Works for:
Evens skin tone
Is claimed to be able to brighten skin tone by removing some blood-related pigmented compounds in skin (hemoglobin and related elements) but solid research is missing. Can be irritating
Works for:
Anti-blemish,
Evens skin tone,
Anti-aging
One step removed from the biologically active in skin form of vitamin A. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinal is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. Concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% are shown to be effective. It can, however, be irritating
Works for:
Moisturizing
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
Works for:
Moisturizing,
Anti-aging,
Anti-blemish,
Evens skin tone,
Reduces irritation,
Reduces redness,
Antibacterial,
Anti-inflammatory
Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture.
The concentration of about 2% is effective for supporting the skin barrier and evening out the skin tone. Concentration of 4-6% is better for helping with acne and balancing the sebum production
Water, Glycerin, Niacinamide, Dimethicone, Propanediol, Caffeine, Dicaprylyl carbonate, Brassica glycerides, Diisopropyl sebacate, Maltodextrin, Glyceryl glucoside, Behenyl alcohol, Butylene glycol, Phytonadione, Prunus amygdalus dulcis oil, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Pentylene glycol, Hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate, Zerumbone, N-hydroxysuccinimide, Dipeptide-2, Steareth-20, Chrysin, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, Xanthan gum, Retinal, Sodium hyaluronate, Hesperidin methyl chalcone, Phenoxyethanol, Carbomer, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1, Ethylhexylglycerin, Citric acid, Trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate