Clinique

Clinique Superdefense Moisturizer SPF40 Gel

Name: Clinique - Superdefense Moisturizer SPF40 Gel
Brand: Clinique

SPF 40Efficacy60/100IrritancyMedium·4 UV filters

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Works for

1 of 3 advertised claims delivered

Sun protection

SPF 40 · 4 UV filters · Partial spectrum

Weak protection

SPF 40Partial spectrumChemical filtersTinted

This product does not offer good protection against UVA rays.

UV spectrum

UVB290–320 nmUVA II320–340 nmUVA I340–400 nm

Octinoxate

Ensulizole

Titanium Dioxide

Neo Heliopan Ap

FilterCoverageWhat it doesEst. amount

OctinoxateEthylhexyl MethoxycinnamateUVBOctinoxate. When used in higher concentrations, works as a sunscreen protecting the skin from UVB rays. When used in lower concentration, helps to preserve the product formulation. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can be irritating~2.1–2.6%

EnsulizolePhenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic AcidUVB Photo-stable Ensulizole. A UV filter that is effective against UVB rays. Does not protect against UVA light. It is photostable and can be used to help stabilize other sunscreen ingredients. It is water-soluble meaning that it can help create lighter sunscreen formulations~1.9–2.4%

Titanium Dioxide Mineral UVBUVA2 Photo-stable Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin~0.1–0.15%

Neo Heliopan ApDisodium Phenyl Dibenzimidazole TetrasulfonateUVA2 Photo-stable Neo Heliopan AP. A UV filter. Effective against UVA II rays. It is stable. It is water-soluble, which helps to create lightweight sunscreen formulations. Unfortunately, not approved by FDA (US) yet~2.5–3.1%

~ marks concentrations estimated from label position and typical use levels

Anti-aging

Creatine, Arabidopsis thaliana extract + 5 more

Moderate evidence

What the product description says

“fights fatigue and first signs of ageing”

Source: Clinique

This product contains adenosine phosphate, arabidopsis thaliana extract, creatine. These ingredients might be able to help reduce and prevent fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity and firmness, but there is not enough evidence that it actually works. The biggest anti-aging effect in this product comes from sun protection. Sun damage is the main factor causing early signs of skin aging. We, however, do not recommend using this product as a sunscreen because the protection it offers is not strong enough).

CreatineKey activeEffect: MediumCan support skin's ability to neutralize free radicals and produce collagen, though further research is needed to confirm effectiveness~0.1–0.2%

Arabidopsis thaliana extractKey activeEffect: MediumPlant extract that might be helpful in repairing sun damage but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lacking~0.15–0.25%

Adenosine phosphateKey activeEffect: MediumMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin~0.1–0.2%

Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbateUnder-dosedEffect: HighBeing a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable than ascorbic acid, but still degrades quickly and needs to be stabilized in a formulation with another ingredient. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective. It might be able to help reduce pore clogging.~0.15–0.3%

NiacinamideUnder-dosedEffect: HighIs proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture. The concentration of about 2% is effective for supporting the skin barrier and evening out the skin tone. Concentration of 4-6% is better for helping with acne and balancing the sebum production~0.25–0.45%

Laminaria saccharina extractEffect: Low, below effective doseA seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrations~0.15–0.25%

Sodium rnaEffect: Low, below effective doseIs claimed to have anti-aging properties, but research about its effect in topical application is missing~0.15–0.25%

Evens skin tone

Albizia julibrissin bark extract, Yeast extract + 2 more

Limited evidence

What the product description says

“uneven texture”

Source: Clinique

This product contains ingredients (albizia julibrissin bark extract) that could help reduce hyperpigmentation (for example, post-acne marks or age spots) in theory, but there is not enough evidence that they actually work.

The biggest effect for evening out skin tone in this product comes from sun protection. Sun damage is the main factor causing age spots, darkening of post-acne marks and other discolorations. This is why sun protection is the best strategy for maintaining an even skin tone. We, however, do not recommend using this product as a sunscreen because the protection it offers is not strong enough).

