helpful against hyperpigmentation. PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRAETHYLHEXANOATEUsed to create a nice product consistency while softening the upper layer of the skin POLYGLYCERYL-2 TRIISOSTEARATEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture ORYZA SATIVA EXTRACTA grain extract that helps to create a thicker product consistency. It might have some anti-oxidant properties and help attract water to the upper layer of the skin RICINUS COMMUNIS SEED OILA plant oil that can help soften the skin. It might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but solid research is lacking. Is often used in lip products to create the needed product consistency LECITHINUsed mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin SERICIN SHOREA ROBUSTA SEED BUTTERHelps to softent the upper layer of the skin SILYBUM MARIANUM EXTRACTMight be able to help neutralize free radical, calm down inflammation in skin, and even skin tone SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED OILSoftens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air. SODIUM HYALURONATEOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin SODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMERAttracts water into the upper layer of the skin SODIUM LACTATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product SODIUM PCANaturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer SORBITOLHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture SQUALANEAn oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling. STEARIC ACIDHelps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient STEAROXYTRIMETHYLSILANE STEARYL GLYCYRRHETINATEA fatty acid derived from licorice. Works as an emollient and can help calm down inflammation STEARYL HEPTANOATE SUCCINOGLYCAN SUCROSECan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In crystal form, it can work as a gentle exfoliant, gentler than the salt scrub. Helps stabilize the emulsion THERMUS THERMOPHILLUS FERMENTMight be helpful in neutralising free radicals in skin and have some hydration properties TREHALOSEA sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin TRICAPRYLINAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Can increase penetration of other ingredients TRITICUM VULGARE GERM EXTRACTPlant extract that might have moisturizing properties. Avoid if you suffer from wheat or gluten intolerance TRITICUM VULGARE GERM OILA good emoillient. Contains vitamin E which can help neutralise free radicals, however the oil is unstable. Avoid if you have gluten or wheat sensitivity (including food allergies). VITIS VINIFERA SEED OILA great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant properties XYLITYLGLUCOSIDEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrier function YEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin GLUCOSEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Could be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function POLYQUATERNIUM-51An emollient that helps create a nice silky finish on the skin ISODODECANEAn emollient that helps soften the skin and can decrease moisture loss. Helps create a nice product texture TOCOPHEROLPure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself PADINA PAVONICA THALLUS EXTRACTMight help to soften the upper layer of the skin. Is claimed to have anti-oxidant properties, but evidence in missing PROPYLENE GLYCOL DICAPRATEAn emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin WHEY PROTEINA protein derived from milk. In skincare products, might help to soften the upper layer of the skin ALGAE EXOPOLYSACCHARIDESSugars produced by sea bacteria that can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin BIS-PEG-18 METHYL ETHER DIMETHYL SILANEA type of silicone that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATEA salt derived from licorice. Works as an emollient to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help calm down inflammation. Might be helpful for skin lightening LENS ESCULENTA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract containing sugars that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is claimed by the manufacturer to help reduce pore size but evidence is lacking NEOPENTYL GLYCOL DIHEPTANOATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency ETHYLHEXYL ISONONANOATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and improve the product consistency PEG-10 DIMETHICONEA silicone that works to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce its water loss GLYCERYL POLYMETHACRYLATEUsed to create a nice product texture DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATEUsed to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture GENTIANA LUTEA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help strengthen the skin barrier function and improve skin moisture levels PROPYLENE CARBONATEIs used to dissolve other ingredients and create nice product texture HYPNEA MUSCIFORMIS EXTRACTMight help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin CETYL PEG/PPG-10/1 DIMETHICONEA type of silicone that helps water and oil mix together. Can help to soften upper layer of the skin LAMINARIA DIGITATA EXTRACTSeaweed extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but good research is lacking at the moment LAURYL PEG-9 POLYDIMETHYLSILOXYETHYL DIMETHICONEA type of silicone that helps to soften upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture SODIUM POLYASPARTATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help stabilize the product formulation PYRUS MALUS FRUIT EXTRACTCan have some moisturizing properties due to its sugar content LAMINARIA SACCHARINA EXTRACTA seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrations PHENYL TRIMETHICONEA type of silicone that can decrease loss of moisture from the skin surface. It helps create a nice product texture OLEANOLIC ACIDMight be helpful against blemishes, work as an anti-oxidant, reduce inflammation and improve skin's ability to hold on to moisture, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness when applied topically to human skin URSOLIC ACID BIOTINMight have some moisturising properties. Is not effective when applied topically beyond some moisturizing effect LANOLINSebum of wool-bearing animals (most commonly sheep). Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce the skin water loss. In rare cases could be an allergen. Not suitable for vegans ISOPROPYL PALMITATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency CETYL ESTERSHelps soften upper layer of the skin and can enhance penetration of other ingredients into the upper layer of the skin CERESIN TRAMETES VERSICOLOR EXTRACTA mushroom extract that might have some skin-lightening and moisturizing properties, but solid research is lacking. It is unlikely to be effective in the concentration used in skincare products SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant properties MOLASSES EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have a weak skin-lightening effect, but solid research is missing SNAIL SECRETION FILTRATETypically contains hyaluronic acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might contain allantoin that is helpful in calming down inflammation. There is no evidence that it can have any further benefits for the skin, especially when used in skincare products BIFIDA FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effect METHYL GLUCETH-20Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it PEG-75Helps create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin. HYDROLYZED ALGINDerived from brown algae. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin PANTETHINEHelps to hydrate the skin by improving its barrier funciton CERA ALBAForms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergen COLLAGEN AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and support the skin barrier function PARACHLORELLA BEIJERINCKII EXOPOLYSACCHARIDESCompounds extracted from green algae that could help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skincare products (topical applicaiton) is missing. Helps moisturize the skin by attracting water to its upper layer CYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS EXTRACTHelps skin moisturization by attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties but research confirming effectiveness in skin is lacking HYDROLYZED YEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties VITIS VINIFERA JUICE EXTRACTContains AHAs that exfoliate the upper layer of the skin. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin due to the sugar content HYDROLYZED QUINOAMight help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEINCan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Avoid if sensitive to gluten GLYCINEHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier function HYDROGENATED POLYDECENEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture PEG-6Helps to dissolve other ingredients and attract water to the upper layer of the skin PEG-32Helps dissolve other ingredients and attract water to the upper layer of the skin CHLORELLA VULGARIS EXTRACTA plant extract that can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties SODIUM ACETYLATED HYALURONATEA type of hyaluronic acid that works as an excellent moisturizer by attracting water into the upper layer of the skin. Is typically feels less sticky on the skin compared to the usual hyaluronic acid HYDROXYPROLINEIs helpful in restoring skin barrier function supporting its moisture levels. Is claimed to stimulte collagen production in skin but evidence is lacking PHYTOSTERYL MACADAMIATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin PASSIFLORA INCARNATA SEED OILA plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Contains essential oil that can be irritating SILYBUM MARIANUM SEED OILA plant oil that contains essential oils that can be irritating. Can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant activity but evidence is lacking PORPHYRA UMBILICALIS EXTRACTAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have an anti-oxidant effect in skin but evidence is lacking TRIHYDROXYSTEARINHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and improve the product texture DIMETHICONE CROSSPOLYMERUsed to create a thicker product texture. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and might be able to prevent moisture loss from its surface SACCHAROMYCES/COPPER FERMENTYeast extract that contains copper. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help in skin wound healing SACCHAROMYCES/MAGNESIUM FERMENTYeast extract that contains magnesium. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing SACCHAROMYCES/IRON FERMENTYeast extract that contains iron. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing SACCHAROMYCES/SILICON FERMENTYeast extract that contains silicon. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing SACCHAROMYCES/ZINC FERMENTYeast extract that contains zinc. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing THEOBROMA CACAO SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effect COCO-CAPRYLATE/CAPRATEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin without creating a greasy texture DIISOSTEARYL MALATEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin PHYTOSTERYL/ISOSTEARYL/CETYL/STEARYL/BEHENYL DIMER DILINOLEATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency EUPHORBIA CERIFERA CERAHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and thickens the product's texture CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OILA plant oil that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier. Might have some anti-oxidant effect HYDROGENATED SUNFLOWER SEED OIL MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin MONASCUS EXTRACTA yeast extract that might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin ARACHIDYL ALCOHOLUsed to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency TRIBEHENINUsed to create a thicker product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though. VITIS VINIFERA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin, but is less potent than the extract from the seeds CASTANEA SATIVA SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals SOY AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin OLUS OILAn oil from a mixture of different vegetables. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin CHONDRUS CRISPUSRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistency ISOSTEARYL NEOPENTANOATEUsed to create a nice product texture and helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could be comedogenic DIISOPROPYL SEBACATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin without creatng a greasy finish GLYCERYL GLUCOSIDECan help to restore skin barrier function and soften its upper layer SACCHARIDE HYDROLYSATE HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OILAn oil from a mixture of different vegetables. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin VEGETABLE OILAn oil from a mixture of different vegetables. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin PEG-8 BEESWAXHelps water and oil mix together while softening the upper layer of the skin. Can be an allergen (beeswax)POLYGLYCERYL-6 DISTEARATEHelps oil and water mix together while softening the upper layer of the skin ROSA DAMASCENA FLOWER WAXIs likely to contain rose essential oil that can be irritating. Typically used for its fragrance and to create a thicker product consistency ROSA CENTIFOLIA FLOWER WAXIs likely to contain an essential oil that can be irritating. Typically used for its fragrance and to create a thicker product consistency ALTEROMONAS FERMENT EXTRACTA marine extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory properties but research is lacking PPG-15 STEARYL ETHERHelp soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency HYDROXYPROPYL TETRAHYDROPYRANTRIOLA sugar-derived compound that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to stimulate synthesis of skin's own moisturizing factors, but solid research is lacking. It could be irritating PCANaturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer ALANINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lacking SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATEIs naturally present in skin. Helps to attract water to its upper layer ATELOCOLLAGENA protein that helps to attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles CALCIUM GLUCONATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and helps to improve appearance of the product MANNITOLHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin MANGANESE GLUCONATEMight be able to help restore skin barrier function supporting its hydration ZINC GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin SERINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles THREONINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles LYSINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles HISTIDINE HCLA salt of an amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function HISTIDINE LYSINE HCL CITRULLINEAn amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin GLUTAMIC ACIDAn amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin GLYCOGENHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin GALACTOARABINANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin MICROCOCCUS LYSATEConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"PORIA COCOS SCLEROTIUM EXTRACTA mushroom extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to help reduce irritation and support restoration of skin barrier FAEXYeast extract. Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin CARYOCAR BRASILIENSE FRUIT OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Can contain an essential oil that can be irritating ASTROCARYUM MURUMURU SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could be comedogenic due to the myrisic acid content CAPRYLYL METHICONEA type of silicone that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product finish on the skin METHICONEA type of silicone that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduces the water loss from the skin surface MYRISTYL ALCOHOLHelps to stabilize the product formulation while softening the upper layer of the skin. Can be irritating BETA-GLUCANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles BORAGO OFFICINALIS SEED OILA plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydration GLUCONOLACTONEA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals LACTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity ACETYL CARNITINE HCLMight be helpful in decreasing sebum production making the skin less oily. Is claimed to be able to support ceramide production in skin that leads to better hydration, but evidence is lacking. Is able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin ORBIGNYA OLEIFERA SEED OILA plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in calming down inflammation in skin HYDROLYZED RICE PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM EXTRACTSugar extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin ARTEMIA EXTRACTZooplankton extract that can attract water to the upper level of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effect BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss from its surface COPPER GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing HEXYL LAURATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC/MYRISTIC/STEARIC TRIGLYCERIDEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-19A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles DEXTRINA sugar that is used to stabilize the product formulation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin GLYCERYL ACRYLATE/ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMERHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and provide a longer-lasting hydration. Can create a thicker product consistency GELIDIELLA ACEROSA EXTRACTAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant properties MAGNESIUM ASPARTATEMight be helpful in restoring skin barrier function and calm down inflammation in skin CYCLOPENTASILOXANEA silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absord oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin ORYZA SATIVA BRAN OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties CERA MICROCRISTALLINAHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss from its surface and create a thicker product consistency MALTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is genter than AHAs. In addition, it helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals HYDROXYETHYL UREAA derivative of urea, a compound that is naturally present in skin. Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients HEPTYL UNDECYLENATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss from the skin surface over time and create a nice product finish PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS SEED OILA plant oil that works as a good moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin and reducing blemishes due to the large content of linoleic acid ROSA CANINA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might have anti-oxidant properties. Might help reduce inflammation in skin and help against blemishes CAESALPINIA SPINOSA GUM HYDROLYZED CAESALPINIA SPINOSA GUMHelps softent the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency STEVIA REBAUDIANA EXTRACTA plant extract that adds a sweat taste to products (for example, for lip products). Might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect PYRUS COMMUNIS FRUIT EXTRACTCan have some moisturizing properties due to its sugar content DICAPRYLYL ETHERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin while creating a non-greasy feel on the skin. Helps to dissolve other ingredients ZINC PCAA compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missing GLYCERYL STEARATE CITRATEHelps oil and water mix together while softening the upper layer of the skin CUCUMIS SATIVUS OILA plant oil that works as a great moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Due to the high linoleic acid content, can help reduce inflammation in skin SQUALENEAn oil that is naturally part of skin sebum that helps to soften its upper layer, reduce water loss and neutralize free radicals. It might be comedogenic. Avoid applying large concentrations (or pure oil) before sun exposure as oxidized squalene can clog pores and lead to skin irritation. Today squalene is mostly derived from vegetable oils or synthetized by yeast DUNALIELLA SALINA EXTRACTA green micro-algae extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but solid evidence is lacking. It helps to soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROGENATED STARCH HYDROLYSATEHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can add sweet taste to lip products HYDROGENATED CASTOR OILA plant oil that can help soften the skin. It might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but solid research is lacking. Is often used in lip products to create the needed product consistency DICAPRYLYL MALEATEUsed to dissolve other ingredients, create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin. Can be an allergen CASTOR ISOSTEARATE SUCCINATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and add shine to its surface MALTOOLIGOSYL GLUCOSIDEHelps water and oil mix together and can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin ELAEIS GUINEENSIS OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin OLIVINE EXTRACTA mineral, magnesium iron silicate. It can help add minerals to the surface of the skin that might be helpful for its barrier function. It is claimed to be able to support collagen production but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking SOLUBLE COLLAGENA typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED COLLAGENA typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin JOJOBA ALCOHOL PALMITOYL PROLINEAn amino-acid that helps attract watet to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-aging properties ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL OCTAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles MAGNESIUM PALMITOYL GLUTAMATEAn amino acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful against lines and wrinkles, but evidence of effectiveness is lacking CARNITINE HCLMight be helpful in decreasing sebum production making the skin less oily. Is claimed to be able to support ceramide production in skin that leads to better hydration, but evidence is lacking. Is able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin ETHYLHEXYL HYDROXYSTEARATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce water loss from it RICE AMINO ACIDSHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin CHITOSANInhibits acne-causing bacteria on the surface of the skin. Can help to reduce inflammation caused by bacteria. Helps neutralize free radicals in skin. Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin ETHYL LINOLEATEHelps reduce acne and blemishes. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce inflammation. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lacking SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might have an antioxidant effect and help attract water to the upper layer of the skin SESAMUM INDICUM SEED OILA good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function ALANYL GLUTAMINEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles BETA-SITOSTEROLA phytosterol that can support skin's barrier function and help the skin stay hydrated POLYGLYCERYL-10 STEARATEHelps water and oil mix together and softens the upper layer of the skin COCOS NUCIFERA WATERMight help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin SELAGINELLA LEPIDOPHYLLA EXTRACTA plant extract that might be able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and have some antioxidant effect, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking CARNOSINEA type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damage ERYTHRITOLHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin PANTHENYL ETHYL ETHERHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function ZEA MAYS OILA good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED WAXHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function while creating a thicker product consistency POLYGLYCERIN-3Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM SEED OILA good emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and, due to the high linoleic acid content, can support the skin's barrier function VACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED OILA plant oil that can help neutralize free radicals, soften the upper layer of the skin, and support skin's barrier function SHEA BUTTER ETHYL ESTERSHelps soften the upper layer of the skin C12-15 ALKYL ETHYLHEXANOATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product finish CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC/STEARIC TRIGLYCERIDEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture POLYMETHYLSILSESQUIOXANE/SILICA CROSSPOLYMERA type of silicone that helps add a "soft focus" effect on the surface of the skin and create a nice product texture HYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINONEAn analogue of coenzyme Q10 that has a lower molecular weight, which can improve its ability to penetrate the skin. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen LYCIUM BARBARUM FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layer PLANKTON EXTRACTCan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF JUICE POWDERTraditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin PARAFFINPrevents water loss from the skin surface and thickens the product consistency CANOLA OILA plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin HONEYHelps attract water to the skin and might have some anti-bacterial properties. Can be an allergen C12-14 ISOPARAFFINHelps soften the upper layer of the skin, dissolve other ingredients and create a thicker product consistency SCENEDESMUS RUBESCENS EXTRACTA micro-algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support its barrier function, amd might help neutralize free radicals, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking TRIDECYL STEARATEUsed to create a thicker product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin TRIDECYL TRIMELLITATEUsed to create a thicker product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin HEXYLDECYL STEARATEHelps create a nice product feeling on the skin and help soften its upper layer POLYQUATERNIUM-67Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product finish SEA WHIP EXTRACTMight help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin AGARPolysaccharide derived from seaweed. Used to create a thicker product consistency and might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin GLUCONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals LACTOCOCCUS FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin PHOSPHOLIPIDSEmollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product LACTOBACILLUS/ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA LEAF FERMENT FILTRATEFermented bamboo. Is used to create a nice product texture. Might have some antioxidant effect DIHEPTYL SUCCINATEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice product finish on the skin OLIGOPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SALVIA HISPANICA SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that typically contains linolenic and linoleic acids that help soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function PHYTOSTERYL CANOLA GLYCERIDESHelps soften the upper layer of the skin TRIOLEINHelps soften the upper layer of the skin OLEIC ACIDHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. At the same time, it can weaken the skin's barrier enhancing penetration of other ingredients and increasing the risk of skin dryness TAMARINDUS INDICA SEED GUMHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product finish on the skin LITHOTHAMNION CALCAREUM EXTRACTA mineral-rich extract from red algae. Might be able to help attract water to the upper layer of the skin MACADAMIA TERNIFOLIA SEED OILPlant oil from nuts that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Contains a high concentration of oleic acid that can weaken skin's barrier function and increase water-loss while enhancing penetration of other ingredients ACETYL HYDROXYPROLINEAn amino-acid that can support ceramides production in skin and reduce water-loss BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER UNSAPONIFIABLESA great moisturizing ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals SESAMUM INDICUM SEED EXTRACTPlant oil that due to its high content of linoleic acid can help support skin's barrier function improving its hydration GRIFOLA FRONDOSA FRUITING BODY EXTRACTMushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be able to stimulate sebum production in skin SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED EXTRACTPlant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin ALOE BARBADENSIS EXTRACTTraditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin RICE FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties ROSA RUBIGINOSA SEED OILPlant oil that due to the high content of linoleic acid can support skin's barrier function and reduce moisture loss TREMELLA FUCIFORMIS SPOROCARP EXTRACTMushroom extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin ELAEIS GUINEENSIS KERNEL OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin CALCIUM PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin GALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked pores ALTHAEA ROSEA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that has some anti-inflammatory properties, can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and is also used to thicken the product formulations LACTOBACILLUS/RICE FERMENT FILTRATEA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus out of rice. The fermented product helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking TARAXACUM PLATYCARPUM EXTRACTA plant extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin PORTULACA OLERACEA EXTRACTA plant extract that has some anti-oxidant activity, but solid research is lacking. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin PERILLA OCYMOIDES SEED OILA plant extract that works as an emollient. It might help neutralize free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Contains some volatile compounds and could be irritating SACCHAROMYCES/IMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT FERMENT EXTRACTYeast extract obtained from a plant root (cogon grass). It works as an excellent humectant attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Can have some anti-inflammatory effect LACTOBACILLUS/SOYBEAN FERMENT EXTRACTA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus out of soybean. The fermented product helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and has anti-bacterial properties. It might be helpful in calming down inflammation and could be helpful in evening out skin tone, but studies are lacking HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE GLYCERIDESHelp soften the upper layer of the skin ECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM SEED OILA plant oil that because of its high content of alpha-linolenic acid help support skin barrier function and moisturize the skin PANTOLACTONEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin FRUCTOSEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin APHANIZOMENON FLOS-AQUAE EXTRACTAn extract from ablue-green algae. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to neutralize free radicals 10-HYDROXYDECANOIC ACIDHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and slow down the water loss from its surface 2-OLEAMIDO-1,3-OCTADECANEDIOLHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and slow down the water loss over time 3-GLYCERYL ASCORBATEA moisturizing vitamin C derivative. It is considered to be one of the most stable ones. It is effective in neutralizing free radicals and can help to even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration ACACIA DECURRENS/JOJOBA/SUNFLOWER SEED WAX POLYGLYCERYL-3 ESTERSHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture UREANaturally present in skin (urea makes up about 7% of natural moisturizing factors in skin). Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Also has a positive effect on the skin barrier beyond the humectant action. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients. Is an exfoliating ingredient when used in high concentrations ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-15A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles MILKMight have some moisturizing properties ARGININE HCLAn amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM EXTRACTBrown seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect ASPARAGOPSIS ARMATA EXTRACTRed seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect ASPARTIC ACIDAn amino-acid that helps increase skin hydration and might help to slightly improve skin firmness, potentially reducing lines and wrinkles NIACINA form of vitamin B3. It is similar in action to niacinamide, but is more likely to cause red flashes in skin as the side effect CALCIUM PANTOTHENATEHelps support skin barrier function improving skin hydration and reducing sensitivity CARNITINE CETEARYL DIMETHICONE CROSSPOLYMERHelps create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin CHONDRUS CRISPUS POWDERA powder from red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistency COCOS NUCIFERA FRUIT EXTRACTAn emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenic CORALLINA OFFICINALIS EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might contain antioxidants HALIDRYS SILIQUOSA EXTRACTExtract from large brown algae that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED JOJOBA ESTERSHelps soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROGENATED JOJOBA OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED SODIUM HYALURONATEAttracts water into the upper layer of the skin HYDROXYPALMITOYL SPHINGANINEA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin LANOLIN OILSebum of wool-bearing animals (most commonly sheep). Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce the skin water loss. In rare cases could be an allergen. Not suitable for vegans PORTULACA PILOSA EXTRACT TAMARINDUS INDICA EXTRACTA plant extract that might have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in skin but solid evidence is lacking UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACTA seaweed extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have an anti-oxidant effect HYDROLYZED PRUNUS DOMESTICAA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties HEXYLDECANOLHelps soften the upper layer of the skin HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OIL UNSAPONIFIABLESA great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function CETYLHYDROXYPROLINE PALMITAMIDEA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Is unlikely to be helpful in restoring skin barrier function due to the low content of linoleic acid BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS STEROLSHelp soften the upper layer of the skin PONGAMIA GLABRA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin HOMARINE HCLMight help to improve skin hydration levels HONEY EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin SACCHAROMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA product of yeast fermentation. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin SACCHAROMYCES FERMENTA product of yeast fermentation. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin SHOREA STENOPTERA SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function ISOPROPYL LAUROYL SARCOSINATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency ISOPROPYL STEARATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin LAURYL PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin PALMARIA PALMATA EXTRACTRed algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin PROPOLIS EXTRACTA complex substance produced by honey bees. Can have anti-bacterial and some anti-oxidant effect. Is an allergen and can be irritating SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin STEARYL DIMETHICONEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin SYNTHETIC BEESWAXHelps soften the upper layer of the skin MADECASSOSIDEAn antioxidant that is typically derived from plant Centella Asiatica. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and support skin barrier function. It could, however, itself be irritating. It is often unstable in formulations ECTOINSoftens the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservative GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANSLong sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANSLong sugars that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin PANTOTHENIC ACIDHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and may help reduce inflammation in skin TRIPEPTIDE-10 CETYL RICINOLEATEAn emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin LANOLIN ALCOHOLHelps oil and water mix together. Can be irritating ELAEIS GUINEENSIS BUTTERA type of palm oil. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin ISOMALTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin CRAMBE ABYSSINICA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin ADANSONIA DIGITATA OILBaobab oil. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin PHYTOLMight be helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Is claimed by the manufacturer to have other skin benefits but any evidence is lacking. Can be irritating SALVIA HISPANICA SEED OILChia seed oil. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in repairing skin barrier SALVIA HISPANICA SEED PIPTADENIA COLUBRINA PEEL EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Preliminary research has shown that the extract contains chemicals that might be able to support skin hydration in other ways, but the evidence is lacking ARGININE PCAAn amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals in skin TRIETHYLHEXANOINHelps soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract. Can help attract water the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII OIL POLYGLUTAMIC ACIDHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. PISTACIA VERA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin CANNABIS SATIVA SEED EXTRACT CANNABIS SATIVA SEED OILA plant oil that due to its high linoleic acid content can help strengthen skin's barrier function and soften its upper layer POLYGLYCERYL-10 DECAOLEATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin LAURYL LAURATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin DILINOLEIC ACID HYDROXYPROPYL BISPALMITAMIDE MEA GUAIAZULENEA blue-colored ingredient that is traditionally used as a colorant. It has anti-inflammatory properties. For example, it is successfully used to treat diaper rash for new borns. It can help support the skin barrier by reducing inflammation ADENOSINEMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin PROLINE NARINGENINA flavanoid that can be found in high concentrations in grapefruits, oranges, other citrus fruits, and tomato skin. Early studies suggest that it might be able to help reduce inflammation in skin and neutralize free radicals METHYLSILANOL HYDROXYPROLINE ASPARTATEAn amino-acid. There is not strong evidence of a particular beneficial effect for skin in topical applications, beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin OLIGOPEPTIDE-68A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles VINYL DIMETHICONEA type of silicone that helps to create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin TRIHEPTANOINA synthetic triglyceride. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin LYSOLECITHINLecithin derivative. It helps oil and water mix together and can enhance penetration of other ingredients. It helps soften the upper layer of the skin PANTHENYL TRIACETATEA stable oil-soluble derivative of vitamin B5. It can help support skin barrier and reduce inflammation in skin AMINOPROPYL DIMETHICONEA type of silicone. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture ALEURITES MOLUCCANUS SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin ACETYL FARNESYLCYSTEINEA synthetic amino-acid that might help calm down inflammation in skin and reduce its irritation, but conclusive studies are not available at the moment. It can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin barrier LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACIDA phospholipid. It is naturally present in skin and plays a signaling role there. It is involved in cell prolifiratio, skin inflammatory responses and wound healing. In cosmetics, it might help to support the skin barrier function ISOLEUCINEAn amino acid that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function C15-19 ALKANEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture MALTITOLHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin CETYL DIMETHICONEA type of silicone. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice, light product texture METHYL DIHYDROABIETATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin OENOTHERA BIENNIS OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function MAGNESIUM GLUCONATEA mineral that might be able to support skin hydration, but convincing research on its effectiveness in topical skincare is lacking DIISOPROPYL ADIPATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin DIETHYLHEXYL SUCCINATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture GLYCERYL STEARATESHelp soften the upper layer of the skin POLYMETHYLSILSESQUIOXANEA silicone that improves product texture and helps dissolve other ingredients. Can form a non-greasy film on the skin to prevent moisture loss CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS OLEOSOMESHelps soften the upper layer of the skin DIBUTYL ADIPATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency UBIQUINONECoenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen HYDROLYZED LINSEED EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin ASIATICOSIDEAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid), asiaticoside has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritating MADECASSIC ACIDAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (asiaticoside, madecasosside and asiatic acid), madecassic acid has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritating HYDROLYZED MILK PROTEIN GLYCOSYL TREHALOSE GLYCOPROTEINS TYROSINE FAEX EXTRACTYeast extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin ORYZA SATIVA BRAN WATERMight be somewhat helpful for attracting water to the upper layer of the skin RASPBERRY SEED OIL/PALM OIL AMINOPROPANEDIOL ESTERSHelps soften the upper layer of the skin COENOCHLORIS SIGNIENSIS EXTRACTAn algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and neutralize free radicals HYDROLYZED OAT PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA EXTRACTAn algae extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicals in skin MEDICAGO SATIVA SEED POWDERMight help soften the upper layer of the skin and help thicken the product formulation. It might have some anti-oxidant effect VIGNA RADIATA SEED EXTRACTBean extract that in theory might help to reduce hyperpigmentation, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are missing AVENA SATIVA KERNEL OILAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties PERSEA GRATISSIMA OIL UNSAPONIFIABLESHelps soften the upper layer of the skin ETHYLHEXYL COCOATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin C13-14 ALKANEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin COLLOIDAL GOLD/CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF POWDERMight provide some anti-oxidant benefits and help attract water to the upper layer of the skin C8-12 ACID TRIGLYCERIDEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin MAURITIA FLEXUOSA FRUIT OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin CANNABIDIOL - SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCEDCBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier function CANNABIDIOL - DERIVED FROM EXTRACT OR TINCTURE OR RESIN OF CANNABISCBD. Can bind to skin cell receptors and can reduce inflammation, itching, and help support skin barrier function LUPINUS ALBUS SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that helps soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain a peptide (Myoxinol). It could be helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-aging effect, but the research is lacking and it is rarely used in a high enough concentration OLEOYL DIPEPTIDE-15A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles BIS-PEG-12 DIMETHICONEA type of silicone. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin CENTELLA ASIATICA LEAF CELL EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. It can be irritating to sensitive skin. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It could, however, itself be irritating.CENTELLA ASIATICA FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation in skin, support restoration of skin barrier function, as well as support collagen production. Contains active compounds called centelloids: asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Might be helpful in preventing stretch marks. It can be itself be irritating though. ASIATIC ACIDAn active compound of Centella Asiatica plant extract. In combination with other active compounds of Centella Asiatica extract (asiaticoside, madecasosside and madecassic acid) asiatic acid has been shown to be helpful in wound-healing, restoring skin barrier function and supporting collagen production in skin. It can, however, itself be irritating THEOBROMA GRANDIFLORUM SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and might as well help to attract moisture to its upper layer PEG-8 DIMETHICONEA type of silicone that can help create nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin PEG/PPG-20/6 DIMETHICONEA type of silicone. Helps create a nice product texture and can help soften the upper layer of the skin CUCUMIS SATIVUS JUICECucumber juice. Might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, but mostly works as plain water in skincare POTASSIUM GLUCONATEA mineral that might be able to support skin hydration, but convincing research on its effectiveness in topical skincare is lacking COENZYME AHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and dissolve other ingredients in a product CHENOPODIUM QUINOA SEED OILA plant oil that contains a high percentage of linoleic acid. It softens the upper layer of the skin and can help strengthen the skin barrier BUPLEURUM FALCATUM ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin, but it is not well studied. It can be irritating SPIRAEA ULMARIA LEAF EXTRACTAn algae extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin LACTOBACILLUS FERMENT LYSATEA "broth" with parts of dead cells of lactobacteria. Might be helpful supporting diverse microbiome in skin, but evidence is lacking BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin PRUNUS DOMESTICA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin PPG-10 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHERHelps create a nice product texture and can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin OPHIOPOGON JAPONICUS ROOT EXTRACTPlant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and support skin barrier function, but research on its effectiveness in skin is lacking PEG-40Helps dissolve other ingredients. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin MELHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and attract water to it ALPHA-GLUCAN OLIGOSACCHARIDEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin COPPER PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin ACER SACCHARUM SAP EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin PEARL POWDERConsists of 95% calcium carbonate that does not have any effect on the skin. The remaining 5% can include compounds that can help neutralize free radicals and support skin barrier function ALGINUsed to thicken product formulation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin SACCHAROMYCES/BARLEY SEED FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and can help attract water to its upper layers SISYMBRIUM IRIO SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Could help reduce inflammation due to high content of linolenic acid INULINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is claimed to support the growth of "good" bacteria in skin (as a "prebiotic"), but the research is lacking DECYL OLEATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin GLYCERYL UNDECYLENATEHelps oil and water mix together and helps preserve the product formulation POTASSIUM AZELOYL DIGLYCINATEA derivative of azelaic acid. It is obtained by reacting the chloride of azelaic acid with two molecules of glycine (an amino acid) and potassium hydroxide. It is less studied than azelaic acid, but the available research suggests that it also can be effective in reducing skin redness, hyperpigmentation and blemishes. There are claims that it is more bio-available and more effective than azelaic acid, but no comparison study is available. Potassium azeloyl diglycinate is better soluble in water compared with azelaic acid. Because of this property, products with potassium azeloyl digclycinate can have a nicer texture SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASEAn antioxidant enzyme that is naturally present in skin. It can help support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin. It is used in topical medications for inflammatory skin conditions including atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis. There are three types of natural Superoxide Dismutase in human skin. The compound used in topical treatments and cosmetics are mimics of typically one of these natural variants PRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS SEEDHelps soften the upper layer of the skin CERAMIDE 5 SPHINGOLIPIDSSphingolipids are a group of lipids with a common chemical structure. Some of them are naturally present in skin and can be converted to ceramides GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDSA type of lipids naturally present in skin. They can be converted to ceramides in skin CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC GLYCERIDESHelp soften the upper layer of the skin GLUTATHIONEA peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin ANANAS SATIVUS FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin, but there is no evidence for any other benefits to the skin MANGIFERA INDICA FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. There is no evidence of other benefits in skin PLEIOGYNIUM TIMORIENSE FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking PODOCARPUS ELATUS FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is missing NEOPENTYL GLYCOL DICAPRATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin SILK AMINO ACIDSMight help attract water to the upper layer of the skin TARTARIC ACIDAn AHA (alpha-hydroxy acid). It oxidizes quickly which makes it less effective in skincare formulations. It can support skin's barrier and moisture levels PRUNUS ARMENIACA FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might have some antioxidant properties and might help attract water to the skin, but evidence of effectiveness is lacking CUCUMIS MELO CANTALUPENSIS FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is missing POLYGLYCERYL-10 OLEATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin GLUCOSE OXIDASEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin LACTOPEROXIDASEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In theory, could support healthy skin's microbiome, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking GLYCERYL LINOLENATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin SH-POLYPEPTIDE-16A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CYANOCOBALAMINCan support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin PUNICA GRANATUM SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin PALMITOYL DIPEPTIDE-28 D-SERINE DIPEPTIDE-7 PALMITAMIDE PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties PROPYLENE GLYCOL DICAPRYLATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture TETRADECYL AMINOBUTYROYLVALYLAMINOBUTYRIC UREA TRIFLUOROACETATEA peptide. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, support skin's barrier function and might have some slight anti-aging effect through stimulating skin's own production of hyaluronic acid PENTAERYTHRITOLHelps create a nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin MELIA AZADIRACHTA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function due to the high linoleic acid content BUTYLENE GLYCOL DICAPRYLATE/DICAPRATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROLYZED JOJOBA PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin OCTYLDODECYL STEARATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin DIETHYLHEXYL CARBONATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDHas been shown to support wound healing and skin barrier function when used topically in rats. Is likely to be effective in supporting skin's hydration and barrier function, but research for human skin is missing. Might have some anti-aging properties but the research is missing HYDROGENATED OLIVE OIL UNSAPONIFIABLESHelp soften the upper layer of the skin TETRAPEPTIDE-36A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles TETRAPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PENTACLETHRA MACROLOBA SEED OILA plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. It mostly contains oleic acid that according to some studies can increase transepidermal water loss, but might have an anti-inflammatory effect TETRAPEPTIDE-40A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SPROUT EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can help support the skin barrier PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-28 PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-31A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HEXAPEPTIDE-42A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HEXAPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII EXTRACTA red algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant properties TRIPEPTIDE-13A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles AZELAOYL BIS-DIPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS LEAF/ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. It can be irritating HYDROXYMETHOXYPHENYL DECANONEAn anti-oxidant. It might be able to neutralize free radicals in skin. The manufacturer claims that it is able to stimulate synthesis of hyaluronic acid in skin, but there is no evidence of effectiveness of this ingredient so far CYSTEINEMight help neutralize free radicals in skin and might be helpful against hyperpigmentation LAUROYL LYSINEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice product texture PSEUDOZYMA EPICOLA/CAMELLIA SINENSIS SEED OIL/GLUCOSE/MALT EXTRACT/SOYBEAN FLOUR/YEAST EXTRACT FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free radicals ISOSORBIDE DICAPRYLATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. Early studies suggest that it can help strengthen the skin barrier ACETYL SH-HEPTAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles BIOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles MYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles N-PROLYL PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-56 ACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA HEXAPEPTIDE-40 SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CRITHMUM MARITIMUM CALLUS CULTURE FILTRATEA plant cell extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties COPPER HEPTAPEPTIDE-14 PANTOTHENATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CYCLOTETRAPEPTIDE-24 AMINOCYCLOHEXANE CARBOXYLATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles DECAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles DECAPEPTIDE-22A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles EGG YOLK EXTRACTMight help moisturize the skin FERULOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HEXAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM EXTRACTA red algae extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have an antioxidant effect DIETHYLHEXYL ADIPATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin CARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE SEED OILA plant oil with a high content of linoleic acid that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and helps strengthen the skin barrier. It is an excellent moisturizer. Might have an anti-oxidant effect C13-16 ISOPARAFFINIs mostly used to dissolve other ingredients. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might be comedogenic when used in high concentrations COPERNICIA CERIFERA CERABrazilian palm wax. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin UNDECANEHelps create a non-greasy finish on the skin FRAGARIA ANANASSA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin PEG/PPG/POLYBUTYLENE GLYCOL-8/5/3 GLYCERINHelps create a nice product texture and attract water to the upper layer of the skin LACTOSEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA HEXAPEPTIDE-40 SH-POLYPEPTIDE-76A fusion peptide that combines peptides produced by human and plant cells. It might have anti-aging effect in skin and can help the skin moisturization PHORMIUM TENAX SEED OILA plant oil rich in linoleic acid. Can help soften the upper layer of the skin and support the barrier function POLYGLYCERYL-2 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATEHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin NITROSOMONAS EUTROPHAAmmonia oxidising bacteria. There is convincing evidence that these bacteria are beneficial for the skin beyond an effect of a simple moisturizer. Existing studies are of a poor quality. HYDROLYZED ALGAE EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin SH-POLYPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HYDROGENATED POLY(C6-14 OLEFIN)Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture MILK PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin SPIRULINA PLATENSIS EXTRACTAn algae extract. Might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have an anti-oxidant effect HYDROGENATED STYRENE/METHYLSTYRENE/INDENE COPOLYMERHelps form a film on the skin surface NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA SH-POLYPEPTIDE-15 HEXAPEPTIDE-40 ASPERGILLUS FERMENTAn extract from fungus (mold) that typically appears on rice. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, might help neutralize free radicals and possibly somewhat reduce hyperpigmentation OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA SEED OILA plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin's barrier function due to its high content of linoleic acid. It also has anti-microbial properties RHAMNOSEHelps oil and water mix together. It also helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDESHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin IMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT EXTRACTA plat extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layer LACTOBACILLUSA non-living ingredient made by fermentation with the bacteria Lactobacillus. