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1
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step one:
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The ingredient is not recognized
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2
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water
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Plain old water
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3
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alcohol denat.
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Produces temporary toning effect. Can help dissolve other ingredients or preserve products
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4
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glycolic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid
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5
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hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) leaf extract
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A plant extract that can help calm down inflammation in skin. Can, however, itself be irritating
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6
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potassium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the pH level of products
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7
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salicylic acid
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Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)
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8
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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9
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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10
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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11
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malic acid
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Helps adjust the product pH
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12
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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13
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achillea millefolium extract
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Plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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14
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chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower extract
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Plant extract that can have healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a potential allergen and can be irritating
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15
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soy isoflavones
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16
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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17
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copper pca
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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18
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zinc pca
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A compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missing
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19
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fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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20
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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21
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. step two:
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The ingredient is not recognized
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22
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water
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Plain old water
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23
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sodium bicarbonate
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Helps regulate the product pH
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24
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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25
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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26
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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27
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retinol
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Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating
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28
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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29
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resveratrol
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Helps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, as well as even out the skin tone
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30
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ubiquinone
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Coenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen
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31
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achillea millefolium extract
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Plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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32
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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33
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soy isoflavones
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34
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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35
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copper pca
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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36
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sodium pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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37
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zinc pca
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A compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missing
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38
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simethicone
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A type of silicone that helps to create nice product texture and is used as an anti-foaming agent
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39
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octoxynol-9
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40
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tetrasodium edta
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Helps to stabilize the product formulation
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41
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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42
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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Maria from WIMJ