Albizia julibrissin bark extractEffect: LowA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing~0.15–0.25%

Yeast extractEffect: Low, below effective doseHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin~0.15–0.25%

Anti-oxidation

Not advertised by the brand · Creatine, Lactobacillus ferment + 16 more

Moderate evidence

This product contains antioxidants (creatine) that might be able to help neutralize free radicals in skin to lessen the damage it gets from the UV light (sun). There is not enough evidence to confirm their effectiveness in skin though.

CreatineKey activeEffect: MediumCan support skin's ability to neutralize free radicals and produce collagen, though further research is needed to confirm effectiveness~0.1–0.2%

Lactobacillus fermentEffect: LowA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservative~0.1–0.2%

Micrococcus lysateEffect: LowConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"~0.1–0.2%

Sea whip extractEffect: LowMight help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.15–0.25%

Spinacia oleracea leaf extractEffect: LowA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties~0.2–0.35%

CaffeineEffect: LowMight be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes~0.15–0.25%

Vaccinium angustifolium fruit extractEffect: LowA plant extract tha can have anti-oxidant properties, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking~0.2–0.35%

Albizia julibrissin bark extractEffect: LowA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing~0.15–0.25%

Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit extractEffect: LowA berry extract. Might have some anti-oxidant properties~0.2–0.35%

Daucus carota sativa root extractEffect: LowCarrot extract. Might have anti-oxidant properties and be used to add orange color~0.2–0.35%

Gelidiella acerosa extractEffect: LowAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant properties~0.15–0.25%

ErgothioneineUnder-dosedEffect: HighCan help neutralize free radicals in skin. Preliminary studies show that it can be more effective than coenzyme Q10 but studies on effective concentration for topical applications are lacking~0.15–0.3%

Yeast extractUnder-dosedEffect: MediumHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin~0.15–0.25%

Cucumis sativus fruit extractEffect: Low, below effective doseMight be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect~0.1–0.25%

Brassica oleracea italica extractEffect: Low, below effective doseMight have some anti-inflammatory properties but research is lacking~0.15–0.3%

Hordeum vulgare extractEffect: Low, below effective doseA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to gluten~0.15–0.3%

Tocopheryl acetateEffect: Low, below effective doseA more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.~0.15–0.3%

Moisturizing

Not advertised by the brand · Sodium hyaluronate, 7-dehydrocholesterol + 24 more

Good evidence

This product can help improve hydration of the skin with the two types of ingredients.

The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: arginine, glycerin.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: arginine, dimethicone.

Sodium hyaluronateKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin~0.15–0.25%

7-dehydrocholesterolKey activeEffect: HighPro-vitamin D. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory effect in skin, but there is no research available confirming that this compound converts to vitamin D in skin or has any other benefits apart from softening the upper layer of the skin. This compound is different from the Vitamin D3 analogues used in medicine to treat psoriasis~0.1–0.25%

ArginineKey active· Humectant, OcclusiveEffect: HighAn amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin~0.15–0.25%

DimethiconeKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish~4.5–5.5%

DimethiconolKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time~0.2–0.35%

Gelidiella acerosa extractKey activeEffect: HighAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant properties~0.15–0.25%

GlycerinKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant~3–3.6%

Lactobacillus fermentKey active· HumectantEffect: HighA fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservative~0.1–0.2%

Micrococcus lysateKey activeEffect: HighConsists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"~0.1–0.2%

Sea whip extractKey activeEffect: HighMight help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.15–0.25%

TrehaloseKey active· HumectantEffect: HighA sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin~0.15–0.25%

Capryloyl glycineKey activeEffect: MediumHelps oil and water mix together, preserve cosmetic products, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.25–0.45%

Hypnea musciformis extractKey active· HumectantEffect: MediumMight help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.15–0.25%

Plankton extractKey activeEffect: MediumCan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.2–0.35%

Acetyl carnitine hclKey activeEffect: MediumMight be helpful in decreasing sebum production making the skin less oily. Is claimed to be able to support ceramide production in skin that leads to better hydration, but evidence is lacking. Is able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.1–0.2%

Propylene glycol dicaprate· EmollientEffect: LowAn emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin~0.2–0.35%

Caprylyl glycol· Humectant, EmollientEffect: LowHelps preserve products and creates a nice product texture~0.15–0.3%

Cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethiconeEffect: LowA type of silicone that helps water and oil mix together. Can help to soften upper layer of the skin~0.35–0.65%

Pentylene glycol· EmollientEffect: LowUsed to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture~0.2–0.35%

Butylene glycol· HumectantEffect: LowUsed to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin~3.8–4.7%

Yeast extractUnder-dosedEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin~0.15–0.25%

Laminaria saccharina extractUnder-dosedEffect: HighA seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrations~0.15–0.25%

Brassica oleracea acephala leaf extractEffect: Low, below effective doseMight be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.2–0.35%

LecithinEffect: Low, below effective doseUsed mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin~0.2–0.4%

Can it cause trouble?

