1 |
water/aqua/eau
| Plain old water |
2 |
sodium pca
| Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer |
3 |
propanediol
| Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin |
4 |
galactomyces ferment filtrate
| A yeast ferment filtrate that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, can help neutralize antioxidants and can be helpful in evening out the skin tone. It might be somewhat helpful in preventing premature skin aging but solid evidence is lacking. A small manufacturer study also shows that, when used in high concentrations, it can help reduce sebum production and help against blocked pores |
5 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
6 |
beta vulgaris (beet) root extract
| A plant extract that might have some antioxidant properties, but mostly used in cosmetics for its color |
7 |
fructooligosaccharides
| Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
8 |
saccharomyces/xylinum/black tea ferment
| |
9 |
cocos nucifera (coconut) fruit juice
| |
10 |
sclerocarya birrea seed oil
| An emollient that helps to soften the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. It might be somewhat helpful against hyperpigmentation |
11 |
lactic acid
| An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) |
12 |
pentylene glycol
| Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture |
13 |
sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer
| Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin |
14 |
zinc gluconate
| Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin |
15 |
sodium lactate
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product |
16 |
magnesium aspartate
| Might be helpful in restoring skin barrier function and calm down inflammation in skin |
17 |
pca
| Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer |
18 |
alanine
| An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lacking |
19 |
arginine
| An amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin |
20 |
glycine
| Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier function |
21 |
histidine
| |
22 |
isoleucine
| An amino acid that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function |
23 |
phenylalanine
| |
24 |
proline
| |
25 |
serine
| An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles |
26 |
threonine
| An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles |
27 |
valine
| |
28 |
aspartic acid
| An amino-acid that helps increase skin hydration and might help to slightly improve skin firmness, potentially reducing lines and wrinkles |
29 |
calcium gluconate
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and helps to improve appearance of the product |
30 |
copper gluconate
| Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing |
31 |
trehalose
| A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin |
32 |
linoleic acid
| An excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores |
33 |
linolenic acid
| An emollient that helps soften the skin and calm down inflammation |
34 |
ceramide ap
| A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin |
35 |
ceramide eop
| A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin |
36 |
ceramide np
| A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin |
37 |
phytosphingosine
| A type of lipid that is naturally present in skin. It might help in repairing skin barrier function and has anti-bacterial effect |
38 |
cholesterol
| An emollient that is naturally found in skin |
39 |
xylitol
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and repair the skin barrier function |
40 |
humulus lupulus (hops) extract
| |
41 |
hyaluronic acid
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation |
42 |
sodium lauroyl lactylate
| Helps water and oil mix together |
43 |
tapioca starch
| Used to create a thicker product consistency |
44 |
tetrasodium glutamate diacetate
| |
45 |
xanthan gum
| Used to create a thicker product consistency |
46 |
potassium lactate
| |
47 |
polysorbate 20
| Helps oil and water mix together |
48 |
citric acid
| Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH |
49 |
carbomer
| Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations |
50 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
51 |
sodium benzoate
| A preservative |
52 |
tocopherol
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
53 |
sodium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the product's pH |
54 |
potassium sorbate
| A preservative |
55 |
ethylhexylglycerin
| A preservative |