Ceramides (ceramide ng 0.45% - 0.65%). Ceramides are an important part of our natural skin barrier. The Ceramides used in skincare are synthetic or come from plants. They help soften the skin and can help "fill the gaps" in the skin barrier, keeping the skin hydrated and resilient for longer.
Peptides (palmitoyl dipeptide-10 0.40% - 0.65% and palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 0.45% - 0.70%). There are many different kind of Peptides and they are naturally present in our skin. They all are a combination of aminoacids. Some of them work as natural antibiotics, promote wound-healing and production of collagen. The science is still not settled on how effective Peptides are in skincare, but it is very likely that they have a benefit. They might help restore the skin barrier and fight the signs of aging. At the very least, Peptides work as humectants: they attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improve its hydration.
Humectants (trehalose 0.25% - 0.45%, sodium hyaluronate 0.40% - 0.65%, hydrolyzed algae extract 0.50% - 0.75% and glycerin 4.70% - 5.70%). These ingredients help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improve the skin hydration.

Price

The product retails from 10.00$ up to 33.00$ in the United States, for 39.00£ in the United Kingdom and for 17.00A$ in Australia.

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What can the product work for?

Anti-aging

What does the product description say?

Paula's Choice's DEFENSE Nightly Reconditioning Moisturizer provides an instant radiance boost as it softens lines and infuses skin with pollution-fighting antioxidants including those that help reduce the surface texture and color changes due to blue light exposure.

Source: Dermstore

This product can help reduce and prevent fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity and firmness because it contains palmitoyl hexapeptide-12.

These ingredients in the product can also be helpful, even though there is less evidence for their effectiveness: adenosine phosphate, palmitoyl dipeptide-10.

Keep in mind that it typically takes at least 6 weeks to notice any results because the changes that are needed to improve fine lines and elasticity happen in the deeper layers of the skin. No topical anti-aging product can “erase” wrinkles or fully reverse signs of aging.

palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 0.45% - 0.7%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

palmitoyl dipeptide-10 0.4% - 0.65%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: MEDIUM

A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles

adenosine phosphate 0.25% - 0.45%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: MEDIUM

Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin

Moisturizing

What does the product description say?

Nightly Reconditioning Moisturizer

Source: From product name

This product can help improve hydration of the skin with the two types of ingredients.

The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: glycerin, hydrolyzed algae extract.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: helianthus annuus seed oil, sesamum indicum seed oil.

The following ingredients in this product are especially good for supporting the skin barrier and helping with the hydration level: ceramide ng, palmitoyl dipeptide-10, palmitoyl hexapeptide-12

helianthus annuus seed oil 0.4% - 0.6%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function

hydrolyzed algae extract 0.5% - 0.75%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

sodium hyaluronate 0.4% - 0.65%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

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Can it cause trouble?

Ingredients & concentrations

All ingredients

Key Actives

zinc gluconate 0.25% - 0.45%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing, Anti-aging, Evens skin tone, Anti-inflammatory, Exfoliation, Anti-blemish, Anti-oxidation

Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin

allantoin 0.25% - 0.45%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Anti-inflammatory, Moisturizing, Reduces irritation, Reduces redness, Anti-blemish, Exfoliation

Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated

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Potential irritants

rosa damascena extract 1.4% - 1.7%

Irritation risk:

Oil of a very fragrant pink rose used as fragrance in cosmetics. Extensive research has shown it has mixed benefits. In the pro column, inhaling this flower’s scent seems to have relaxing properties and the plant’s petals contain skin-soothing and antioxidant compounds that can benefit skin. On the flipside, the numerous chemicals that create this rose’s distinctive fragrance pose a risk of causing skin aggravation.

eclipta prostrata extract 0.25% - 0.45%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Anti-oxidation, Anti-inflammatory

A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin. It can be irritating

Comodogenic ingredients

ethylhexyl palmitate 4.2% - 5.1%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Works for: Moisturizing

An emollient that helps soften the skin and create a nice product texture

hydrolyzed algae extract 0.5% - 0.75%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Works for: Moisturizing

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

All ingredients

water 45% - 55%

Irritation risk:

Plain old water

glycerin 4.7% - 5.7%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

ethylhexyl palmitate 4.2% - 5.1%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Works for: Moisturizing

