| 1 |
water/aqua/eau
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit water
| |
| 3 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 4 |
leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
| A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine |
| 5 |
panthenol
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function |
| 6 |
fragaria ananassa (strawberry) seed extract
| |
| 7 |
fragaria vesca (strawberry) fruit extract
| A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lacking |
| 8 |
sea water
| Dissolves other ingredients. It does not have additional skin benefits compared to plain water |
| 9 |
maris aqua
| Sea water. Helps dissolve other ingredients in a product |
| 10 |
sodium hyaluronate
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin |
| 11 |
3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid
| A vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Can help neutralize free radicals and help reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products |
| 12 |
terminalia ferdinandiana fruit extract
| A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect in skin, but evidence is lacking |
| 13 |
propanediol
| Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin |
| 14 |
bentonite
| Helps stabilize the product formulation |
| 15 |
picea abies extract
| |
| 16 |
carbomer
| Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations |
| 17 |
aminomethyl propanol
| Used to adjust the pH in formulations |
| 18 |
sodium citrate
| Helps to control the skin's pH level. Maintains the skin's natural film of amino-lactic acids and oils. Helps to preserve products |
| 19 |
sodium phytate
| Used to stabilize product formulations |
| 20 |
leuconostoc ferment filtrate
| |
| 21 |
citric acid
| Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH |
| 22 |
iron oxides (ci 77491), iron oxides
| A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating |
| 23 |
ci 77499
| An iron oxide. Used as a colorant. Is usually well tolerated |
| 24 |
sodium benzoate
| A preservative |
| 25 |
potassium sorbate
| A preservative |
