Sulwhasoo

Sulwhasoo Essential Firming Cream EX 75ml

Name: Sulwhasoo - Essential Firming Cream EX 75ml
Brand: Sulwhasoo

Efficacy87/100IrritancyHigh

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Works for

2 of 2 advertised claims delivered

Anti-aging

4 ingredients credited for this claim

Strong support

What the product description says

“DESCRIPTION Sulwhasoo Essential Firming Cream Ex deeply moisturises and revitalises the skin for a hydrated, youthful look.”

Source: Lila Beauty

This product can help reduce and prevent fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity and firmness because it contains adenosine.

These ingredients in the product can also be helpful, even though there is less evidence for their effectiveness: carnosine.

Keep in mind that it typically takes at least 6 weeks to notice any results because the changes that are needed to improve fine lines and elasticity happen in the deeper layers of the skin. No topical anti-aging product can “erase” wrinkles or fully reverse signs of aging.

AdenosineKey activeEffect: HighMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)~0.25–0.45%

CarnosineKey activeEffect: MediumA type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damage~0.25–0.45%

Beta-glucanEffect: LowHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles~0.1–0.15%

TocopherolEffect: Low, below effective dosePure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself~0.1–0.2%

Moisturizing

24 ingredients credited for this claim

Good support

What the product description says

“DESCRIPTION Sulwhasoo Essential Firming Cream Ex deeply moisturises and revitalises the skin for a hydrated, youthful look.”

Source: Lila Beauty

This product can help improve hydration of the skin with the two types of ingredients.

The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: carnosine, glycerin.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: caprylic/capric triglyceride, dimethicone.

TrehaloseKey active· HumectantEffect: HighA sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin~0.5–0.75%

Caprylic/capric triglycerideKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin~2–2.4%

DimethiconeKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish~0.6–0.9%

DimethiconolKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time~0.3–0.55%

GlycerinKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant~4.8–5.8%

SqualaneKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighAn oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.~0.5–0.8%

CarnosineKey active· HumectantEffect: HighA type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damage~0.25–0.45%

Beta-glucanKey activeEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles~0.1–0.15%

AdenosineKey activeEffect: MediumMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)~0.25–0.45%

Cetearyl alcoholKey active· EmollientEffect: MediumA non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture~0.45–0.7%

Coco-caprylate/caprateKey active· EmollientEffect: MediumHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin without creating a greasy texture~0.3–0.5%

Diisostearyl malateKey active· EmollientEffect: MediumHelps to soften the upper layer of the skin~0.6–0.95%

Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprateKey active· EmollientEffect: MediumHelps soften the upper layer of the skin~4.1–5%

Cetyl ethylhexanoate· EmollientEffect: LowAn emollient that helps soften the skin and creates a thicker product texture~2.4–2.9%

Dextrin· HumectantEffect: LowA sugar that is used to stabilize the product formulation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.25–0.5%

Glyceryl caprylate· EmollientEffect: LowAn emollient that can also help water and oil mix together, as well as prevent bacteria growth in products~0.3–0.55%

Glyceryl stearate· EmollientEffect: LowAn emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together~1.3–1.5%

Hydrogenated polyisobutene· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: LowUsed to improve the product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin~0.4–0.6%

Scutellaria baicalensis root extract· HumectantEffect: LowA plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant properties~0.2–0.4%

Butylene glycol· HumectantEffect: LowUsed to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin~3–3.7%

Caprylyl methiconeEffect: LowA type of silicone that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product finish on the skin~1.5–1.8%

AllantoinUnder-dosedEffect: HighHelps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated~0.25–0.4%

Nelumbo nucifera flower extractEffect: Low, below effective dose~0.15–0.25%

Anti-oxidation

Not advertised by the brand · 7 ingredients credited for this claim

Strong support

This product contains antioxidants (carnosine) that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. By doing so, they can lessen the damage the skin gets from the UV light (sun).