An emollient that helps soften the skin and create a nice product texture

Ingredient list view

Water, Glycerin, Ethylhexyl palmitate, Hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, Isoamyl laurate, Prunus serotina fruit extract, Almond/borage/linseed/olive acids/glycerides, Rosa damascena extract, Medicago sativa extract, Sesamum indicum seed oil, Hydrolyzed eruca sativa leaf, Sclerocarya birrea seed oil, Hydrolyzed algae extract, Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12, Palmitoyl dipeptide-10, Sodium hyaluronate, Ceramide ng, Helianthus annuus seed oil, Cocoyl proline, Tocopherol, Allantoin, Trehalose, Eclipta prostrata extract, Potassium azeloyl diglycinate, Opuntia ficus-indica stem extract, Melia azadirachta leaf extract, Leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate, Moringa oleifera seed oil, Alaria esculenta extract, Adenosine phosphate, Peg-10 phytosterol, Tribehenin, Hydrolyzed vegetable protein, Sorbitan olivate, Sodium gluconate, Zinc gluconate, Copper gluconate, Magnesium aspartate, Cetearyl olivate, Isoamyl cocoate, Caprylic/capric triglyceride, Polyglyceryl-10 caprylate/caprate, Microcrystalline cellulose, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, Xanthan gum, Pentylene glycol, Butylene glycol, Sodium citrate, Phenoxyethanol, Potassium sorbate, Ethylhexylglycerin

	Paula's choice - Nightly Reconditioning Moisturizer	Nacomi - Spotless Skin	Skintegra - Hyperdew	Tracie Martyn - Complexion Savior Mask	Geek & Gorgeous 101 - aPAD	Miss Spa - Coarse Correct Blemish Banishing Serum	Naturium - Azelaic Topical Acid 10%	Dr. David Jack - Good Morning Vitamin C Serum	Helia-D - Cell Concept Regenerating serum	Acnemy - Postzit	NIOD - RE: Pigment Serum
Price
WIMJ similarity score		64%	63%	63%	63%	63%	62%	62%	62%	62%	62%
Key ingredients	potassium azeloyl diglycinate palmitoyl dipeptide-10 +16 more	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate sodium hyaluronate +2 more Other: niacinamide ascorbyl glucoside +6 more	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate copper gluconate +1 more Other: arginine aspartic acid +14 more	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate allantoin +1 more Other: betaine epilobium angustifolium flower/leaf/stem extract +1 more	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate allantoin +1 more Other:	Common: glycerin sodium hyaluronate Other: acetyl tetrapeptide-15 glycoproteins +1 more	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate glycerin +1 more Other: niacinamide 3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate sodium hyaluronate +2 more Other: niacinamide sodium ascorbyl phosphate +3 more	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate glycerin Other: centella asiatica extract	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate tocopherol +1 more Other: niacinamide salicylic acid +4 more	Common: potassium azeloyl diglycinate glycerin Other: myristoyl nonapeptide-3 oligopeptide-68 +3 more
Irritancy	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW
Potential Irritants	melia azadirachta leaf extract Has skin benefit? eclipta prostrata extract Has skin benefit? +16 more	benzyl alcohol Has skin benefit? raspberry ketone Has skin benefit? +8 more	citric acid Has skin benefit? potassium sorbate Has skin benefit? +5 more	epilobium angustifolium flower/leaf/stem extract Has skin benefit? potassium sorbate Has skin benefit? +3 more	ethylhexylglycerin Has skin benefit? citric acid Has skin benefit?	scutellaria baicalensis root extract Has skin benefit? hydroxyacetophenone Has skin benefit? +2 more	phenylpropanol Has skin benefit? 3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid Has skin benefit? +4 more	potassium sorbate Has skin benefit? olea europaea leaf extract Has skin benefit? +8 more	potassium sorbate Has skin benefit? ethylhexylglycerin Has skin benefit? +2 more	decyl glucoside Has skin benefit? salicylic acid Has skin benefit? +7 more	caprylyl glycol Has skin benefit? 1,2-hexanediol Has skin benefit? +7 more
All ingredients	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +49 more	water Has skin benefit? niacinamide Has skin benefit? +27 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +32 more	water Has skin benefit? saccharide isomerate Has skin benefit? +16 more	water Has skin benefit? potassium azeloyl diglycinate Has skin benefit? +9 more	water Has skin benefit? aloe barbadensis leaf juice Has skin benefit? +14 more	water Has skin benefit? propanediol Has skin benefit? +16 more	water Has skin benefit? sodium ascorbyl phosphate Has skin benefit? +23 more	water Has skin benefit? potassium azeloyl diglycinate Has skin benefit? +10 more	water Has skin benefit? niacinamide Has skin benefit? +21 more	lentinus edodes mycelium extract Has skin benefit? water Has skin benefit? +25 more

PRODUCT REVIEW

Paula's choice Nightly Reconditioning Moisturizer

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What can the product work for?

Works for

Anti-aging

What does the product description say?

Moisturizing

What does the product description say?

Honesty check

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Comodogenic ingredients

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Ingredients & concentrations

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Key Actives

Potential irritants

Comodogenic ingredients

All ingredients

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