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1
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water/aqua/eau
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Plain old water
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2
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propylene glycol
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Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin
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3
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3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid
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A vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Can help neutralize free radicals and help reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products
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4
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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5
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collagen amino acids
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Help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, soften it and support the skin barrier function
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6
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niacinamide
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Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture
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7
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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8
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superoxide dismutase
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An antioxidant enzyme that is naturally present in skin. It can help support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in skin. It is used in topical medications for inflammatory skin conditions including atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis. There are three types of natural Superoxide Dismutase in human skin. The compound used in topical treatments and cosmetics are mimics of typically one of these natural variants
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9
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ubiquinone
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Coenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen
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10
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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11
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phytic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), but is mostly used to stabilize product formulations in cosmetics
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12
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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13
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sphingolipids
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Sphingolipids are a group of lipids with a common chemical structure. Some of them are naturally present in skin and can be converted to ceramides
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14
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colloidal oatmeal
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Helps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammation
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15
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carnitine
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16
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hci,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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17
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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18
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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19
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soy isoflavones
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20
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aloe barbadensis leaf extract
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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21
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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22
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cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract
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Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect
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23
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chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower extract
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Plant extract that can have healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a potential allergen and can be irritating
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24
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sodium pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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25
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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26
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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27
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acrylates/carbamate copolymer
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28
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glycolic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid
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29
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tetrasodium edta
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Helps to stabilize the product formulation
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30
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rubus idaeus (raspberry) fruit extract
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A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, bu research on its effectiveness is lacking
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31
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pyrus malus (apple) fruit extract
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Can have some moisturizing properties due to its sugar content
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32
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elettaria cardamomum seed extract
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33
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santalum album (sandalwood) wood extract
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Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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34
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salvia officinalis (sage) leaf extract
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35
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rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf extract
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Can be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin. Is a likely irritant
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36
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rose extract
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Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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37
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jasminum officinale (jasmine) flower extract
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Fragrance. Can be irritating
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38
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fucus vesiculosus extract
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39
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cupressus sempervirens leaf/stem extract
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40
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cucumis melo (melon) fruit extract
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A fruit extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties
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41
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coffea arabica (coffee) seed extract
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Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin
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42
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citrus aurantium amara (bitter orange) flower extract
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43
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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44
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polysorbate 80
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Helps water and oil mix together
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45
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biosaccharide gum-4
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46
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cananga odorata flower extract
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Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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47
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citrus aurantium bergamia (bergamot) fruit extract
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48
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lavandula angustifolia (lavender) flower/leaf/stem extract
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49
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triethyl citrate
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Used as a fragrance. Rarely causes irritation
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50
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linalool
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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51
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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52
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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53
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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Maria from WIMJ 
