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1
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water/aqua/eau
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Plain old water
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2
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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3
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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4
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pentylene gycol
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Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture
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5
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niacinamide
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Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture
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6
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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7
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caprylic/capric triglyceride
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
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8
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ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/vp copolymer
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Increases thickness of a product. Texture enhancer for oil-in-water emulsions
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9
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butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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10
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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11
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sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer
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Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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12
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benzyl alcohol
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A preservative. Can be used to mask unpleasant smell. Can be irritating
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13
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urea
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Naturally present in skin. Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients. Is an exfoliating ingredient when used in high concentrations
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14
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tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective.
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15
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bisabolol
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An active component of chamomile plant that historically has been used to calm down irritated skin. A recent study shows that bisabolol indeed can have some anti-inflammatory effect on skin, even though conclusive data is lacking. Bisabolol has a sweet floral scent and can be added to products for its aromatic properties
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16
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dimethyl mea
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17
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styrene/acrylates copolymer
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Used to create an even product consistency. Can help boost efficiency of sunscreen filters
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18
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dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer
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Used to stabilize product formulations and create a nice product texture
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19
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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20
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sodium polyacrylate
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Used to create a gel-like product texture, as well as to stabilize emulsions
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21
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phosphatidylcholine
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Used to enhance the delivery of other ingredients
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22
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hydrogenated lecithin
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Helps to retain moisture by creating a protective barrier on the skin. Rich in fatty acids. Improves product texture and helps with the penetration of other ingredients.
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23
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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24
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allantoin
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Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated
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25
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hyaluronic acid
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation
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26
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polysilicone-11
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A silicone that forms a light film on the skin surface helping to bind water and temporarily absorb oils creating a matt and powdery feel
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27
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triacetin
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Used to dissolve other ingredients
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28
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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29
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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30
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sodium chloride
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Used to stabilize mixtures of oil and water, and create thicker, gel-like product textures
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31
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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32
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rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf extract
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Can be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin. Is a likely irritant
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33
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sodium lactate
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product
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34
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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35
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serine
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An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles
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36
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sorbitol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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37
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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38
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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39
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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40
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docosahexaenoic acid
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41
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magnesium aspartate
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Might be helpful in restoring skin barrier function and calm down inflammation in skin
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42
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zinc gluconate
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Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin
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43
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copper gluconate
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Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing
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Maria from WIMJ
