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1
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-vitamin c: targets visible signs of aging.
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The ingredient is not recognized
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2
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-collagen
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A plant-derived compound that is supposed to mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products
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3
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: helps improve skin’s youthful elasticity.
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The ingredient is not recognized
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4
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water
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Plain old water
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5
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simmondsia chinensis seed oil
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Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.
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6
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butyrospermum parkii butter
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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7
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isododecane
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and can decrease moisture loss. Helps create a nice product texture
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8
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coconut alkanes
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An emollient that helps soften the skin
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9
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tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective.
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10
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polyglyceryl-3 rice branate
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11
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polyglyceryl-3 beeswax
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Helps water and oil mix together. Could be an allergen (beeswax)
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12
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cetearyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
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13
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3-0-ethyl ascorbic acid
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A vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Can help neutralize free radicals and help reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products
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14
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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15
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dilinoleic acid/propanediol copolymer
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16
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polymethylsilsesquioxane
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A silicone that improves product texture and helps dissolve other ingredients. Can form a non-greasy film on the skin to prevent moisture loss
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17
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cocoyl proline
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18
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pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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19
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dimethicone crosspolymer
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Used to create a thicker product texture
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20
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hdi/trimethylol hexyllactone crosspolymer
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Used to create a silky product texture and add volume to products
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21
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polyacrylate-13
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Used to create a thicker product consistency and stabilize the product formulation
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22
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mica
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Creates an illusion of smoother and more radiant skin tone. Adds shimmer to the skin by reflecting light
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23
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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24
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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25
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titanium dioxide
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Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
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26
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polyglyceryl-6 ricinoleate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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27
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polyglyceryl-6 caprylate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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28
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polyglyceryl-4 caprate
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29
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polyglyceryl-3 cocoate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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30
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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31
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coco-caprylate/caprate
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Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin without creating a greasy texture
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32
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polyisobutene
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Used to improve the product consistency
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33
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acrylates/c10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer
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Maintains the texture of skincare products. Allows the product to spread evenly. Helps oil and water mix together
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34
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parfum/fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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35
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tamarindus indica seed polysaccharide
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36
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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37
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rosa canina fruit extract
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A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties, but evidence is lacking
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38
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lycium barbarum fruit extract
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A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layer
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39
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hippophae rhamnoides extract
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40
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citrus limon fruit extract
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Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and cause photosensitivity
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41
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citrus aurantium dulcis fruit extract
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A plant extract that is used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and lead to photosensitivity
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42
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sodium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the product's pH
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43
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sorbic acid
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A preservative
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44
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iron oxides
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An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499
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45
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leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
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A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine
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46
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sorbitan isostearate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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47
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silica
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Used to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skin
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48
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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49
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propanediol
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Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin
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50
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vegetable collagen
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A plant-derived compound that is supposed to mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products
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51
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aroma/flavor
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An unspecified blend of fragrant irritating ingredients
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52
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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53
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linoleic acid
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An excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores
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54
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pullulan
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Creates a thin drying film on the skin resulting in a short-term tightening effect
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55
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nannochloropsis oculata extract
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A microalgae extract that helps to attact water to the upper layer of the skin
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56
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linolenic acid
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammation
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57
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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58
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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59
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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60
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citral
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A fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritant
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61
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limonene
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A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
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62
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linalool
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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