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1
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water
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Plain old water
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2
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alcohol denat.
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Produces temporary toning effect. Can help dissolve other ingredients or preserve products
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3
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sd alcohol 40-b
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Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
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4
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glycolic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid
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5
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potassium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the pH level of products
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6
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hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) water
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A plant extract that can help calm down inflammation in skin. Can, however, itself be irritating
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7
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salicylic acid
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Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)
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8
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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9
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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10
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mandelic acid
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Helps shed the upper layer of dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. It has anti-bacterial properties, and might help to reduce blemishes, as well as fine lines and wrinkles. It is considered to be gentler than glycolic acid
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11
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malic acid
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Helps adjust the product pH
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12
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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13
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salix alba (willow) bark extract
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A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. It contains a compound salicin that can theoretically be converted into salicylic acid that, in turn, helps reduce inflammation in skin, but the evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking.
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14
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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15
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achillea millefolium extract
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Plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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16
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chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower extract
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Plant extract that can have healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a potential allergen and can be irritating
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17
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soy isoflavones
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|
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18
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anthemis nobilis flower extract
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A plant extract that one one hand, can contain compounds that can help calm down skin irritation, but, on the other hand, its other compounds (especially fragrant ones) can themselves be irritating
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19
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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20
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copper pca
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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21
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zinc pca
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A compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missing
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22
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lecithin
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Used mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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23
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alcohol
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Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
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24
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polysorbate 80
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Helps water and oil mix together
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25
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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26
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menthone glycerin acetal
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|
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27
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fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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28
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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29
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benzoic acid
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A preservative
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30
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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31
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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32
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. *exfoliant.
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The ingredient is not recognized
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33
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water
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Plain old water
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34
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sodium bicarbonate
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Helps regulate the product pH
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35
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resveratrol
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Helps neutralize free radicals in skin and might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles, as well as even out the skin tone
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36
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retinol
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Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating
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37
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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38
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ubiquinone
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Coenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen
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39
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phospholipids
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Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product
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40
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adenosine
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Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin
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41
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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42
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soy isoflavones
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|
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43
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achillea millefolium extract
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Plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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44
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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45
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leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
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A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine
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46
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copper pca
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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47
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sodium pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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48
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zinc pca
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A compound that combines zinc with a hydrating ingredient PCA. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Can help calm down inflammation in skin. Could be helpful in reducing the formation of free radicals in skin. Might help to reduce fine lines in wrinkles, but solid evidence is missing
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49
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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50
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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51
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octoxynol-9
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|
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52
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tetrasodium edta
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Helps to stabilize the product formulation
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53
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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54
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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55
|
potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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