Knours

Knours PDRN Rice & Green Tea Clarifying Toner

Name: Knours - PDRN Rice & Green Tea Clarifying Toner
Brand: Knours

Efficacy100/100IrritancyHigh

See all ingredients

Works for

Exfoliation

Capryloyl salicylic acid, Retinyl palmitate

Works well

What the product description says

“Niacinamide and Capryloyl Salicylic Acid work together to minimize the look of pores and gently resurface skin, while Japanese Clover adds brightness and refinement.”

Source: Soko Glam

This product can help exfoliate the skin. In other words, it helps break down the bonds between dead cells on the surface of the skin and speed up the skin turnover. Skin often appears softer and brighter after exfoliation, but overdoing it can result in disrupted skin barrier. The following ingredient is doing the exfoliating job in this product: capryloyl salicylic acid.

Capryloyl salicylic acidKey activeEffect: High~0.4–0.6%

Retinyl palmitateEffect: LowThree steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect~0.4–0.6%

Moisturizing

Niacinamide, Linoleic acid + 39 more

Works well

What the product description says

“This lightweight formula helps refine pores and smooth texture while maintaining hydration and comfort.”

Source: Soko Glam

This product can help improve hydration of the skin with the two types of ingredients.

The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: betaine, glycerin.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: caprylic/capric triglyceride, cannabis sativa seed extract.

The following ingredients in this product are especially good for supporting the skin barrier and helping with the hydration level: ceramide np, linoleic acid, niacinamide, panthenol

NiacinamideHeroEffect: HighIs proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture. The concentration of about 2% is effective for supporting the skin barrier and evening out the skin tone. Concentration of 4-6% is better for helping with acne and balancing the sebum production~2.7–3.3%

Linoleic acidHero· EmollientEffect: HighAn excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores~0.55–0.8%

Ceramide npHero· EmollientEffect: HighA type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin~0.45–0.7%

PanthenolHero· HumectantEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function~0.4–0.6%

Rice ferment filtrateKey activeEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties~28–34%

Saccharomyces/rice ferment filtrateKey active· HumectantEffect: MediumA product of yeast fermentation. Can contain humectants that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free oxidants~2–2.5%

GlycerinKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant~1.7–2.1%

Caprylic/capric triglycerideKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin~0.7–1.05%

Sodium hyaluronateKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin~0.55–0.8%

Hyaluronic acidKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation~0.5–0.75%

Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acidKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. A version of it is naturally present in skin~0.5–0.75%

Linolenic acidKey active· EmollientEffect: HighAn emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammation~0.5–0.75%

Polyglyceryl-10 oleateKey activeEffect: MediumHelps soften the upper layer of the skin~0.5–0.75%

Soluble collagenKey active· HumectantEffect: HighA typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin~0.45–0.65%

Cannabis sativa seed extractKey active· EmollientEffect: High~0.45–0.65%

Sodium acetylated hyaluronateKey active· HumectantEffect: HighA type of hyaluronic acid that works as an excellent moisturizer by attracting water into the upper layer of the skin. Is typically feels less sticky on the skin compared to the usual hyaluronic acid~0.4–0.6%

Elaeis guineensis oilKey active· EmollientEffect: MediumHelps soften the upper layer of the skin~0.4–0.65%

Rice amino acidsKey active· HumectantEffect: HighHelp attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.35–0.65%

BetaineKey active· HumectantEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture~0.35–0.6%

Sodium chondroitin sulfateKey active· HumectantEffect: HighIs naturally present in skin. Helps to attract water to its upper layer~0.35–0.65%

Hydrolyzed rice proteinKey active· HumectantEffect: MediumHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties~0.35–0.65%

Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymerKey active· HumectantEffect: HighAttracts water into the upper layer of the skin~0.3–0.55%

SucroseKey active· HumectantEffect: HighCan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In crystal form, it can work as a gentle exfoliant, gentler than the salt scrub. Helps stabilize the emulsion~0.3–0.55%

Beta-glucanKey activeEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles~0.3–0.6%

Hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronateKey activeEffect: HighAttracts water into the upper layer of the skin~0.3–0.55%

Polyglutamic acidKey active· HumectantEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin.~0.3–0.6%

Salvia hispanica seed extractKey active· EmollientEffect: HighA plant extract that typically contains linolenic and linoleic acids that help soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function~0.3–0.5%

Glyceryl linolenateKey active· EmollientEffect: MediumHelps soften the upper layer of the skin~0.3–0.55%

AdenosineKey activeEffect: MediumMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)~0.3–0.6%

CyanocobalaminKey activeEffect: HighCan support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin~0.15–0.25%

Rosa damascena flower water· HumectantEffect: LowUsed to add a nice rose smell to the product. Might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect. Can be irritating~5.3–6.4%

Butylene glycol· HumectantEffect: LowUsed to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin~1.5–1.8%

Pentylene glycol· EmollientEffect: LowUsed to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture~0.8–1.15%

Camellia sinensis leaf extractEffect: LowCan contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation~0.45–0.7%

Polyglyceryl-10 stearateEffect: LowHelps water and oil mix together and softens the upper layer of the skin~0.4–0.6%

BiotinEffect: LowMight have some moisturising properties. Is not effective when applied topically beyond some moisturizing effect~0.3–0.55%

Hydrolyzed corn starch· HumectantEffect: LowHelps improve the product texture~0.3–0.6%

Oryza sativa bran waterEffect: LowMight be somewhat helpful for attracting water to the upper layer of the skin~0.3–0.55%

Oryza sativa extractEffect: Low, below effective doseA grain extract that helps to create a thicker product consistency. It might have some anti-oxidant properties and help attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.45–0.65%

TocopherolEffect: Low, below effective dosePure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself~0.4–0.65%

Avena sativa kernel extractUnder-dosedAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties~0.45–0.65%

Anti-blemish

Side benefit the brand mentions · Niacinamide, Linoleic acid + 5 more

Works well

What the product description says

“refine pores”

Source: Soko Glam

This product can help reduce breakouts and clogged pores because it contains the following ingredient: niacinamide. This ingredient is used for treating acne and can have a noticeable effect.

The following ingredient (ingredients) in this product might be helpful, but there is no evidence to confirm that it actually works: capryloyl salicylic acid, linoleic acid, retinyl palmitate

Linoleic acidKey activeEffect: MediumAn excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores~0.55–0.8%

Retinyl palmitateKey activeEffect: MediumThree steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect~0.4–0.6%

Capryloyl salicylic acidKey activeEffect: Medium~0.4–0.6%

Beta-glucanEffect: LowHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles~0.3–0.6%

Sodium ascorbyl phosphateUnder-dosedA stable derivative of vitamin C. It is oil-soluble which means it is more likely to penetrate the skin compared to the pure form of vitamin C (which is water-soluble), but it is less bio-available and is way less effective in stimulating collagen and reducing wrinkles compared to the pure form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and its other derivatives (for example, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate). At the same time, this vitamin C derivative has been shown in studies to be effective in reducing acne, blemishes and clogged pores. It is less irritating then the pure form of vitamin C~0.35–0.6%

Anti-aging

Side benefit · Niacinamide, Retinyl palmitate + 8 more

Works well

This product can help reduce and prevent fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity and firmness because it contains adenosine, niacinamide.

These ingredients in the product can also be helpful, even though there is less evidence for their effectiveness: folic acid, retinyl palmitate.

Keep in mind that it typically takes at least 6 weeks to notice any results because the changes that are needed to improve fine lines and elasticity happen in the deeper layers of the skin. No topical anti-aging product can “erase” wrinkles or fully reverse signs of aging.

NiacinamideKey activeEffect: HighIs proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture. The concentration of about 2% is effective for supporting the skin barrier and evening out the skin tone. Concentration of 4-6% is better for helping with acne and balancing the sebum production~2.7–3.3%

AdenosineKey activeEffect: HighMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)~0.3–0.6%

Folic acidKey activeEffect: MediumCan help stimulate collagen production in skin. While available studies are promising, more research is needed to confirm the efficacy in skin~0.2–0.35%

Hyaluronic acidEffect: LowOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation~0.5–0.75%

Sodium ascorbyl phosphateEffect: Low, below effective doseA stable derivative of vitamin C. It is oil-soluble which means it is more likely to penetrate the skin compared to the pure form of vitamin C (which is water-soluble), but it is less bio-available and is way less effective in stimulating collagen and reducing wrinkles compared to the pure form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and its other derivatives (for example, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate). At the same time, this vitamin C derivative has been shown in studies to be effective in reducing acne, blemishes and clogged pores. It is less irritating then the pure form of vitamin C~0.35–0.6%

Ascorbic acidUnder-dosedThe most well-researched antioxidant that works in skin. Helps neutralize free radicals supporting collagen production, helping to even out the skin tone and preventing early signs of aging~0.2–0.4%

Evens skin tone

Side benefit the brand mentions · Niacinamide, Retinyl palmitate + 3 more

Works well

What the product description says

“more even complexion”

Source: Soko Glam

This product can help reduce hypepigmentation and even out the skin tone because it contains the following effective ingredients: niacinamide

The following ingredient (ingredients) in this product might be helpful, but there is no evidence to confirm that it actually can help even out the skin tone: capryloyl salicylic acid, retinyl palmitate.

