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1
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aqua/water/eau
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Plain old water
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2
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triheptanoin
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A synthetic triglyceride. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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3
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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4
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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5
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glycolic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid
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6
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pentylene glycol
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Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture
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7
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capryloyl glycerin/sebacic acid copolymer
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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8
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sodium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the product's pH
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9
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diheptyl succinate
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Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice product finish on the skin
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10
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tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective.
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11
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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12
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linoleic acid
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An excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores
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13
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malic acid
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Helps adjust the product pH
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14
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salicylic acid
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Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)
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15
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hydroxystearic acid
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16
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linolenic acid
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammation
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17
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phytic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), but is mostly used to stabilize product formulations in cosmetics
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18
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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19
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gluconic acid
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A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in imporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals
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20
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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21
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tartaric acid
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An AHA (alpha-hydroxy acid). It oxidizes quickly which makes it less effective in skincare formulations. It can support skin's barrier and moisture levels
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22
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rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil
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A plant oil that might be able to help neutralize free radicals in skin
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23
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vernonia appendiculata leaf extract
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24
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cetearyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
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25
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prunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond) oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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26
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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27
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arachidyl alcohol
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Used to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency
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28
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arginine
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An amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin
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29
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coco-glucoside
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Used as a cleansing agent (surfactant) in cleansers. Helps water and oil mix together in lotions. Can be irritating
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30
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behenyl alcohol
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Non-drying alcohol that helps water and oil mix together. Also serves as an emollient
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31
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citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil
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An essentil oil from orange peel. Potential allergen and can be irritating
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32
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citrus aurantium bergamia (bergamot) fruit oil
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A plant oil with a high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin and lead to allergic reactions. Can lead to photosensitivity
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33
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arachidyl glucoside
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Helps oil and water mix together
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34
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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35
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acacia senegal gum
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Helps mask the small of other ingredients and improve the product texture
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36
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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37
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limonene
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A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
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38
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linalool
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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39
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citral
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A fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritant
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40
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citronellol
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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41
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geraniol
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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Maria from WIMJ 