Irritancy

1 strong irritant: Gelidiella acerosa extract

Medium risk

We flagged 26 ingredients with irritancy potential. Severity depends on your sensitivity threshold; the table lists the worst offenders first.

IngredientFunctionIrritationEst. amount

Alcohol denat.Produces temporary toning effect. Can help dissolve other ingredients or preserve productsHigh~2.3–2.8%est.

Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamateOctinoxate. When used in higher concentrations, works as a sunscreen protecting the skin from UVB rays. When used in lower concentration, helps to preserve the product formulation. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can be irritatingHigh~2.1–2.6%est.

Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit extractA berry extract. Might have some anti-oxidant propertiesHigh~0.2–0.35%est.

Albizia julibrissin bark extractA plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missingHigh~0.15–0.25%est.

Gelidiella acerosa extractAn algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant propertiesHigh~0.15–0.25%est.

Disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonateNeo Heliopan AP. A UV filter. Effective against UVA II rays. It is stable. It is water-soluble, which helps to create lightweight sunscreen formulations. Unfortunately, not approved by FDA (US) yetMedium~2.5–3.1%est.

Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acidEnsulizole. A UV filter that is effective against UVB rays. Does not protect against UVA light. It is photostable and can be used to help stabilize other sunscreen ingredients. It is water-soluble meaning that it can help create lighter sunscreen formulationsMedium~1.9–2.4%est.

TriethanolamineUsed to adjust pH of the product and can help improve the product's smellMedium~0.7–1.05%est.

Vaccinium angustifolium fruit extractA plant extract tha can have anti-oxidant properties, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lackingMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Brassica oleracea acephala leaf extractMight be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skinMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Spinacia oleracea leaf extractA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant propertiesMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Plankton extractCan help attract water to the upper layer of the skinMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Brassica oleracea italica extractMight have some anti-inflammatory properties but research is lackingMedium~0.15–0.3%est.

Cucumis sativus fruit extractMight be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effectMedium~0.1–0.25%est.

7-dehydrocholesterolPro-vitamin D. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory effect in skin, but there is no research available confirming that this compound converts to vitamin D in skin or has any other benefits apart from softening the upper layer of the skin. This compound is different from the Vitamin D3 analogues used in medicine to treat psoriasisMedium~0.1–0.25%est.

Sigesbeckia orientalis extractA plant extract that can contain an anti-inflammatory compoundMedium~0.1–0.2%est.

CaffeineMight be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyesMedium~0.15–0.25%est.

Arabidopsis thaliana extractPlant extract that might be helpful in repairing sun damage but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lackingMedium~0.15–0.25%est.

Hordeum vulgare extractA plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to glutenMedium~0.15–0.3%est.

Tocopheryl acetateA more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.Medium~0.15–0.3%est.

Caprylyl glycolHelps preserve products and creates a nice product textureMedium~0.15–0.3%est.

Pentylene glycolUsed to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product textureMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Citric acidCan work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pHMedium~0.15–0.25%est.

Phytic acidAn alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), but is mostly used to stabilize product formulations in cosmeticsMedium~0.15–0.3%est.

Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbateBeing a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable than ascorbic acid, but still degrades quickly and needs to be stabilized in a formulation with another ingredient. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective. It might be able to help reduce pore clogging.Medium~0.15–0.3%est.

BhtA preservativeMedium~0.1–0.25%est.

Comedogenic

3 ingredients rated 2 or more on the 0–5 pore-clogging scale

3 flagged

These ingredients have a comedogenic rating of 2 or more on a 0–5 scale; the table shows each one's rating. In leave-on products they can clog pores in acne-prone skin.

IngredientFunctionRatingEst. amount

Plankton extractCan help attract water to the upper layer of the skin3/5~0.2–0.35%est.

Laminaria saccharina extractA seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrations3/5~0.15–0.25%est.

Hypnea musciformis extractMight help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin3/5~0.15–0.25%est.

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Alternatives

Cheaper, or higher on efficacy

ISNTREE Hyaluronic Acid Watery Sun Gel SPF50+ PA++++

CheaperHigher efficacy · 100/10083% match

$12.29

Kansosan Skincare Moisture Base SPF 37

Cheaper82% match

$15.65

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Ingredients

Filter by role to see what each ingredient is doing.

Water~45–55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Plain old water

More about Water

Dimethicone~4.5–5.5%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingMattifying

A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish

More about Dimethicone

Butylene glycol~3.8–4.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Butylene glycol

Glycerin~3–3.6%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

More about Glycerin

Alcohol denat.~2.3–2.8%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Produces temporary toning effect. Can help dissolve other ingredients or preserve products

More about Alcohol denat.

Disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate~2.5–3.1%

UV filterKey activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Sun protection

Neo Heliopan AP. A UV filter. Effective against UVA II rays. It is stable. It is water-soluble, which helps to create lightweight sunscreen formulations. Unfortunately, not approved by FDA (US) yet

More about Disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate

Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate~2.1–2.6%

UV filterKey activeIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Sun protection

Octinoxate. When used in higher concentrations, works as a sunscreen protecting the skin from UVB rays. When used in lower concentration, helps to preserve the product formulation. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can be irritating

More about Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate

Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid~1.9–2.4%

UV filterKey activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Sun protection

Ensulizole. A UV filter that is effective against UVB rays. Does not protect against UVA light. It is photostable and can be used to help stabilize other sunscreen ingredients. It is water-soluble meaning that it can help create lighter sunscreen formulations

More about Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid

Propanediol~1.1–1.3%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin

More about Propanediol

Triethanolamine~0.7–1.05%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Cleansing

Used to adjust pH of the product and can help improve the product's smell

More about Triethanolamine

Trisiloxane~0.5–0.75%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

A type of silicone. Used to improve product texture

More about Trisiloxane

Cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone~0.35–0.65%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

A type of silicone that helps water and oil mix together. Can help to soften upper layer of the skin

More about Cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone

Niacinamide~0.25–0.45%

Under-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-agingEvens skin toneMoisturizingAnti-blemishReduces irritationAnti-inflammatoryReduces rednessAntibacterial

Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture. The concentration of about 2% is effective for supporting the skin barrier and evening out the skin tone. Concentration of 4-6% is better for helping with acne and balancing the sebum production

More about Niacinamide

Daucus carota sativa root extract~0.2–0.35%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-oxidation

Carrot extract. Might have anti-oxidant properties and be used to add orange color

More about Daucus carota sativa root extract

Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit extract~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-oxidation

A berry extract. Might have some anti-oxidant properties

More about Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit extract

Brassica oleracea gemmifera extract~0.2–0.35%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Brassica oleracea gemmifera extract

Vaccinium angustifolium fruit extract~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-oxidation

A plant extract tha can have anti-oxidant properties, but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking

More about Vaccinium angustifolium fruit extract

Brassica oleracea acephala leaf extract~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Brassica oleracea acephala leaf extract

Spinacia oleracea leaf extract~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-oxidation

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties

More about Spinacia oleracea leaf extract

Plankton extract~0.2–0.35%

Key activeComedogenic 3/5Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium
Comedogenicity: 3/5

Works for

Moisturizing

Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Plankton extract

Brassica oleracea italica extract~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-oxidation

Might have some anti-inflammatory properties but research is lacking

More about Brassica oleracea italica extract

Ergothioneine~0.15–0.3%

Under-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-oxidation

Can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Preliminary studies show that it can be more effective than coenzyme Q10 but studies on effective concentration for topical applications are lacking

More about Ergothioneine

Lactobacillus ferment~0.1–0.2%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryAnti-oxidationReduces irritation

A fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservative

More about Lactobacillus ferment

Cucumis sativus fruit extract~0.1–0.25%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect

More about Cucumis sativus fruit extract

Creatine~0.1–0.2%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-oxidationAnti-aging

