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1
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water (aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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3
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cyclopentasiloxane
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A silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absord oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin
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4
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propanediol
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Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin
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5
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cetyl ethylhexanoate
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and creates a thicker product texture
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6
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alcohol
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Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
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7
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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8
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methyl gluceth-20
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it
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9
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cyclohexasiloxane
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A silicone that serves as an emollient. Helps create a nice non-greasy feels
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10
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cetearyl olivate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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11
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betaine
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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12
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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13
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hydroxyacetophenone
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Used to increase effectiveness of preservatives
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14
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sorbitan olivate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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15
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paeonia suffruticosa root extract
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16
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scutellaria baicalensis root extract
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A plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant properties
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17
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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18
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acrylates / c10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer
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Maintains the texture of skincare products. Allows the product to spread evenly. Helps oil and water mix together
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19
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potassium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the pH level of products
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20
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fragrance (parfum
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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21
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allantoin
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Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated
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22
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aloe barbadensis leaf juice
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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23
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lactobacillus
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24
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punica granatum fruit ferment extract
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25
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ammonium acryloyldimethylaurate / vp copolymer
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Increases thickness of a product. Texture enhancer for oil-in-water emulsions
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26
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glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract
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A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals
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27
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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28
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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29
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adenosine
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Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin
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30
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pistacia lentiscus (mastic) gum
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A tree rasin that could temporarily tighten the skin and might help regulate sebum production, but the research on its effectiveness in skin is lacking
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31
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glyceryl polyacrylate
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Helps to create a nice product texture and spread the product more easily on the skin
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32
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laminaria saccharina extract
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A seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrations
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33
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alteromonas ferment extract
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A marine extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory properties but research is lacking
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34
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chamomilla recutita
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Plant extract that can have healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a potential allergen and can be irritating
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35
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(matricaria) flow extract,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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36
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cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract
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Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect
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37
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pyrus malus (apple) fruit extract
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Can have some moisturizing properties due to its sugar content
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38
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sea whip extract
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Might help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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39
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hyaluronic acid
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation
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40
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melia azadirachta leaf extract
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A plant extract that has anti-bacterial properties. Can be used to preserve the product. Can be irritating
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41
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melia azadirachta flower extract
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A plant extract that might be helpful to neutralize free radicals in skin
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42
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corallina officinalis extract
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Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might contain antioxidants
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43
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coccinia indica fruit extract
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A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect helping neutralize free radicals in skin
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44
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leuconostoc / radish root ferment filtrate
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A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine
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45
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aloe barbadensis flower extract
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A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect
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46
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solanum melongena (eggplant) fruit extract
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Eggplant fruit extract. Might have some anti-oxidant effect
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47
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curcuma longa (turmeric) root extract
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A plant extract that can contain an active compound curcumin, that may have some anti-inflammatory properties when applied to the skin, but solid research is lacking and the typical concentration used in skincare products is too low. Can be an irritant
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48
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ocimum balsilicum (basil) flower / leaf extract
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Used as a fragrance. Canbe irritating
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49
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ocimum sanctum leaf extract
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A plant extract that is rich in a fragrance compound eugenol that is a frequent allergen and can be irritating. It might also contain anti-oxidants to help neutralize free radicals
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50
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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