Keep in mind that you would need to apply any topical skincare targetted at hypigmentation consistently for a couple of months to get a result. No topical skincare product can help get rid of hyperpigmentation (including post-acne marks and age spots) instantly.

Capryloyl salicylic acidKey activeEffect: Medium~0.4–0.6%

Anti-oxidation

Side benefit · Camellia sinensis leaf extract, Pyridoxine + 14 more

May help

This product contains antioxidants (camellia sinensis leaf extract, pyridoxine) that might be able to help neutralize free radicals in skin to lessen the damage it gets from the UV light (sun). There is not enough evidence to confirm their effectiveness in skin though.

Camellia sinensis leaf extractKey activeEffect: MediumCan contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation~0.45–0.7%

PyridoxineKey activeEffect: MediumMight help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking. It might be irritating~0.15–0.25%

Rice ferment filtrateEffect: LowHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties~28–34%

Rosa damascena flower waterEffect: LowUsed to add a nice rose smell to the product. Might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect. Can be irritating~5.3–6.4%

Saccharomyces/rice ferment filtrateEffect: LowA product of yeast fermentation. Can contain humectants that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free oxidants~2–2.5%

Camellia sinensis leaf waterEffect: LowGreen tea leaf water. Might have some minimal anti-oxidant effect~1.2–1.5%

Hydrolyzed rice proteinEffect: LowHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties~0.35–0.65%

AdenosineEffect: LowMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)~0.3–0.6%

Hordeum vulgare extractEffect: Low, below effective doseA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to gluten~0.45–0.65%

Avena sativa kernel extractEffect: Low, below effective doseAn effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties~0.45–0.65%

Tocopheryl acetateEffect: Low, below effective doseA more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.~0.35–0.6%

TocopherolUnder-dosedPure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself~0.4–0.65%

Can it cause trouble?

Irritancy

6 strong irritants: Rosa damascena flower water, Pelargonium graveolens oil + 4 more — patch-test recommended

High risk

We flagged 27 ingredients with irritancy potential. Severity depends on your sensitivity threshold; the table lists the worst offenders first.

IngredientFunctionIrritationEst. amount

Rosa damascena flower waterUsed to add a nice rose smell to the product. Might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect. Can be irritatingHigh~5.3–6.4%est.

Pelargonium graveolens oilUsed as a fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.3–0.6%est.

Retinyl palmitateThree steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effectHigh~0.4–0.6%est.

Capryloyl salicylic acid—High~0.4–0.6%est.

Ascorbic acidThe most well-researched antioxidant that works in skin. Helps neutralize free radicals supporting collagen production, helping to even out the skin tone and preventing early signs of agingHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

PyridoxineMight help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking. It might be irritatingHigh~0.15–0.25%est.

CitronellolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.1–0.2%est.

GeraniolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.05–0.1%est.

LinaloolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.05–0.1%est.

1,2-hexanediolA preservativeMedium~2.5–3%est.

MethylpropanediolHelps dissolve other ingredients in a formulationMedium~1–1.2%est.

Pentylene glycolUsed to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product textureMedium~0.8–1.15%est.

Caprylic/capric triglycerideA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerinMedium~0.7–1.05%est.

Citric acidCan work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pHMedium~0.35–0.6%est.

Polyglyceryl-10 stearateHelps water and oil mix together and softens the upper layer of the skinMedium~0.4–0.6%est.

Polyglyceryl-4 oleateHelps oil and water mix togetherMedium~0.45–0.65%est.

EthylhexylglycerinA preservativeMedium~0.4–0.65%est.

Sodium stearoyl glutamateHelps oil and water mix togetherMedium~0.5–0.75%est.

Linolenic acidAn emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammationMedium~0.5–0.75%est.