Can support skin's ability to neutralize free radicals and produce collagen, though further research is needed to confirm effectiveness

More about Creatine

Adenosine phosphate~0.1–0.2%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-inflammatoryAnti-aging

Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin

More about Adenosine phosphate

Acetyl carnitine hcl~0.1–0.2%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MattifyingMoisturizingAnti-blemish

Might be helpful in decreasing sebum production making the skin less oily. Is claimed to be able to support ceramide production in skin that leads to better hydration, but evidence is lacking. Is able to attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Acetyl carnitine hcl

Micrococcus lysate~0.1–0.2%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidationAnti-inflammatory

Consists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin. It is claimed to be a "DNA repair enzyme"

More about Micrococcus lysate

Laminaria saccharina extract~0.15–0.25%

Under-dosedComedogenic 3/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 3/5

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-aging

A seaweed extract that contains sugars and can be helpful in attracting water to the upper layers of the skin if used in high enough concentrations

More about Laminaria saccharina extract

7-dehydrocholesterol~0.1–0.25%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Pro-vitamin D. It is claimed to have anti-inflammatory effect in skin, but there is no research available confirming that this compound converts to vitamin D in skin or has any other benefits apart from softening the upper layer of the skin. This compound is different from the Vitamin D3 analogues used in medicine to treat psoriasis

More about 7-dehydrocholesterol

Biosaccharide gum-4~0.15–0.25%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Helps improve the product texture

More about Biosaccharide gum-4

Hypnea musciformis extract~0.15–0.25%

Key activeComedogenic 3/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 3/5

Works for

Moisturizing

Might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Hypnea musciformis extract

Albizia julibrissin bark extract~0.15–0.25%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Evens skin toneAnti-inflammatoryAnti-oxidation

A plant extract that might help to neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to help reduce hyperpigmentation but evidence is missing

More about Albizia julibrissin bark extract

Sigesbeckia orientalis extract~0.1–0.2%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-inflammatory

A plant extract that can contain an anti-inflammatory compound

More about Sigesbeckia orientalis extract

Gelidiella acerosa extract~0.15–0.25%

Key activeIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

An algae extract that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and have some anti-oxidant properties

More about Gelidiella acerosa extract

Caffeine~0.15–0.25%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

De-puffingAnti-oxidation

Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes

More about Caffeine

Sodium rna~0.15–0.25%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-aging

Is claimed to have anti-aging properties, but research about its effect in topical application is missing

More about Sodium rna

Propylene glycol dicaprate~0.2–0.35%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

An emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Propylene glycol dicaprate

Arabidopsis thaliana extract~0.15–0.25%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-aging

Plant extract that might be helpful in repairing sun damage but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lacking

More about Arabidopsis thaliana extract

Oryza sativa bran extract~0.15–0.25%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to thicken the product consistency

More about Oryza sativa bran extract

Sea whip extract~0.15–0.25%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidationAnti-inflammatory

Might help neutrlize free radicals, calm down inflammation, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Sea whip extract

Yeast extract~0.15–0.25%

Under-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidationReduces irritationAnti-inflammatoryEvens skin tone

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin

More about Yeast extract

Hordeum vulgare extract~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-oxidation

A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to gluten

More about Hordeum vulgare extract

Helianthus annuus seedcake~0.25–0.4%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to thicken the product consistency

More about Helianthus annuus seedcake

Sodium hyaluronate~0.15–0.25%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

More about Sodium hyaluronate

Tocopheryl acetate~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-oxidation

A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.

More about Tocopheryl acetate

Caprylyl glycol~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture

More about Caprylyl glycol

Dimethiconol~0.2–0.35%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time

More about Dimethiconol

Arginine~0.15–0.25%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

An amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin

More about Arginine

Polyethylene~0.25–0.45%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to thicken the product's texture

More about Polyethylene

Trehalose~0.15–0.25%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Trehalose

Pentylene glycol~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture

More about Pentylene glycol

Citric acid~0.15–0.25%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH

More about Citric acid

Sodium hydroxide~0.15–0.3%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to adjust the product's pH

More about Sodium hydroxide

Capryloyl glycine~0.25–0.45%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

Helps oil and water mix together, preserve cosmetic products, and attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Capryloyl glycine

Phytic acid~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), but is mostly used to stabilize product formulations in cosmetics

More about Phytic acid

Lecithin~0.2–0.4%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

Used mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Lecithin

Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate~0.15–0.3%

Under-dosedIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-agingEvens skin toneAnti-oxidation

Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable than ascorbic acid, but still degrades quickly and needs to be stabilized in a formulation with another ingredient. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective. It might be able to help reduce pore clogging.