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help reduce inflammation SARCOSINEHelps to enhance the penetration of other ingredients and attract water to the upper layer of the skin CAPRYLYL CAPRYLATE/CAPRATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin VITIS VINIFERA OILA great emollient that can also have anti-oxidant properties MALVA SYLVESTRIS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might help in reducing inflammation DENDROBIUM NOBILE EXTRACTA plant extract has antimicrobal properties and might help reduce inflammation PROPYLHEPTYL CAPRYLATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin OLEA EUROPAEA OIL UNSAPONIFIABLESHelp soften the upper layer of the skin DIPHENYLSILOXY PHENYL TRIMETHICONEHelp improve the product's texture HYDROLYZED CORN STARCHHelps improve the product texture ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to reduce inflammation NIGELLA SATIVA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and support the skin's barrier due to the high content of linoleic acid VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin, support the skin's barrier function and might help neutralize free radicals HELIANTHUS ANNUUS HYBRID OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin STEARYL BEHENATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED CERAHelps soften the upper layer of the skin DIBUTYL ETHYLHEXANOYL GLUTAMIDEHelps improve the product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACTA plant stem cell extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation in skin ALCALIGENES POLYSACCHARIDESHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin GARCINIA MANGOSTANA FRUIT EXTRACTA fruit extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles NICOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HELIANTHUS ANNUUS EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROGENATED PALM OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin PRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS SEED EXTRACTAlmond extract (oil) - helps soften the upper layer of the skin ROSA DAMASCENA FLOWER OILUsed as a fragrance. Can be irritating LACTOBACILLUS FERMENT FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might support the healthy skin microbiome TANACETUM ANNUUM FLOWER OILAn essential oil that has anti-inflammatory properties but also contains irritating compounds MELIA AZEDARACH FRUIT EXTRACTPlant extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can can be irritating MUSA ACUMINATA FRUIT EXTRACT LAMINARIA OCHROLEUCA EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin PERSEA GRATISSIMA FRUIT EXTRACT CUCURBITA PEPO SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin MALUS DOMESTICA FRUIT EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin ARGANIA SPINOSA SPROUT CELL EXTRACTPlant stem cell extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals PUNICA GRANATUM SEED EXTRACT LAMINARIA JAPONICA EXTRACTSeaweed extract that might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant properties MAGNESIUM CARBOXYMETHYL BETA-GLUCANHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin CAPRYLOYL GLYCINEHelps oil and water mix together, preserve cosmetic products, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin ROYAL JELLYHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin EMU OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin ISOCETYL STEAROYL STEARATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin SALICYLOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have anti-aging benefits but solid study data is lacking JUGLANS REGIA SEED OILHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin PENTAPEPTIDE-59 GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin HYDROGENATED ETHYLHEXYL OLIVATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin COLLAGENCannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROLHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. It might help reduce inflammation and support the barrier function. This compound is naturally present in animal and plant tissue TERMINALIA FERDINANDIANA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin PSIDIUM GUAJAVA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin BARLEY SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1 SACCHAROMYCES/MANGANESE FERMENTA yeast extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin CAMELINA SATIVA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin MAGNESIUM PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin MANGANESE PCAHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Often used as a part of an ingredient complex Physiogenyl together with Sodium PCA, Magnesium PCA and Zinc PCA. The manufacturer claims that it does more than attracting water, but there is no evidence or studies supporting this claim HYDROLYZED VITIS LABRUSCA SKIN EXTRACTAn extract from grape skin. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin ADANSONIA DIGITATA SEED OILHelps soften the upper layer of the skin SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE EXTRACTA yeast extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin PADINA PAVONICA EXTRACTAn algae extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin SECALE CEREALE SEED EXTRACTRye seed extract. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin HYDROGENATED PALM KERNEL GLYCERIDESHelp soften the upper layer of the skin ACETYL TYROSINAMIDEAn amino acid derivative. A manufacturer's study shows that it can help somewhat reduce wrinkles when used in combination with a low concentration of glycolic acid. No independent human in-vivo studies of this compound are available DIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have anti-aging benefits PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS EXTRACTA mushroom extract. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin PENTAPEPTIDE-48A type of peptide. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have anti-aging benefits 7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROLPro-vitamin D. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory effect in skin, but there is no research available confirming that this compound converts to vitamin D in skin or has any other benefits apart from softening the upper layer of the skin. This compound is different from the Vitamin D3 analogues used in medicine to treat psoriasis ORNITHINEAn amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin ARGANIA SPINOSA KERNEL OILAn emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Might have some weak anti-oxidant properties SACCHAROMYCES FERMENT LYSATE FILTRATEHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin POLYMNIA SONCHIFOLIA ROOT JUICEA plant extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES FRUIT OILA plant oil that might somewhat help to neutralize free radicals. It could be irritating MANGIFERA INDICA SEED BUTTERHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant effect OCTYLDODECYL NEOPENTANOATEAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Often used to stabilize other ingredients, for example, sunscreen DI-PPG-3 MYRISTYL ETHER ADIPATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF POWDERA plant extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin AVENA SATIVA KERNEL FLOURUsed to create a thicker product consistency LACTOBACILLUS/ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA FERMENT FILTRATEFermented bamboo. It is mainly used to improve the product texture EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATEA polyphenol found in tea. This particular compound abbreviated EGCG is the most powerful antioxidant among those extracted from tea (usually green tea). Unfortunately, EGCG is unstable, requires a low pH (below 4) to prevent quick degradation, and does not penetrate the skin very well. This is why the full anti-oxidant effect of EGCG is typically not realized when it is added to topical skincare SACCHAROMYCES/XYLINUM/BLACK TEA FERMENTA fermented sweet black tea. There is no studies on particular benefits of this ingredient in skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, and might have some anti-oxidant effect. It is used in skincare for mostly marketing purposes because of the popularity of kombucha drinks PROPYLENE GLYCOLHelps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin POLYGLYCERYL-6 STEARATEHelps soften the upper layer of the skin BACILLUS FERMENTA product of bacterial fermentation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin MORINGA PTERYGOSPERMA SEED EXTRACTMight help attract water to the upper layer of the skin NIACINAMIDEIs proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture OLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles NONAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL OLIGOPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE NS DILAURATE PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CAPROOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINEA component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin PALMITOYL SH-TRIPEPTIDE-4 AMIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles TETRAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles LAUROYL SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles MYRISTOYL NONAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-37A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE NGA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin ACETYL DIPEPTIDE-1 CETYL ESTERA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles MYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE ASA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin CERAMIDE 1 A GLUCOSYL CERAMIDE CERAMIDE EOSA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin DIPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE AG ACETYL DECAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE 2A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SH-POLYPEPTIDE-22A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE 1A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin OLIGOPEPTIDE-31A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HEXAPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles DIPEPTIDE DIAMINOBUTYROYL BENZYLAMIDE DIACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HEXAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SH-POLYPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE 6 IIA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles FERRIC HEXAPEPTIDE-35A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE APA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin TRIPEPTIDE-10 CITRULLINEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-30A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL DIPEPTIDE-5 DIAMINOBUTYROYL HYDROXYTHREONINE SH-OCTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE 4 MYRISTOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-16A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-56A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OCTAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE EOPA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin SH-POLYPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-32A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-41A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HEXAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-9A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-12A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles COPPER PALMITOYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-14A synthetic peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles. Can help speed up wound healing TRIFLUOROACETYL TRIPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLEOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-31A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HEXAPEPTIDE-48 HCLA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-24A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-35A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDE-5A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles TETRAPEPTIDE-14 ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles TRIPEPTIDE-32A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE NSA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin OLIGOPEPTIDE-34A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PENTAPEPTIDE-18A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles DIPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SH-POLYPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL CYCLOHEXAPEPTIDE-34A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles TETRAPEPTIDE-30 PHYTOSPHINGOSINEA type of lipid that is naturally present in skin. It might help in repairing skin barrier function and has anti-bacterial effect NIACINAMIDE/YEAST POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ARGININE/LYSINE POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles HEXANOYL DIPEPTIDE-3 NORLEUCINE ACETATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE 3A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin PENTAPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles TETRAPEPTIDE-38A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OLIGOPEPTIDES COPPER TRIPEPTIDE-1A naturally occurring peptide. One of the most studied peptides in dermatology. It is sometimes abbreviated GHK-Cu. Belongs to the class of carrier peptides. It stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen in skin. It is released in skin wounds and inflammation to support healing. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin and can stimulate hair growth. There are preliminary studies that confirm that copper tripeptide can help support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles and decrease inflammation in skin. ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-30A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-17A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CAPROOYL SPHINGOSINEA component of ceramides. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin HEPTAPEPTIDE-15 PALMITATEA type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PENTAPEPTIDE-34 TRIFLUOROACETATEA type of peptide that works as a great moisturizer. It might also have some anti-aging effect and help neutralize free radicals in skin DIPEPTIDE-4A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles CERAMIDE NPA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin SH-POLYPEPTIDE-45A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-52A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL DIPEPTIDE-10A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-2A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles ASCORBIC ACID POLYPEPTIDEA type of peptide. Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles OCTAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SH-POLYPEPTIDE-8A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles TETRAPEPTIDE-21A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-38A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SH-DECAPEPTIDE-7A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SH-POLYPEPTIDE-11A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles GLUCOSYL CERAMIDE NP LINOLEIC ACIDAn excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores TRIPEPTIDE-29 ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-38 ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-49 OLIGOPEPTIDE-9 PALMITOYL DECAPEPTIDE-21 PALMITOYL HEPTAPEPTIDE-18 PALMITOYL HEXAPEPTIDE-14 PALMITOYL SH-TRIPEPTIDE-5 NORISOLEUCYL SH-NONAPEPTIDE-1 PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-50 PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-1 ACETATE PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-37 PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-8 PANTOTHENIC ACID/YEAST POLYPEPTIDE PENTAPEPTIDE-28 PISUM SATIVUM PEPTIDE RH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33 SACCHAROMYCES POLYPEPTIDES SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-33 SH-PENTAPEPTIDE-19 SH-POLYPEPTIDE-1A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles SH-POLYPEPTIDE-59 SH-POLYPEPTIDE-7 TETRAPEPTIDE-23 TRIPEPTIDE-3 TROLOXOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33 VALPROOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE-33 ZINC PALMITOYL NONAPEPTIDE-14 N-ACETYL DIHYDROSPHINGOSINE ACETYLPHYTOSPHINGOSINE CERAMIDE NG DILAURATE PHYTOSPHINGOSINE GLYCOLATE TETRAACETYLPHYTOSPHINGOSINE TRIACETYL RETINOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINE TRIMETHYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINE IODIDE HYDROLYZED SOYBEAN FIBER LINUM USITATISSIMUM SEED OIL COLLOIDAL OATMEAL EXTRACTHelps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammation PLACENTAL PROTEIN RH-OLIGOPEPTIDE-17 CUCUMIS SATIVUS FRUIT WATER GARCINIA INDICA SEED BUTTERHelps soften the upper layer of the skin. It mostly contains oleic acid which is not the most effective emollient to prevent water loss, but might have an anti-inflammatory effect TREMELLA FUCIFORMIS EXTRACTA mushroom extract that might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin LACTOBACILLUS/KELP FERMENT FILTRATE CHENOPODIUM QUINOA SEED EXTRACTHelps soften the upper layer of the skin SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might be able to help decrease inflammation in skin and have an anti-oxidant effect ULMUS DAVIDIANA ROOT EXTRACTA plant root extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It might have an anti-inflammatory effect and could help neturalize free radicals in skin

Evens skin tone

1-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXENYL-1-PENTEN-3-ONE ASCORBYL TETRAISOPALMITATEA vitamin C derivative. Studies show that is might be effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, but there are no studies confirming that it is effectively converted into the bioavailable form of Vitamin C in skin. It is not clear how this derivative compares in effectiveness to the topical application of bioavailable form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACTCan contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDEA vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Has a potential to boost collagen production, nutralise free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products ACETYL GLUCOSAMINEAn effective moisturizing ingredient that also has been shown to be effective in evening out the skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help somewhat reduce wrinkles in skin GLUCOSAMINE HCLMight be able to stimulate production of skin's natural moisturizing compounds such as hyaluronic acid. Could be helpful for evening the skin tone.GLYCINE SOJA SEED EXTRACTAn emollient that helps soften the skin. Might be somewhat helpful in evening the skin tone.GLYCOLIC ACIDAn alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals LACTIC ACIDAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) N-HYDROXYSUCCINIMIDEIs claimed to be able to brighten skin tone by removing some blood-related pigmented compounds in skin (hemoglobin and related elements) but solid research is missing. Can be irritating NIACINAMIDEIs proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture PALMITOYL GRAPEVINE SHOOT EXTRACTAn extract from grape plant that can contain a potent antioxidant resveratrol. The manufacturer (Caudalie) claims that this particular extract is effective against hyperpigmentation. This effect would be explained by the resveratrol content. However, there is no independent research confirming the manufacturer's claim beside the potential for anti-oxidant activity PISUM SATIVUM EXTRACTMight be helpful in protecting skin collagen and elastin from breaking down but solid research is lacking MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATEA derivative of vitamin C that is more stable, but less bioavailable than the pure form of vitamin C. It does not penetrate the skin well, but has been shown to convert to pure vitamin C once in skin. It can be helpful in stimulating collagen production and lightening the skin tone, but the required concentration is likely to be very high STEARYL GLYCYRRHETINATEA fatty acid derived from licorice. Works as an emollient and can help calm down inflammation DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATEA salt derived from licorice. Works as an emollient to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help calm down inflammation. Might be helpful for skin lightening GLYCYRRHETINIC ACIDActive compound of licorice root. Works to calm down inflammation, as an anti-oxidant, and might be helpful in lightening the skin and reducing hyperpigmentation AMINOPROPYL ASCORBYL PHOSPHATEA more stable but less potent derivative of vitamin C. It can help neautralize free radicals and even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration (required levels are likely to be much higher than for pure vitamin C, and solid studies are lacking at the moment)RETINYL PALMITATEThree steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect HYDROXYPINACOLONE RETINOATEA derivative of the most potent form of vitamin A, retinoic acid. The ingredient can be sold under name Granactive Retinoid. Note that if a skincare brand discloses the concentration of Granactive Retinoid in a product, the concentration refers to a diluted form of Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate: 1% of Granactive Retinoid corresponds to 0.1% of Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate. Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate (HPR) is a unique derivative of retinoic acid because it can directly work in the skin and does not require additional conversion steps. According to studies done by the manufacturer on models of human skin (not real people), this derivative is more effective than other cosmetic versions of retinoids (such as retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinyl palmitate), and, at the same time, causes less irritation. It has been also demonstrated to be more stable than retinol which makes formulating with easier and increases the chances that a product with it will maintain its effectiveness after opening. The packaging should still ideally be air-tight. HPR is available over the counter in the EU, UK, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, but is only with a prescription in Canada.MORUS BOMBYCIS ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain arbutin, a compound that has skin-lightening properties. Might have some anti-oxidant activity. Is unlikely to be effective though in the concentrations typically used in skincare products TRAMETES VERSICOLOR EXTRACTA mushroom extract that might have some skin-lightening and moisturizing properties, but solid research is lacking. It is unlikely to be effective in the concentration used in skincare products DIMETHOXYTOLYL PROPYLRESORCINOLCan help reduce hyperpigmentation and lighten skin, but additional research is needed to test its effectiveness on human skin HYDROLYZED RICE BRAN EXTRACTA plant extract that might contain an active compound orthosilicic acid that could be helpful to regulate the level of pigment in skin, but solid research is lacking HYDROLYZED YEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties LACTOBACILLUS/PUMPKIN FERMENT EXTRACTAn enzyme-based exfoliant VITIS VINIFERA JUICE EXTRACTContains AHAs that exfoliate the upper layer of the skin. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin due to the sugar content PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and have a skin lightening effect if used in high enough concentrations LACTOBACILLUS/PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT FERMENT EXTRACTAn enzyme-based exfoliant FERULIC ACIDA potent anti-oxidant that has been shown to be effective in neutralizing free radicals in skin. There seem to have a synergetic effect of ferulic acid, vitamin E and C, meaning that when the ingredients are used together, they enhance each other's ability protect the skin against free radicals. Ferulic acid also helps to stabilize other ingredients - including vitamins C and E. It can help to even out the skin tone. Ferulic acid is approved for use as a sunscreen ingredient in Japan in concentrations up to 10% TETRAHYDROBISDEMETHOXYDIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritating TETRAHYDRODEMETHOXYDIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). Is a part of the tetrahydrocurcuminoids complex (THC). The complex might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritating TETRAHYDRODIFERULOYLMETHANEAn anti-oxidant derived from curcumin (naturally present in tumeric). Is a part of the tetrahydrocurcuminoids complex (THC). The complex might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin and possibly help even out the skin tone. Can be irritating NELUMBO NUCIFERA EXTRACTMight be somewhat helpful in protecting elastin in skin and evening skin tone, but good research is lacking. Contains fragrant components and can be irritating. TAURINECould be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin, evening out the skin tone and neutralizing free radicals, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness YEAST EXTRACTHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin MORUS NIGRA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and have some skin-lightening effect, but good evidence is missing LACTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity TETRAHEXYLDECYL ASCORBATEBeing a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective. ALANINEAn amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lacking GLUCONOLACTONEA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals GLYCINE SOJA PROTEINA plant extract that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it. It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. It might be somewhat helpful for evening out the skin tone. It might be able to support elastin production but solid research is lacking HYDROLYZED SOY PROTEINHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-aging, anti-oxidant, and skin lightening properties, but solid evidence is missing ZINC GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin MALTOBIONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is genter than AHAs. In addition, it helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals PUNICA GRANATUM EXTRACTA plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out the skin tone, but is typically used in products in a concentration that is too low to be effective CHRYSINMight be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles, as well as lightening the skin, but solid evidence is missing. Could somewhat help in reducing the darkness of the under-eye area. Helps to neutralise free radicals in skin ELLAGIC ACIDCan help neutralize free radicals in skin. It can help prevent and treat hyperpigmentation and even out the skin tone ORCHID LEAF/ROOT/STEM EXTRACTA plant extract that can help even out skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation when used in high concentration PINUS PINASTER BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking ETHYL LINOLEATEHelps reduce acne and blemishes. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce inflammation. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lacking HYDROXYPHENOXY PROPIONIC ACIDHelps reduce hypepigmentation and even out the skin tone RESVERATROLHelps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, as well as even out the skin tone MANDELIC ACIDHelps shed the upper layer of dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. It has anti-bacterial properties, and might help to reduce blemishes, as well as fine lines and wrinkles. It is considered to be gentler than glycolic acid GLUCONIC ACIDA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals CERATONIA SILIQUA FRUIT EXTRACTPlant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking GALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATEA yeast ferment filtrate (also known as Pitera - a trademarked name for the filtrate reserved by the SK-II brand). It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked pores MORUS ALBA BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might have anti-oxidant properties and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence is lacking LACTOBACILLUS/PORTULACA OLERACEA FERMENT EXTRACTObtained from fermenting a plant extract with bacteria Lactobacillus. The resulting compound might be able to calm down inflammation and have some anti-oxidant properties, but solid evidence is missing RETINYL PROPIONATEThree steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, even thought its potency is not as well established as in case of retinol or retinaldehyde 3-GLYCERYL ASCORBATEA moisturizing vitamin C derivative. It is considered to be one of the most stable ones. It is effective in neutralizing free radicals and can help to even out the skin tone if used in high enough concentration 3-O-ETHYL ASCORBIC ACIDA vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Can help neutralize free radicals and help reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products UNDECYLENOYL PHENYLALANINEAn amino-acid based compound that is effective in reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help lighten sun spots and support more even skin tone. PRUNUS MUME FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might have an anti-oxidant effect and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence of effectiveness is lacking CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAFGreen tea leaf powder that might contain antioxidants to help neutralize free radicals in skin MADECASSOSIDEAn antioxidant that is typically derived from plant Centella Asiatica. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin and support skin barrier function. It could, however, itself be irritating. It is often unstable in formulations NIACINA form of vitamin B3. It is similar in action to niacinamide, but is more likely to cause red flashes in skin as the side effect BAKUCHIOLA plant extract that is, though different in chemical structure, acts similar to retinoids. First studies show that it can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone, reduce clogged pores and blemishes, and reduce inflammation. There is no conclusive evidence that bakuchiol is as effective as retinol however. The study that directly compared retinol with bakuchiol used bakuchiol applied twice daily compared to once per day for the retinol. According to this study, bakuchiol is less irritating than retinol. Bakuchiol is extracted from seeds of Babchi plant. Other parts of the plant contain coumarins that could cause allergic and irritant reactions. These compounds should be removed in the extraction process when bakuchiol is produced, but it is a good idea to be cautious and stay away from products that include the Babchi plant extracts other than purified bakuchiol to avoid irritation ADAPALENEA retinoid that is effective against acne and keratosis pilaris. It can also help reduce signs of aging (fine lines, wrinkles, loss of elasticity) and can improve skin tone AZELAIC ACIDIs produced by a yeast that lives on normal human skin. It is used in medicine as a topical treatment for mild to moderate acne. It has a mild exfoliating effect. It can also help reduce hyperpigmentation, helps calm down inflammation and can help neutralize free radicals TRANEXAMIC ACIDAn amino acid that is effective in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone HEXYLRESORCINOLMight be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals in skin PHENYLETHYL RESORCINOLMight help reduce hyperpigmentation in skin and help neutralize free radicals CAPRYLOYL SALICYLIC ACID KOJIC ACIDHelps to reduce hyperpigmentation and neutralize free radicals. Can be irritating RETINYL LINOLEATEAn ester of a retinoid and linoleic acid. Three steps removed from the bioactive form of retinoid, retinoic acid. Once converted to retinoic acid in skin, it can help reduce wrinkles, stimulate collagen production, even out skin tone and reduce blemishes. The concentrations used in cosmetic products are often not high enough to have a positive effect in skin. NARCISSUS TAZETTA BULB EXTRACTMight contain compounds called dormins that in theory could help lighten skin and reduce hyperpigmentation, but solid research is lacking GLYCYRRHIZA INFLATA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals BIFIDA FERMENT LYSATEConsists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effect POLYPODIUM LEUCOTOMOS LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that has been shown to be effective in helping boost skin's ability to protect against UV radiation and reduce hyperpigmentation when taken orally. No conclusive evidence for its effectiveness and effective concentration in topical application ALPHA-ARBUTINMight help reduce hyperpigmentation when used regularly over a long period of time. Is more effective than beta-arbutin VIGNA RADIATA SEED EXTRACTBean extract that in theory might help to reduce hyperpigmentation, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are missing GLYCYRRHIZA URALENSIS ROOT EXTRACTLicorice root extract. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BARK EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BARK/SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN BRANCH/LEAF EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN FLOWER EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN SEED EXTRACTA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing PANCRATIUM MARITIMUM EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. It might help reduce hyperpigmentation EMBLICA OFFICINALIS FRUIT EXTRACTA plant extract that might be helping in neutralizing free radicals in skin. It could help reduce hyperpigmentation. There is some research to confirm its effectiveness in skin PAEONIA LACTIFLORA ROOT EXTRACTA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the research on its effectiveness in skin is lacking POTASSIUM AZELOYL DIGLYCINATEA derivative of azelaic acid. It is obtained by reacting the chloride of azelaic acid with two molecules of glycine (an amino acid) and potassium hydroxide. It is less studied than azelaic acid, but the available research suggests that it also can be effective in reducing skin redness, hyperpigmentation and blemishes. There are claims that it is more bio-available and more effective than azelaic acid, but no comparison study is available. Potassium azeloyl diglycinate is better soluble in water compared with azelaic acid. Because of this property, products with potassium azeloyl digclycinate can have a nicer texture GLUTATHIONEA peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin ISOQUERCITRINAntioxidant that might help reduce free radicals and reduce melanin production, but more research is needed to understand if it is effective in skin SALICYLIC ACIDUsed for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)CYSTEINEMight help neutralize free radicals in skin and might be helpful against hyperpigmentation DIMETHYLMETHOXY CHROMANYL PALMITATEAn oil-soluble compound that has been shown in laboratory studies (in a petri dish, not on human volunteers) to inhibit melanin production in skin and help even out the skin tone. More research is needed to understand if it works in real life TretinoinBioavailable form of Vitamin A that is the most effective known topical ingredients for reducing wrinkles, improving skin firmness, treating acne, as well as hyperpigmentation. It is not available over-the counter in many countries, including US and UK POTASSIUM METHOXYSALICYLATECan help reduce hyperpigmentation EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATEA polyphenol found in tea. This particular compound abbreviated EGCG is the most powerful antioxidant among those extracted from tea (usually green tea). Unfortunately, EGCG is unstable, requires a low pH (below 4) to prevent quick degradation, and does not penetrate the skin very well. This is why the full anti-oxidant effect of EGCG is typically not realized when it is added to topical skincare ARBUTINBeta-arbutin. Can help to reduce hyperpigmentation and has an anti-oxidant effect when used in high enough concentration. Is less effective compared to alpha-arbutin RETINYL RETINOATEA "hybrid" of retinol and retinoic acid. It is more stable than retinol and is likely to be more effective based on the early research data available. Is as irritating as retinol RETINALOne step removed from the biologically active in skin form of vitamin A. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinal is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. Concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% are shown to be effective. It can, however, be irritating RETINOLTwo steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating ASCORBIC ACIDThe most well-researched antioxidant that works in skin. Helps neutralize free radicals supporting collagen production, helping to even out the skin tone and preventing early signs of aging ISOBUTYLAMIDO THIAZOLYL RESORCINOLSometimes referred to as Thiamidol (patented by Beiersdorf). A compound that can reduce melanin production in skin. Can help to fade pigmentation spots quicker and even out the skin tone. It is a relatively new compound and the research on it is ongoing. The first studies show that it might be as effective in reducing hyperpigmentation as hydroquinone but with fewer side effects HYDROQUINONE COPPER GLUCONATETypically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing RESVERATROL DIMETHYL ETHERA more stable derivative of anti-oxidant resveratrol. There is not enough research to confirm its efficacy in skin ASPERGILLUS FERMENTAn extract from fungus (mold) that typically appears on rice. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, might help neutralize free radicals and possibly somewhat reduce hyperpigmentation