|
1
|
propylene glycol
|
Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin
|
|
2
|
dimethicone
|
A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
|
|
3
|
ascorbic acid
|
One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
|
|
4
|
glycerin
|
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
|
|
5
|
cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone
|
A type of silicone that helps water and oil mix together. Can help to soften upper layer of the skin
|
|
6
|
dimethicone crosspolymer
|
Used to create a thicker product texture
|
|
7
|
lauroyl lysine
|
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice product texture
|
|
8
|
acrylonitrile/methyl, methacrylate/vinylidene chloride copolymer
|
Helps to create a nice product consistency
|
|
9
|
adenosine
|
Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin
|
|
10
|
hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid
|
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. A version of it is naturally present in skin
|
|
11
|
isobutane
|
|
|
12
|
pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate
|
Used to increase stability of product formulations
|