CarnosineKey activeEffect: HighA type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damage~0.25–0.45%

Paeonia lactiflora root extractEffect: LowA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the research on its effectiveness in skin is lacking~0.2–0.35%

AdenosineEffect: LowMight help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)~0.25–0.45%

Scutellaria baicalensis root extractEffect: LowA plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant properties~0.2–0.4%

TocopherolUnder-dosedEffect: HighPure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself~0.1–0.2%

Nelumbo nucifera flower extractEffect: Low, below effective dose~0.15–0.25%

Can it cause trouble?

Irritancy

8 strong irritants: Parfum, Limonene + 6 more — patch-test recommended

High risk

We flagged 21 ingredients with irritancy potential. Severity depends on your sensitivity threshold; the table lists the worst offenders first.

IngredientFunctionIrritationEst. amount

ParfumAn aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredientsHigh~0.25–0.45%est.

LimoneneA common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heatHigh~0.25–0.45%est.

Scutellaria baicalensis root extractA plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant propertiesHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

PullulanCreates a thin drying film on the skin resulting in a short-term tightening effectHigh~0.3–0.5%est.

LinaloolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.25–0.45%est.

CitronellolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.25–0.4%est.

CitralA fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritantHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

GeraniolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.2–0.35%est.

Nelumbo nucifera flower extract—High~0.15–0.25%est.

Benzyl benzoateFragrance with sweet balsamic smell. Help to preserve products and dissolve other ingredients. Could trigger allergic reactions and be irritatingHigh~0.15–0.25%est.

Cetyl ethylhexanoateAn emollient that helps soften the skin and creates a thicker product textureMedium~2.4–2.9%est.

Caprylic/capric triglycerideA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerinMedium~2–2.4%est.

Polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearateHelps water and oil mix togetherMedium~1–1.2%est.

1,2-hexanediolA preservativeMedium~0.65–1%est.

Diisostearyl malateHelps to soften the upper layer of the skinMedium~0.6–0.95%est.

Hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymerA gelling agent that thickens the product consistency and leaves the skin with a velvety finishMedium~0.3–0.6%est.

Ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/beheneth-25 methacrylate crosspolymerUsed to stabilize product formulationsMedium~0.25–0.5%est.

EthylhexylglycerinA preservativeMedium~0.25–0.5%est.

Polysorbate 60Helps oil and water mix togetherMedium~0.3–0.55%est.

Sodium metaphosphateA preservativeMedium~0.25–0.5%est.

Paeonia lactiflora root extractA plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the research on its effectiveness in skin is lackingMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Comedogenic

2 ingredients rated 2 or more on the 0–5 pore-clogging scale

2 flagged

These ingredients have a comedogenic rating of 2 or more on a 0–5 scale; the table shows each one's rating. In leave-on products they can clog pores in acne-prone skin.

IngredientFunctionRatingEst. amount

Theobroma cacao extract—3/5~0.25–0.45%est.

Cetearyl alcoholA non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture2/5~0.45–0.7%est.

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Ingredients

Filter by role to see what each ingredient is doing.

Water~45–55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Plain old water

More about Water

Glycerin~4.8–5.8%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

More about Glycerin

Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate~4.1–5%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate

Butylene glycol~3–3.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Butylene glycol

Cetyl ethylhexanoate~2.4–2.9%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

An emollient that helps soften the skin and creates a thicker product texture

More about Cetyl ethylhexanoate

Caprylic/capric triglyceride~2–2.4%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin

More about Caprylic/capric triglyceride

Propanediol~1.6–2%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin

More about Propanediol

Caprylyl methicone~1.5–1.8%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A type of silicone that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product finish on the skin

More about Caprylyl methicone

Glyceryl stearate~1.3–1.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together

More about Glyceryl stearate

Polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate~1–1.2%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Cleansing

Helps water and oil mix together

More about Polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate

1,2-hexanediol~0.65–1%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about 1,2-hexanediol

Diisostearyl malate~0.6–0.95%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Diisostearyl malate

Dimethicone~0.6–0.9%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingMattifying

A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish

More about Dimethicone

Trehalose~0.5–0.75%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Trehalose

Squalane~0.5–0.8%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.