Hordeum vulgare extractA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to glutenMedium~0.45–0.65%est.

Cannabis sativa seed extract—Medium~0.45–0.65%est.

Sodium ascorbyl phosphateA stable derivative of vitamin C. It is oil-soluble which means it is more likely to penetrate the skin compared to the pure form of vitamin C (which is water-soluble), but it is less bio-available and is way less effective in stimulating collagen and reducing wrinkles compared to the pure form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and its other derivatives (for example, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate). At the same time, this vitamin C derivative has been shown in studies to be effective in reducing acne, blemishes and clogged pores. It is less irritating then the pure form of vitamin CMedium~0.35–0.6%est.

Tocopheryl acetateA more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.Medium~0.35–0.6%est.

Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymerAttracts water into the upper layer of the skinMedium~0.3–0.55%est.

Glyceryl arachidonateHelps water and oil mix togetherMedium~0.3–0.6%est.

Salvia hispanica seed extractA plant extract that typically contains linolenic and linoleic acids that help soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionMedium~0.3–0.5%est.

Thiamine hclCan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is studied as a mosquito repellentMedium~0.15–0.25%est.

Comedogenic

Clean of flagged comedogenic ingredients

None flagged

Alternatives

Cheaper, or higher on efficacy

TOSOWOONG Ceramide Toner

Cheaper79% match

$20.90

SKIN 1004. Madagascar Centella Hyalu-Cica Brightening Toner KR Edition

Cheaper79% match

$6.29

View all alternatives

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Ingredients

Filter by role to see what each ingredient is doing.

Rice ferment filtrate~28–34%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties

More about Rice ferment filtrate

Water~12–15%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Plain old water

More about Water

Rosa damascena flower water~5.3–6.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

Used to add a nice rose smell to the product. Might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant effect. Can be irritating

More about Rosa damascena flower water

1,2-hexanediol~2.5–3%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about 1,2-hexanediol

Niacinamide~2.7–3.3%

Hero · Moisturizing, Anti-blemish

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Evens skin toneAnti-agingMoisturizingAnti-blemishReduces irritationAnti-inflammatoryAntibacterialReduces redness

Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture. The concentration of about 2% is effective for supporting the skin barrier and evening out the skin tone. Concentration of 4-6% is better for helping with acne and balancing the sebum production

More about Niacinamide

Saccharomyces/rice ferment filtrate~2–2.5%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

A product of yeast fermentation. Can contain humectants that help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help neutralize free oxidants

More about Saccharomyces/rice ferment filtrate

Glycerin~1.7–2.1%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

More about Glycerin

Butylene glycol~1.5–1.8%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Butylene glycol

Camellia sinensis leaf water~1.2–1.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-oxidation

Green tea leaf water. Might have some minimal anti-oxidant effect

More about Camellia sinensis leaf water

Methylpropanediol~1–1.2%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Helps dissolve other ingredients in a formulation

More about Methylpropanediol

Pentylene glycol~0.8–1.15%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture

More about Pentylene glycol

Caprylic/capric triglyceride~0.7–1.05%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin

More about Caprylic/capric triglyceride

Dioscorea japonica root extract~0.55–0.85%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Dioscorea japonica root extract

Sodium hyaluronate~0.55–0.8%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

More about Sodium hyaluronate

Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid~0.5–0.75%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. A version of it is naturally present in skin

More about Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid

Polyglyceryl-10 oleate~0.5–0.75%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Polyglyceryl-10 oleate

Hyaluronic acid~0.5–0.75%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryAnti-aging

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation

More about Hyaluronic acid

Polyglyceryl-10 myristate~0.45–0.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Polyglyceryl-10 myristate

Polyglyceryl-6 dioleate~0.45–0.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

More about Polyglyceryl-6 dioleate

Panthenol~0.4–0.6%

Hero · Moisturizing

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingReduces rednessReduces irritation

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function

More about Panthenol

Inulin lauryl carbamate~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

More about Inulin lauryl carbamate

Betaine~0.35–0.6%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture

More about Betaine

Xanthan gum~0.35–0.65%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

Used to create a thicker product consistency

More about Xanthan gum

Polyglyceryl-4 laurate~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

More about Polyglyceryl-4 laurate

Beta-glucan~0.3–0.6%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryReduces irritationAnti-blemishAnti-oxidationAnti-aging

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles

More about Beta-glucan

Hydrolyzed corn starch~0.3–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps improve the product texture

More about Hydrolyzed corn starch

Hydrogenated lecithin~0.35–0.65%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

Helps to retain moisture by creating a protective barrier on the skin. Rich in fatty acids. Improves product texture and helps with the penetration of other ingredients.

