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1
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aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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3
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methyl gluceth-20
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it
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4
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polysorbate 80
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Helps water and oil mix together
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5
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polyacrylate crosspolymer-6
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6
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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7
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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8
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retinol
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Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating
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9
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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10
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simmondsia chinensis seed oil
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Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.
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11
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solanum lycopersicum fruit extract
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12
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prunus amygdalus dulcis oil
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An emollient that softens the skin
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13
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oenothera biennis oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function
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14
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macadamia ternifolia seed oil
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Plant oil from nuts that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Contains a high concentration of oleic acid that can weaken skin's barrier function and increase water-loss while enhancing penetration of other ingredients
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15
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retinyl propionate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, even thought its potency is not as well established as in case of retinol or retinaldehyde
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16
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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17
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sodium stearoyl glutamate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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18
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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19
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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