More about Squalane

C9-12 alkane~0.45–0.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Helps dissolve other ingredients in a formulation

More about C9-12 alkane

Peg-100 stearate~0.55–0.8%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

Helps oil and water mix togehter and creates a nice product texture

More about Peg-100 stearate

Cetearyl alcohol~0.45–0.7%

Key activeComedogenic 2/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 2/5

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture

More about Cetearyl alcohol

Hydrogenated polyisobutene~0.4–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Used to improve the product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Hydrogenated polyisobutene

Hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer~0.3–0.6%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A gelling agent that thickens the product consistency and leaves the skin with a velvety finish

More about Hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer

Polyacrylate-13~0.35–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to create a thicker product consistency and stabilize the product formulation

More about Polyacrylate-13

Hydrogenated castor oil isostearate~0.3–0.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Hydrogenated castor oil isostearate

Allantoin~0.25–0.4%

Under-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-inflammatoryMoisturizingReduces irritationReduces rednessAnti-blemishExfoliation

Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated

More about Allantoin

Polyisobutene~0.3–0.55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to improve the product consistency

More about Polyisobutene

Parfum~0.25–0.45%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients

More about Parfum

Lycium chinense fruit extract~0.25–0.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Lycium chinense fruit extract

Ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/beheneth-25 methacrylate crosspolymer~0.25–0.5%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Used to stabilize product formulations

More about Ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/beheneth-25 methacrylate crosspolymer

Ziziphus jujuba fruit extract~0.25–0.45%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Ziziphus jujuba fruit extract

Glyceryl caprylate~0.3–0.55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

An emollient that can also help water and oil mix together, as well as prevent bacteria growth in products

More about Glyceryl caprylate

Coco-caprylate/caprate~0.3–0.5%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin without creating a greasy texture

More about Coco-caprylate/caprate

Limonene~0.25–0.45%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat

More about Limonene

Carnosine~0.25–0.45%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidationAnti-aging

A type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damage

More about Carnosine

Scutellaria baicalensis root extract~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Reduces irritationAnti-oxidationMoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryAntibacterial

A plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant properties

More about Scutellaria baicalensis root extract

Pueraria lobata root extract~0.25–0.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Pueraria lobata root extract

Sorbitan isostearate~0.25–0.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

Helps oil and water mix together

More about Sorbitan isostearate

Pullulan~0.3–0.5%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Mattifying

Creates a thin drying film on the skin resulting in a short-term tightening effect

More about Pullulan

Ethylhexylglycerin~0.25–0.5%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Ethylhexylglycerin

Adenosine~0.25–0.45%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-agingMoisturizingAnti-oxidation

Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)

More about Adenosine

Polysorbate 60~0.3–0.55%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Cleansing

Helps oil and water mix together

More about Polysorbate 60

Polysorbate 20~0.3–0.55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

Helps oil and water mix together

More about Polysorbate 20

Sodium metaphosphate~0.25–0.5%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Sodium metaphosphate

Linalool~0.25–0.45%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Linalool

Dimethiconol~0.3–0.55%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time

More about Dimethiconol

Citronellol~0.25–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Citronellol

Dextrin~0.25–0.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A sugar that is used to stabilize the product formulation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Dextrin

Theobroma cacao extract~0.25–0.45%

Comedogenic 3/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 3/5

More about Theobroma cacao extract

Morus alba leaf extract~0.25–0.45%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Morus alba leaf extract

Citral~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritant

More about Citral

Rehmannia glutinosa root extract~0.2–0.4%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Rehmannia glutinosa root extract

Geraniol~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Geraniol

Paeonia lactiflora root extract~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Evens skin toneAnti-oxidation

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the research on its effectiveness in skin is lacking

More about Paeonia lactiflora root extract

Polygonatum odoratum rhizome extract~0.2–0.35%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Polygonatum odoratum rhizome extract

Nelumbo nucifera flower extract~0.15–0.25%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-oxidationMoisturizing

More about Nelumbo nucifera flower extract

Benzyl benzoate~0.15–0.25%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Fragrance with sweet balsamic smell. Help to preserve products and dissolve other ingredients. Could trigger allergic reactions and be irritating