More about Hydrogenated lecithin

Polyglutamic acid~0.3–0.6%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin.

More about Polyglutamic acid

Adenosine~0.3–0.6%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-agingMoisturizingAnti-oxidation

Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)

More about Adenosine

Citric acid~0.35–0.6%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH

More about Citric acid

Sucrose~0.3–0.55%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In crystal form, it can work as a gentle exfoliant, gentler than the salt scrub. Helps stabilize the emulsion

More about Sucrose

Sodium phytate~0.35–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to stabilize product formulations

More about Sodium phytate

Oryza sativa bran water~0.3–0.55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Might be somewhat helpful for attracting water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Oryza sativa bran water

Malt extract~0.3–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Malt extract

Pelargonium graveolens oil~0.3–0.6%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Pelargonium graveolens oil

Isopentyldiol~0.35–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Helps dissolve other ingredients in a formulation

More about Isopentyldiol

Kummerowia striata extract~0.3–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Kummerowia striata extract

Propanediol~0.35–0.65%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin

More about Propanediol

Elaeis guineensis oil~0.4–0.65%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Elaeis guineensis oil

Cinchona pubescens bark extract~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Cinchona pubescens bark extract

Garcinia cambogia fruit extract~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Garcinia cambogia fruit extract

Sodium chondroitin sulfate~0.35–0.65%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Is naturally present in skin. Helps to attract water to its upper layer

More about Sodium chondroitin sulfate

Hydroxypropyltrimonium hyaluronate~0.55–0.85%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Hydroxypropyltrimonium hyaluronate

Leptospermum scoparium leaf extract~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Leptospermum scoparium leaf extract

Polyglyceryl-10 stearate~0.4–0.6%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps water and oil mix together and softens the upper layer of the skin

More about Polyglyceryl-10 stearate

Polyglyceryl-4 oleate~0.45–0.65%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Cleansing

Helps oil and water mix together

More about Polyglyceryl-4 oleate

Ethylhexylglycerin~0.4–0.65%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Ethylhexylglycerin

Ceramide np~0.45–0.7%

Hero · Moisturizing

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryReduces irritation

A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin

More about Ceramide np

Polyglyceryl-4 caprate~0.45–0.65%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

More about Polyglyceryl-4 caprate

Sucrose palmitate~0.45–0.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

More about Sucrose palmitate

Hydrolyzed rice bran protein~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Hydrolyzed rice bran protein

Hydrolyzed rice protein~0.35–0.65%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties

More about Hydrolyzed rice protein

Tocopherol~0.4–0.65%

Under-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-oxidationMoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryAnti-aging

Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself

More about Tocopherol

Sodium acetylated hyaluronate~0.4–0.6%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A type of hyaluronic acid that works as an excellent moisturizer by attracting water into the upper layer of the skin. Is typically feels less sticky on the skin compared to the usual hyaluronic acid

More about Sodium acetylated hyaluronate

Oryza sativa extract~0.45–0.65%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

A grain extract that helps to create a thicker product consistency. It might have some anti-oxidant properties and help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Oryza sativa extract

Sodium stearoyl glutamate~0.5–0.75%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Cleansing

Helps oil and water mix together

More about Sodium stearoyl glutamate

Menadione~0.4–0.65%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Menadione

Oryza sativa germ extract~0.45–0.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Oryza sativa germ extract

Linoleic acid~0.55–0.8%

Hero · Moisturizing

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

CleansingMoisturizingAnti-blemish

An excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores

More about Linoleic acid

Retinyl palmitate~0.4–0.6%

Key activeIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Evens skin toneAnti-blemishAnti-agingExfoliation

Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect

More about Retinyl palmitate

Sodium surfactin~0.5–0.8%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

More about Sodium surfactin

Oryza sativa bran extract~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to thicken the product consistency

More about Oryza sativa bran extract

Sodium dna~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Sodium dna

Linolenic acid~0.5–0.75%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

CleansingMoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryReduces irritation

An emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammation

More about Linolenic acid

Rice amino acids~0.35–0.65%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Rice amino acids

Glycine max seed extract~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Glycine max seed extract

