| Ingredient | Estimated concentration |
|---|
|
Plain old water
|
45% -
55%
|
|
A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
|
4.5% -
5.5%
|
|
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
|
4.3% -
5.2%
|
|
Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
|
3.6% -
4.4%
|
|
Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
|
2.5% -
3%
|
|
Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
|
2.1% -
2.5%
|
|
Helps thicken the product consistency
|
1.8% -
2.1%
|
|
A type of silicone that helps water and oil mix together. Can help to soften upper layer of the skin
|
1.4% -
1.7%
|
|
Enhances the product texture and makes it more spreadable. Helps reduce water loss from the outer layer of skin. Extands the shelf life by preventing bacteria growth
|
1.1% -
1.4%
|
|
|
0.7% -
1.05%
|
|
Is used to enhance product texture and can help to optically mask skin imperfections
|
0.6% -
0.9%
|
|
Is used to add opaque (non-transparent) appearance to formulations. Can be used to coat other ingredients for even dispersion. This is a different ingredient compared to the ones used in antipersperants (aluminium chloride and aluminium chlorohydrate)
|
0.45% -
0.7%
|
|
Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
|
0.35% -
0.6%
|
|
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
|
0.2% -
0.4%
|
|
Used to thicken the product formulation and might help to add minerals to the surface of the skin. It is used in scrubs as a physical exfoliant. Can increase sensitivity to other ingredients if left on the skin or used in high concentration
|
0.15% -
0.3%
|
|
Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin without creating a greasy texture
|
0.2% -
0.4%
|
|
A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
|
0.2% -
0.4%
|
|
An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients
|
0.2% -
0.35%
|
|
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
|
Used to create an even product consistency
|
0.2% -
0.35%
|
|
Stabilizes the product formulation
|
0.15% -
0.3%
|
|
A preservative
|
0.15% -
0.3%
|
|
A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
|
0.1% -
0.25%
|
|
Is used to dissolve other ingredients and create nice product texture
|
0.15% -
0.3%
|
|
Used as a cleansing agent. It creates foam
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
A fragrance with jasmine smell. A likely irritant
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
|
Fragrance with sweet balsamic smell. Help to preserve products and dissolve other ingredients. Could trigger allergic reactions and be irritating
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
|
Helps thicken the product formulation
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
A fragrance. Can trigger allergic reactions and be irritating
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
|
A type of silicone that helps oil and water mix well together. Helps to disperse other ingredients, e.g. pigments, evenly in a formulation
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
Can help neutralize free radicals in skin but is typically not used in a high enough concentration
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
A fragrance. Potential allergen and can be irritating
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
|
Used for its fragrance. Can be irritating
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
A fragrance. Can be irritating
|
0.1% -
0.15%
|
|
A fragrance. Can be irritating
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
|
A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
|
A fragrance. Is a likely irritant
|
0.1% -
0.15%
|
|
Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation
|
0.15% -
0.3%
|
|
Creates an illusion of smoother and more radiant skin tone. Adds shimmer to the skin by reflecting light
|
0.2% -
0.35%
|
|
Used to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skin
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
|
Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
|
0.2% -
0.35%
|
|
A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
|
A colorant. Usually well-tolerated
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
|
An iron oxide. Used as a colorant. Is usually well tolerated
|
0.05% -
0.1%
|
|
An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499
|
0.05% -
0.05%
|
|
