| 1 |
water/aqua/eau
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
propanediol
| Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin |
| 3 |
dicaprylyl ether
| Helps soften the upper layer of the skin while creating a non-greasy feel on the skin. Helps to dissolve other ingredients |
| 4 |
caprylic/capric triglyceride
| A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin |
| 5 |
prunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond) oil
| Helps soften the upper layer of the skin |
| 6 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 7 |
saccharide isomerate
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 8 |
polyglyceryl-2 stearate
| Helps water and oil mix together |
| 9 |
glyceryl stearate
| An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together |
| 10 |
anastatica hierochuntica (rose of jericho) extract
| |
| 11 |
butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter
| A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals |
| 12 |
hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate
| Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin |
| 13 |
isosorbide dicaprylate
| |
| 14 |
sodium benzoate
| A preservative |
| 15 |
avena sativa (oat) kernel oil
| An effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties |
| 16 |
sodium phytate
| Used to stabilize product formulations |
| 17 |
ethyl linoleate
| Helps reduce acne and blemishes. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce inflammation. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lacking |
| 18 |
hexylresorcinol
| Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals in skin |
| 19 |
camellia oleifera seed oil
| An emollient that does not leave a greasy finish |
| 20 |
cetearyl glucoside
| Helps water and oil in the product mix well together and improves product texture |
| 21 |
commiphora myrrha oil
| |
| 22 |
potassium sorbate
| A preservative |
| 23 |
rosa canina (rosehip) fruit oil
| A great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritating |
| 24 |
simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed oil
| Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air. |
| 25 |
citric acid
| Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH |
| 26 |
calendula officinalis flower extract
| A plant extract that has some anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties. Can be irritating |
| 27 |
sodium citrate
| Helps to control the skin's pH level. Maintains the skin's natural film of amino-lactic acids and oils. Helps to preserve products |
| 28 |
teprenone
| |
| 29 |
bambusa vulgaris (bamboo) shoot extract
| |
| 30 |
nelumbo nucifera (lotus) flower extract
| |
| 31 |
nymphaea alba (white water lily) root extract
| |
| 32 |
3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid
| A vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Can help neutralize free radicals and help reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products |
| 33 |
stearyl alcohol
| An emollient that helps soften the skin |
| 34 |
dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline
| Is claimed to stimulate collagen and elastin production, as well as work as an anti-oxidant. There is however not enough evidence for its effectiveness |
| 35 |
hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) fruit oil
| A plant oil that might somewhat help to neutralize free radicals. It could be irritating |
| 36 |
phospholipids
| Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product |
| 37 |
cetyl alcohol
| A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together |
| 38 |
tocopherol
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
| 39 |
leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
| A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine |
| 40 |
palmitic acid
| An emollient that is naturally present in skin and helps soften it |
| 41 |
hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin
| Used to stabilize product formulations and help soften the upper layer of the skin |
| 42 |
copper pca
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 43 |
tripleurospermum maritimum (scentless chamomile) extract
| |
| 44 |
oligopeptide-1
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 45 |
sorbic acid
| A preservative |
| 46 |
palmitoyl tripeptide-38
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 47 |
propylene glycol
| Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin |
| 48 |
hydrogenated starch hydrolysate
| Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can add sweet taste to lip products |
| 49 |
panthenol
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function |
| 50 |
niacinamide
| Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture |
| 51 |
glycine soja (soybean) oil
| A good emollient that helps soften the skin and helps repair its barrier function |