Hordeum vulgare extract~0.45–0.65%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-oxidation

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to gluten

More about Hordeum vulgare extract

Avena sativa kernel extract~0.45–0.65%

Under-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingReduces irritationAnti-inflammatoryReduces rednessAnti-oxidation

An effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties

More about Avena sativa kernel extract

Vigna angularis seed extract~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Vigna angularis seed extract

Capryloyl salicylic acid~0.4–0.6%

Key activeIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

ExfoliationAnti-blemishEvens skin tone

More about Capryloyl salicylic acid

Camellia sinensis leaf extract~0.45–0.7%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-oxidationAntibacterialAnti-agingAnti-blemishEvens skin toneMoisturizing

Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation

More about Camellia sinensis leaf extract

Cannabis sativa seed extract~0.45–0.65%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

More about Cannabis sativa seed extract

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate~0.35–0.6%

Under-dosedIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-blemishAnti-oxidationAnti-aging

A stable derivative of vitamin C. It is oil-soluble which means it is more likely to penetrate the skin compared to the pure form of vitamin C (which is water-soluble), but it is less bio-available and is way less effective in stimulating collagen and reducing wrinkles compared to the pure form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and its other derivatives (for example, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate). At the same time, this vitamin C derivative has been shown in studies to be effective in reducing acne, blemishes and clogged pores. It is less irritating then the pure form of vitamin C

More about Sodium ascorbyl phosphate

Tocopheryl acetate~0.35–0.6%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-oxidation

A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.

More about Tocopheryl acetate

Hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate~0.3–0.55%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

More about Hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate

Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer~0.3–0.55%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

More about Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer

Biotin~0.3–0.55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Might have some moisturising properties. Is not effective when applied topically beyond some moisturizing effect

More about Biotin

Potassium hyaluronate~0.3–0.55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Potassium hyaluronate

Soluble collagen~0.45–0.65%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Soluble collagen

Glyceryl arachidonate~0.3–0.6%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Cleansing

Helps water and oil mix together

More about Glyceryl arachidonate

Glyceryl linolenate~0.3–0.55%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Glyceryl linolenate

Salvia hispanica seed extract~0.3–0.5%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

A plant extract that typically contains linolenic and linoleic acids that help soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function

More about Salvia hispanica seed extract

Ascorbic acid~0.2–0.4%

Under-dosedIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-oxidationEvens skin toneAnti-aging

The most well-researched antioxidant that works in skin. Helps neutralize free radicals supporting collagen production, helping to even out the skin tone and preventing early signs of aging

More about Ascorbic acid

Folic acid~0.2–0.35%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-aging

Can help stimulate collagen production in skin. While available studies are promising, more research is needed to confirm the efficacy in skin

More about Folic acid

Pyridoxine~0.15–0.25%

Key activeIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-oxidation

Might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking. It might be irritating

More about Pyridoxine

Thiamine hcl~0.15–0.25%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is studied as a mosquito repellent

More about Thiamine hcl

Cyanocobalamin~0.15–0.25%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-inflammatoryMoisturizing

Can support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin

More about Cyanocobalamin

Citronellol~0.1–0.2%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Citronellol

