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1
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aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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prunus armeniaca (apricot) kernel oil
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An emollient that helps soften the skin
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3
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algae extract
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Plant extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but research is not extensive yet
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4
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glycerine
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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5
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cetearyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
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6
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cetearyl glucoside
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Helps water and oil in the product mix well together and improves product texture
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7
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arachidyl alcohol
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Used to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency
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8
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arachidyl glucoside
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Helps oil and water mix together
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9
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behenyl alcohol
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Non-drying alcohol that helps water and oil mix together. Also serves as an emollient
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10
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yeast extract
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and skin lightening properties. It can help calm down inflammation in skin
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11
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prunus persica extract
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12
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, prunus armeniaca extract,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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13
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butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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14
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lavendula angustifolia (lavender) flower water
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15
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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16
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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17
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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18
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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19
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cassia angustifolia seed polysaccharide
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20
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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21
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rosa damascena flower water
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Used to add a nice rose smell to the product. Can be irritating
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22
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xylityl glucoside
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrier function
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23
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aveena sativa
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24
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protein,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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25
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capryloyl glycine
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26
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octanediol
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27
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anhydroxylitol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrir function
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28
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lecithin
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Used mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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29
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vitex agnus castus extract
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30
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aloe barbedensis leaf juice
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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31
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xylitol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrier function
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32
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alcohol
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Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
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33
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peg-400
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34
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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35
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beta glucan
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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36
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caprylic/capric triglyceride
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
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37
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ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate
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38
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cyclodextrin
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A type of sugar that is used to support delivery of active ingredients and can enhance their penetration into the skin without disrupting the skin's barrier
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39
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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40
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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41
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vitus vinifera (grapeseed) extract
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A plant extract that contains resveratrol and other anti-oxidant compounds that can help neutralize free radicals, reduce inflammation in skin and even out its tone. Can be also used to stabilize the product formulation
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42
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dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline
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Is claimed to stimulate collagen and elastin production, as well as work as an anti-oxidant. There is however not enough evidence for its effectiveness
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Maria from WIMJ 
