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1
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water
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Plain old water
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2
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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3
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caprylic/capric triglyceride
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
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4
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c12-15 alkyl benzoate
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Enhances the product texture and makes it more spreadable. Helps reduce water loss from the outer layer of skin. Extands the shelf life by preventing bacteria growth
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5
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glyceryl stearate se
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Used to stabilize the product formulations and works as an emollient
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6
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butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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7
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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8
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stearic acid
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Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
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9
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cetyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together
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10
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isohexadecane
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Improves the texture of the product and helps soften the skin. Helps oil and water mix together and can be used as a cleansing agent
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11
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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12
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niacinamide
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Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture
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13
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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14
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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15
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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16
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cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract
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Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect
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17
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aloe barbadensis leaf extract
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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18
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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19
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coffea arabica (coffee) seed extract
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Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin
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20
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euterpe oleracea fruit extract
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A plant extract that can have some anti-oxidant effect in skin
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21
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garcinia mangostana fruit extract
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A fruit extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties
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22
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lycium barbarum fruit extract
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A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and attract water to its upper layer
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23
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morinda citrifolia fruit extract
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24
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punica granatum extract
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A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out the skin tone, but is typically used in products in a concentration that is too low to be effective
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25
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cocos nucifera (coconut) oil
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An emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenic
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26
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theobroma cacao (cocoa) seed butter
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effect
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27
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petrolatum
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One of the most effective and the most studied occlusive ingredients that creates a protective layer on top of the skin preventing moisture loss
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28
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acrylates/c10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer
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Maintains the texture of skincare products. Allows the product to spread evenly. Helps oil and water mix together
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29
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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30
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peg-150 stearate
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31
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triethanolamine
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Used to adjust pH of the product and can help improve the product's smell
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32
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bht
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A preservative
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33
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diazolidinyl urea
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A preservative. Works by releasing formaldehyde. Can be irritating
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34
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sodium dehydroacetate
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A preservative
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35
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fragrance (parfum
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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Maria from WIMJ 