Geraniol~0.05–0.1%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Geraniol

Linalool~0.05–0.1%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Linalool

Ingredient list view

Rice ferment filtrate, Water, Rosa damascena flower water, 1,2-hexanediol, Niacinamide, Saccharomyces/rice ferment filtrate, Glycerin, Butylene glycol, Camellia sinensis leaf water, Methylpropanediol, Pentylene glycol, Caprylic/capric triglyceride, Dioscorea japonica root extract, Sodium hyaluronate, Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid, Polyglyceryl-10 oleate, Hyaluronic acid, Polyglyceryl-10 myristate, Polyglyceryl-6 dioleate, Panthenol, Inulin lauryl carbamate, Betaine, Xanthan gum, Polyglyceryl-4 laurate, Beta-glucan, Hydrolyzed corn starch, Hydrogenated lecithin, Polyglutamic acid, Adenosine, Citric acid, Sucrose, Sodium phytate, Oryza sativa bran water, Malt extract, Pelargonium graveolens oil, Isopentyldiol, Kummerowia striata extract, Propanediol, Elaeis guineensis oil, Cinchona pubescens bark extract, Garcinia cambogia fruit extract, Sodium chondroitin sulfate, Hydroxypropyltrimonium hyaluronate, Leptospermum scoparium leaf extract, Polyglyceryl-10 stearate, Polyglyceryl-4 oleate, Ethylhexylglycerin, Ceramide np, Polyglyceryl-4 caprate, Sucrose palmitate, Hydrolyzed rice bran protein, Hydrolyzed rice protein, Tocopherol, Sodium acetylated hyaluronate, Oryza sativa extract, Sodium stearoyl glutamate, Menadione, Oryza sativa germ extract, Linoleic acid, Retinyl palmitate, Sodium surfactin, Oryza sativa bran extract, Sodium dna, Linolenic acid, Rice amino acids, Glycine max seed extract, Hordeum vulgare extract, Avena sativa kernel extract, Vigna angularis seed extract, Capryloyl salicylic acid, Camellia sinensis leaf extract, Cannabis sativa seed extract, Sodium ascorbyl phosphate, Tocopheryl acetate, Hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate, Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer, Biotin, Potassium hyaluronate, Soluble collagen, Glyceryl arachidonate, Glyceryl linolenate, Salvia hispanica seed extract, Ascorbic acid, Folic acid, Pyridoxine, Thiamine hcl, Cyanocobalamin, Citronellol, Geraniol, Linalool

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Worth comparing, line by line.

Match % combines shared ingredients, the first five ingredients, shared actives and hero ingredients, irritancy (lower counts in the alternative's favour), texture and body area. Only products in the same routine step are compared.

Side-by-side comparison of this product against its closest alternatives
	KnoursPDRN Rice & Green Tea Clarifying TonerYOUR PRODUCT	APRIL SKINTXA Niacinamide Milky Toner	TOSOWOONGCeramide Toner	SKIN 1004.Madagascar Centella Hyalu-Cica Brightening Toner KR Edition
Match	—	79%	79%	79%
Price	$25.00	—	$20.90−$4.10	$6.29−$18.71
Shared key ingredients	—	14 of 32	13 of 32	10 of 32
Key difference	—	Alpha-Arbutin	Madecassoside	—
Irritancy	High	Medium	Medium	Medium
Drying alcohol	—	—	—	—
	View product	Shop	Shop	Shop

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Sources cited in this review

Every concentration estimate and effectiveness label is anchored to one of these 51 studies and safety reviews.

