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1
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aqua / water
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Plain old water
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2
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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3
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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4
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propanediol
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Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin
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5
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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6
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butyrospermum parkii butter / shea butter
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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7
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pentylene glycol
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Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture
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8
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niacinamide
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Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture
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9
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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10
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ammonium polyacryldimethyltauramide / ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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11
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polymethylsilsesquioxane
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A silicone that improves product texture and helps dissolve other ingredients. Can form a non-greasy film on the skin to prevent moisture loss
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12
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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13
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allantoin
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Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated
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14
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glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and provide a longer-lasting hydration. Can create a thicker product consistency
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15
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dimethiconol
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A silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time
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16
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aluminum starch octenylsuccinate
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Used to thicken the product's consistency
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17
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carnosine
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A type of peptide. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help neutralize free radicals in skin combatting the sun damage
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18
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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19
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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20
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acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester
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A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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21
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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22
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t-butyl alcohol
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Used to dissolve other ingredients and to improve smell of products. It could be irritating
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23
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toluene sulfonic acid
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24
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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