More about Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate

Phenoxyethanol~0.15–0.3%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products

More about Phenoxyethanol

Bht~0.1–0.25%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Bht

Mica~0.1–0.2%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Creates an illusion of smoother and more radiant skin tone. Adds shimmer to the skin by reflecting light

More about Mica

Titanium dioxide~0.1–0.15%

UV filterUnder-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Sun protection

Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin

More about Titanium dioxide

Ingredient list view

Water, Dimethicone, Butylene glycol, Glycerin, Alcohol denat., Disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, Propanediol, Triethanolamine, Trisiloxane, Cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone, Niacinamide, Daucus carota sativa root extract, Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit extract, Brassica oleracea gemmifera extract, Vaccinium angustifolium fruit extract, Brassica oleracea acephala leaf extract, Spinacia oleracea leaf extract, Plankton extract, Brassica oleracea italica extract, Ergothioneine, Lactobacillus ferment, Cucumis sativus fruit extract, Creatine, Adenosine phosphate, Acetyl carnitine hcl, Micrococcus lysate, Laminaria saccharina extract, 7-dehydrocholesterol, Biosaccharide gum-4, Hypnea musciformis extract, Albizia julibrissin bark extract, Sigesbeckia orientalis extract, Gelidiella acerosa extract, Caffeine, Sodium rna, Propylene glycol dicaprate, Arabidopsis thaliana extract, Oryza sativa bran extract, Sea whip extract, Yeast extract, Hordeum vulgare extract, Helianthus annuus seedcake, Sodium hyaluronate, Tocopheryl acetate, Caprylyl glycol, Dimethiconol, Arginine, Polyethylene, Trehalose, Pentylene glycol, Citric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Capryloyl glycine, Phytic acid, Lecithin, Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, Phenoxyethanol, Bht, Mica, Titanium dioxide

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Worth comparing, line by line.

Match % combines shared ingredients, the first five ingredients, shared actives and hero ingredients, irritancy (lower counts in the alternative's favour), texture and body area. Only products in the same routine step are compared.

Side-by-side comparison of this product against its closest alternatives
	CliniqueSuperdefense Moisturizer SPF40 GelYOUR PRODUCT	ISNTREEHyaluronic Acid Watery Sun Gel SPF50+ PA++++	KansosanSkincare Moisture Base SPF 37	CeraVeInvisible Hydrating Fluid Sunscreen SPF 50
Match	—	83%	82%	81%
Price	$44.12	$12.29−$31.83	$15.65−$28.47	$17.94−$26.18
Shared key ingredients	—	3 of 21	5 of 21	4 of 21
Key difference	—	Adenosine	Ceramide Ap	Ceramide Np
Irritancy	Medium	Low	Low	Low
SPF	SPF 40	SPF 50	SPF 37	SPF 50
Drying alcohol	Contains drying alcohol	—	—	—
	View product	Shop	Shop	Shop

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Product summary

"Clinique - Superdefense Moisturizer SPF40 Gel" does not provide enough UVA protection. UVA rays do not cause sunburn, but still damage the skin, leading to early signs of aging and pigmentation issues.

It contains good moisturizing ingredients and can double as a hydrating day cream.

Sunscreen filters

This sunscreen uses so-called "chemical", or organic UV filters (organic simply means that their molecules contain atoms of carbon). These filters typically give good sun protection and rarely leave a white cast, but they can be irritating for sensitive skin. Here are the exact UV filters in this sunscreen: neo heliopan ap 2.50% (declared), octinoxate 2.10% (declared) and ensulizole 1.90% (declared).

Irritation risk

This moisturizer contains some common irritants, including those without a benefit for the skin. We assess the overall irritancy of this moisturizer to be medium. For a detailed overview of all potential irritants: click here

You can see the detailed formula review with the breakdown of all actives in the product and the full ingredient list with estimated concentrations in the tables below.

Price

The product retails from 42.90£ up to 60.39£ in the United Kingdom and for 27.50$ in the United States.

For a detailed price comparison: click here.

Sources cited in this review

Every concentration estimate and effectiveness label is anchored to one of these 39 studies and safety reviews.

1
Dimethicone as a protective ingredient in topical medicationsjaad.org
2
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Dimethicone Copolyoljournals.sagepub.com
3
Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functionsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
4
Niacinamide - mechanisms of action and its topical use in dermatologyncbi.nlm.nih.gov
5
Gehring, W. (2004). Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3(2), 88–93. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00115.x ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
6
Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroactive Properties of Selected Fruit Extractsliebertpub.com
7
A comparison of the relative antioxidant potency of L‐ergothioneine and idebenoneonlinelibrary.wiley.com
8
l-Ergothioneine Protects Skin Cells against UV-Induced Damage—A Preliminary Studymdpi.com
9
The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoagingncbi.nlm.nih.gov
10
Comparison of clinical and histological effects between lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa and tea tree oil for the treatment of acne: an eight-week double-blind randomized controlled split-face studyncbi.nlm.nih.gov
11
Use of Probiotics for Dermal Applicationsresearchgate.net
12
Dermal penetration of creatine from a face-care formulation containing creatine, guarana and glycerol is linked to effective antiwrinkle and antisagging efficacy in male subjectsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
13
Folic acid and creatine improve the firmness of human skin in vivoncbi.nlm.nih.gov
14
The Creatine Kinase System in Human Skin: Protective Effects of Creatine Against Oxidative and UV Damage In Vitro and In Vivosciencedirect.com
15
Effects of adenosine 5'-monophosphate on epidermal turnoverncbi.nlm.nih.gov
16
Targeting adenosine receptors to prevent inflammatory skin diseasesncbi.nlm.nih.gov
17
Topically applied L-carnitine effectively reduces sebum secretion in human skinonlinelibrary.wiley.com
18
Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmeticscir-safety.org
19
The effect of laminaria saccharina extract on suppressing pigmentation in in-vitro systemjaad.org
20
Vitamin D Regulation of Cathelicidin in the Skin: Toward a Renaissance of Vitamin D in Dermatology?sciencedirect.com
21
Off-Label Uses of Topical Vitamin D in Dermatology: A Systematic Reviewjournals.sagepub.com
22
The Rationale Behind Topical Vitamin D Analogs in the Treatment of Psoriasisncbi.nlm.nih.gov
23
Phytopharmacological properties of Albizia species: A reviewresearchgate.net
24
Purified Pland Extractskalidees.com
25
Marine Bioactive Compounds and Their Health Benefits: A Reviewonlinelibrary.wiley.com
26
Antioxidant Capacity and Lipophilic Content of Seaweeds Collected from the Qingdao Coastlinepubs.acs.org
27
Repair of Damaged DNA by Arabidopsis Cell Extractncbi.nlm.nih.gov
28
Marine ingredients and the skinmdedge.com
29
The natural yeast extract isolated by ethanol precipitation inhibits melanin synthesis by modulating tyrosinase activity and downregulating melanosome transferncbi.nlm.nih.gov
30
Evaluation of dermatological effects of cosmetic formulations containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract and vitaminsresearchgate.net
31
Celiac Disease & Skin Care Productsbadgut.org
32
Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Functional Ingredients of Barley Grass for Chronic Diseases in Human Beingshindawi.com
33
Safety Assessment of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmeticscir-safety.org
34
Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin agingncbi.nlm.nih.gov
35
Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic Acid): a natural moisturizer for skin careresearchgate.net
36
Cosmetic and dermatologic use of alpha hydroxy acidsonlinelibrary.wiley.com
37
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerability of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Mandelic Acid, and Phytic Acid Combination Peels in Melasmancbi.nlm.nih.gov
38
Double-blind, half-face study comparing topical vitamin C and vehicle for rejuvenation of photodamagencbi.nlm.nih.gov
39
Application of tetra-isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid in cosmetic formulations: Stability studies and in vivo efficacysciencedirect.com

CliniqueSuperdefense Moisturizer SPF40 Gel

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