1
Annex I: Clinical evidence regarding sensitisation to individual fragrance chemicals and to natural extracts ec.europa.eu
2
The influence of alkane chain length on the skin irritation potential of 1,2-alkanediolsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3
Niacinamide - mechanisms of action and its topical use in dermatologyncbi.nlm.nih.gov
4
Gehring, W. (2004). Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3(2), 88–93. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00115.x ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
5
Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functionsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
6
Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin agingncbi.nlm.nih.gov
7
Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic Acid): a natural moisturizer for skin careresearchgate.net
8
Efficacy of a New Topical Nano-hyaluronic Acid in Humansncbi.nlm.nih.gov
9
Physiochemical properties and application of hyaluronic acid: a systematic reviewonlinelibrary.wiley.com
10
Skin moisturizing effects of panthenol-based formulationspdfs.semanticscholar.org
11
Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives as Used in Cosmeticscir-safety.org
12
β-Glucans: Multi-Functional Modulator of Wound Healingncbi.nlm.nih.gov
13
Anti-Wrinkle Therapy: Significant New Findings in the Non-Invasive Cosmetic Treatment of Skin Wrinkles with Beta-Glucanonlinelibrary.wiley.com
14
Skin Health Promotion Effects of Natural Beta-Glucan Derived from Cereals and Microorganisms: A Reviewonlinelibrary.wiley.com
15
Anticancer properties of low molecular weight oat beta-glucan – An in vitro studysciencedirect.com
16
A critical review on production and industrial applications 2 of beta-glucanssciencedirect.com
17
Improving skin function with CM-glucan, a biological response modifier from yeastonlinelibrary.wiley.com
18
Preparation, characterization, and biological properties of β-glucansncbi.nlm.nih.gov
19
Characterization of a new beta(1-3)-glucan branching activity of Aspergillus fumigatusncbi.nlm.nih.gov
20
γ‐Polyglutamic Acid Produced by Bacillus Subtilis (Natto): Structural Characteristics, Chemical Properties and Biological Functionalitiesonlinelibrary.wiley.com
21
Natural and edible biopolymer poly‐γ‐glutamic acid: synthesis, production, and applicationsonlinelibrary.wiley.com
22
Evaluation of anti-wrinkle efficacy of adenosine-containing products using the FOITS techniquencbi.nlm.nih.gov
23
Genetic Architecture of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Composition in Cultivated Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Compared to Its Wild Relative E. oleifera (H.B.K) Cortésjournals.plos.org
24
Nutrient composition of Nigerian palm kernel from the dura and tenera varieties of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)sciencedirect.com
25
Combined effect of sodium chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate on skin moisturization following single and repeated applicationasianjps.syphu.edu.cn
26
Safety Assessment of Polyglyceryl Fatty Acid Esters as Used in Cosmeticscir-safety.org
27
Skin hydration is significantly increased by a cream formulated to mimic the skin’s own natural moisturizing systemsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
28
Topically Applied Ceramides Interact with the Stratum Corneum Lipid Matrix in Compromised Ex Vivo Skinncbi.nlm.nih.gov
29
Protection Against Free Radicals (UVB Irradiation) of a Water-Soluble Enzymatic Extract from Rice Bran. Study Using Human Keratinocyte Monolayer and Reconstructed Human Epidermis link.springer.com
30
Amended final report on the safety assessment of Oryza Sativa (rice) Bran Oil, Oryza Sativa (rice) Germ Oil, Rice Bran Acid,Oryza Sativa (rice) Bran Wax, Hydrogenated Rice Bran Wax, Oryza Sativa (rice)Bran Extract, Oryza Sativa (rice) Extract, Oryza Sativa (rice) Germ Powder, Oryza Sativa (rice) Starch, Oryza Sativa (rice) Bran, Hydrolyzed Rice Bran Extract, Hydrolyzed Rice Bran Protein, Hydrolyzed Rice Extract, and Hydrolyzed Rice Proteinncbi.nlm.nih.gov
31
Vitamin E in dermatologyncbi.nlm.nih.gov
32
Vitamin E and Skin Healthlpi.oregonstate.edu
33
Acetylated Hyaluronic Acid: Enhanced Bioavailability and Biological Studieshindawi.com
34
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anthocyanins Extracted from Oryza sativa L. in Primary Dermal Fibroblastshindawi.com
35
Rice antioxidants: phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, c-oryzanol, and phytic acidonlinelibrary.wiley.com
36
The Permeability Barrier in Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency: Evidence for a Direct Role for Linoleic Acid in Barrier Functionsciencedirect.com
37
Digital image analysis of the effect of topically applied linoleic acid on acne microcomedones.europepmc.org
38
Celiac Disease & Skin Care Productsbadgut.org
39
Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Functional Ingredients of Barley Grass for Chronic Diseases in Human Beingshindawi.com
40
Sodium ascorbyl phosphate shows in vitro and in vivo efficacy in the prevention and treatment of acne vulgarisncbi.nlm.nih.gov
41
Sodium ascorbyl phosphate in topical microemulsionssciencedirect.com
42
Final report of the safety assessment of L-Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Sodium Ascorbate, and Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate as used in cosmeticseuropepmc.org
43
Regulation of collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts by the sodium and magnesium salts of ascorbyl-2-phosphatekarger.com
44
Comparison of clinical efficacies of sodium ascorbyl phosphate, retinol and their combination in acne treatmentonlinelibrary.wiley.com
45
Application of l-ascorbic acid and its derivatives (sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate) in topical cosmetic formulations: stability studiesinis.iaea.org
46
Sodium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate 5% lotion for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trialonlinelibrary.wiley.com
47
The Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Chia Seeds—Current State of Knowledgencbi.nlm.nih.gov
48
Folic acid and creatine improve the firmness of human skin in vivopubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
49
Cutaneous Metabolism of Vitamin B-6sciencedirect.com
50
Topical vitamin B12--a new therapeutic approach in atopic dermatitis-evaluation of efficacy and tolerability in a randomized placebo-controlled multicentre clinical trialpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
51
Superiority of a vitamin B12-containing emollient compared to a standard emollient in the maintenance treatment of mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasisncbi.nlm.nih.gov

KnoursPDRN Rice & Green Tea Clarifying Toner

Buy at Soko Glam$25.00 $25.00as of 11/14 09:02 GMT

Affiliate links · As an Amazon Associate, WIMJ earns from qualifying purchases.

Buy at Soko Glam$25.00 $25.00as of 11/14 09:02 GMT

As an Amazon Associate, WIMJ earns from qualifying purchases.