More about Benzyl benzoate

Lilium tigrinum extract~0.15–0.3%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Lilium tigrinum extract

Hydrolyzed soybean extract~0.15–0.25%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Hydrolyzed soybean extract

Tocopherol~0.1–0.2%

Under-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-oxidationAnti-agingAnti-inflammatoryMoisturizing

Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself

More about Tocopherol

Beta-glucan~0.1–0.15%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryReduces irritationAnti-agingAnti-blemishAnti-oxidation

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles

More about Beta-glucan

Ingredient list view

Water, Glycerin, Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, Butylene glycol, Cetyl ethylhexanoate, Caprylic/capric triglyceride, Propanediol, Caprylyl methicone, Glyceryl stearate, Polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate, 1,2-hexanediol, Diisostearyl malate, Dimethicone, Trehalose, Squalane, C9-12 alkane, Peg-100 stearate, Cetearyl alcohol, Hydrogenated polyisobutene, Hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, Polyacrylate-13, Hydrogenated castor oil isostearate, Allantoin, Polyisobutene, Parfum, Lycium chinense fruit extract, Ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/beheneth-25 methacrylate crosspolymer, Ziziphus jujuba fruit extract, Glyceryl caprylate, Coco-caprylate/caprate, Limonene, Carnosine, Scutellaria baicalensis root extract, Pueraria lobata root extract, Sorbitan isostearate, Pullulan, Ethylhexylglycerin, Adenosine, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 20, Sodium metaphosphate, Linalool, Dimethiconol, Citronellol, Dextrin, Theobroma cacao extract, Morus alba leaf extract, Citral, Rehmannia glutinosa root extract, Geraniol, Paeonia lactiflora root extract, Polygonatum odoratum rhizome extract, Nelumbo nucifera flower extract, Benzyl benzoate, Lilium tigrinum extract, Hydrolyzed soybean extract, Tocopherol, Beta-glucan

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Worth comparing, line by line.

Match % combines shared ingredients, the first five ingredients, shared actives and hero ingredients, irritancy (lower counts in the alternative's favour), texture and body area. Only products in the same routine step are compared.

Side-by-side comparison of this product against its closest alternatives
	SulwhasooEssential Firming Cream EX 75mlYOUR PRODUCT	Holika HolikaMechnikov's Probiotics Formula Radiance Cream	ZYMOGENNutri Active Ferment Cream	HWARANGBellflower Moisturizing Barrier Cream
Match	—	65%	64%	63%
Price	$7.27	$49.02+$41.75	$36.36+$29.09	$16.83+$9.56
Shared key ingredients	—	6 of 11	7 of 11	6 of 11
Key difference	—	Niacinamide	Ceramide Np	Niacinamide
Irritancy	High	Medium	Medium	Medium
Drying alcohol	—	—	—	—
	View product	Shop	Shop	Shop

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Sources cited in this review

Every concentration estimate and effectiveness label is anchored to one of these 27 studies and safety reviews.

1
Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functionsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2
The influence of alkane chain length on the skin irritation potential of 1,2-alkanediolsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3
Dimethicone as a protective ingredient in topical medicationsjaad.org
4
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Dimethicone Copolyoljournals.sagepub.com
5
Final report of the cosmetic ingredient review expert panel on the safety assessment of Polyisobutene and Hydrogenated Polyisobutene as used in cosmeticssemanticscholar.org
6
Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoinscielo.br
7
Safety Assessment of Acryloyldimethyltaurate Polymers as Used in Cosmeticscir-safety.org
8
Safety Assessment of Alkyl Esters as Used in Cosmeticscir-safety.org
9
Biological activities of the natural imidazole-containing peptidomimetics n-acetylcarnosine, carcinine and l-carnosine in ophthalmic and skin care productssciencedirect.com
10
Scutellaria baicalensis, the golden herb from the garden of Chinese medicinal plantsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
11
Flavonoids in Treating Psoriasissciencedirect.com
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SulwhasooEssential Firming Cream EX 75ml

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