| 1 |
water
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
ascorbic acid
| One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation |
| 3 |
potassium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the pH level of products |
| 4 |
propylene glycol
| Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin |
| 5 |
butylene glycol
| Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 6 |
1,2-hexanediol
| A preservative |
| 7 |
hyaluronic acid
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation |
| 8 |
pomegranate extract
| A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin and even out the skin tone, but is typically used in products in a concentration that is too low to be effective |
| 9 |
, celery extract,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 10 |
rice extract
| |
| 11 |
, cabbage extract, turnip extract, tomato extract, carrot extract, broccoli extract, green tea
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 12 |
green tea
| Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties |
| 13 |
leaf extract
| |
| 14 |
, chinese quince extract,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 15 |
lime extract
| |
| 16 |
, orange extract,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 17 |
kelp extract
| |
| 18 |
, mushroom extract, lemon extract,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 19 |
ubiquinone
| Coenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen |
| 20 |
asparagine
| |
| 21 |
proline
| |
| 22 |
methionine
| |
| 23 |
serine
| An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles |
| 24 |
isoleucine
| An amino acid that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function |
| 25 |
glutamine
| |
| 26 |
cysteine
| |
| 27 |
tryptophan
| |
| 28 |
caprylic/capric triglyceride
| A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin |
| 29 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 30 |
hydrogenated lecithin
| Helps to retain moisture by creating a protective barrier on the skin. Rich in fatty acids. Improves product texture and helps with the penetration of other ingredients. |
| 31 |
polysorbate 80
| Helps water and oil mix together |
| 32 |
tocopheryl acetate
| A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients. |
| 33 |
ethylhexylglycerin
| A preservative |
| 34 |
peg-60 hydrogenated castor oil
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 35 |
carbomer
| Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations |
| 36 |
disodium edta
| Stabilizes the product formulation |
| 37 |
parfum
| An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients |
