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1
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octinoxate 7.5%
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Octinoxate. When used in higher concentrations, works as a sunscreen protecting the skin from UVB rays. When used in lower concentration, helps to preserve the product formulation. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can be irritating
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2
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homosalate 6.5%
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A weak sunscreen that offers some protection against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB), but does not offer meaningful protection against protect against the most aging sun rays (UVA). It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen. When used in low concentrations, helps to stabilize the product formulation
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3
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octisalate 5%
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Octisalate. A UV filter. It offers some protection against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB), but does not protect against the most aging sun rays (UVA). It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen
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4
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avobenzone 3%
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Avobenzone. A broad spectrum sunscreen meaning that it can protect against both UVA rays. Currently, it is the only sunscreen ingredient available in the US (approved by the FDA) with the peak absorbance within the UVA I range. It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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5
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oxybenzone 2%
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Same as oxybenzone. Protects in the UVB and short UVA range. In small concentrations, used to stabilize product formulation. Can be irritating. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can penetrate the skin and get absorbed into bloodstream faster than other popular filters available in the US. The study that produced this finding did not address any potential health effects of the absorption
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6
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. ingredients:
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The ingredient is not recognized
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7
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water (aqua
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Plain old water
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8
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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9
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stearic acid
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Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
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10
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diisopropyl sebacate
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin without creatng a greasy finish
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11
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cocoglycerides
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Help soften the upper layer of the skin and make it easier for oil and water mix together. Recently, a rising number of allergic reactions to cocoglycerides and other coconut-derived surfactants has been reported. As there is a significant overlap between frequent irritants and allergens, we flag this ingredient for attention of those with very sensitive, reactive skin
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12
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lauryl lactate
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13
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glyceryl stearate
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An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together
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14
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peg-100 stearate
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Helps oil and water mix togehter and creates a nice product texture
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15
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isodecyl neopentanoate
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An emollient that helps soften the skin. It also forms a protective on its surface to reduce water loss.
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16
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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17
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cetyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together
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18
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cetyl phosphate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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19
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urea
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Naturally present in skin. Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients. Is an exfoliating ingredient when used in high concentrations
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20
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yeast amino acids
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21
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trehalose
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A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin
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22
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inositol
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23
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taurine
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Could be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin, evening out the skin tone and neutralizing free radicals, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness
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24
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betaine
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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25
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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26
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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27
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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28
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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29
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pelvetia canaliculata extract
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30
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ectoin
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Softens the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function
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31
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ginkgo biloba leaf extract
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A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation in skin. It can be irritating
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32
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vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract
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A plant extract that contains resveratrol and other anti-oxidant compounds that can help neutralize free radicals, reduce inflammation in skin and even out its tone. Can be also used to stabilize the product formulation
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33
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passiflora incarnata extract
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34
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tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective.
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35
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sodium pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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36
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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37
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tripleurospermum maritimum extract
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38
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zinc gluconate
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Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin
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39
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ethyl linoleate
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Helps reduce acne and blemishes. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and reduce inflammation. Might be helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out the skin tone, but evidence of effectiveness in skin are lacking
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40
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magnesium aluminum silicate
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Might be helpful in restoring skin barrier function and, when combined with zinc carbonate and malonic acid, reducing fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating elastin production. Also helps stabilize the product formulation
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41
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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42
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aminomethyl propanol
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Used to adjust the pH in formulations
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43
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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44
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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45
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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46
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chlorphenesin
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A preservative
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47
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limonene
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A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
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48
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linalool
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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49
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fragrance (parfum
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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50
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yellow 6 (ci 15985
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A colorant
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51
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red 33 (ci 17200
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A red colorant
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