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1
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ingrdients:
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The ingredient is not recognized
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2
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salicylic acid 2.0%
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Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)
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3
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achillea millefolium extract
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Plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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4
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alcohol denat.
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Produces temporary toning effect. Can help dissolve other ingredients or preserve products
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5
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, annatto,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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6
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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7
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bentonite
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Helps stabilize the product formulation
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8
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bisabolol
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An active component of chamomile plant that historically has been used to calm down irritated skin. A recent study shows that bisabolol indeed can have some anti-inflammatory effect on skin, even though conclusive data is lacking. Bisabolol has a sweet floral scent and can be added to products for its aromatic properties
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9
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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10
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caffeine
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Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes
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11
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation
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12
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carnitine hcl
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Might be helpful in decreasing sebum production making the skin less oily. Is claimed to be able to support ceramide production in skin that leads to better hydration, but evidence is lacking. Is able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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13
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chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower extract
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Plant extract that can have healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a potential allergen and can be irritating
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14
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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15
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copper pca
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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16
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cyclodextrin
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A type of sugar that is used to support delivery of active ingredients and can enhance their penetration into the skin without disrupting the skin's barrier
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17
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dimethyl isosorbide
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Used to dissolve other ingredients in a product and can enhance their ability to penetrate the skin
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18
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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19
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ethoxydiglycol
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Helps to improve the product consistency
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20
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farnesol
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Added to create a nice product smell. Can be irritating
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21
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fragrance (parfum
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An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients
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22
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glutamic acid
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An amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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23
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glutathione
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A peptide that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and reduce melanin production resulting in skin lightening effect and reduction in hyperpigmentation. It can also help attract moisture to the upper layer of the skin
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24
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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25
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glycolic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid
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26
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hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) leaf extract
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A plant extract that can help calm down inflammation in skin. Can, however, itself be irritating
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27
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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28
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malic acid
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Helps adjust the product pH
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29
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octoxynol-9
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30
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pantothenic acid
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and may help reduce inflammation in skin
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31
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pentasodium pentetate
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32
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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33
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phytic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), but is mostly used to stabilize product formulations in cosmetics
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34
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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35
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potassium azeloyl diglycinate
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A derivative of azelaic acid. It is less studied than azelaic acid, but the available research suggests that it also can be effective in reducing skin redness, hyperpigmentation and blemishes
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36
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potassium citrate
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37
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potassium gluconate
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38
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potassium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the pH level of products
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39
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retinol
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Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating
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40
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saccharide isomerate
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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41
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salix alba (willow) bark extract
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A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. It contains a compound salicin that can theoretically be converted into salicylic acid that, in turn, helps reduce inflammation in skin, but the evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking.
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42
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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43
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soy isoflavones
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44
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tetrapeptide-21
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A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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45
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vitex agnus castus extract
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A plant extract that might have some antioxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is missing
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46
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water (aqua
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Plain old water
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47
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zinc pca
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A compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missing
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Maria from WIMJ 
