| 1 |
water (aqua
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
sodium cocoyl glutamate
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 3 |
cocamidopropyl betaine
| Helps water and oil mix together. Used as a cleansing ingredient. Could be an allergen |
| 4 |
panthenol (vitamin b5
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function |
| 5 |
tocopheryl acetate
| A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients. |
| 6 |
vitamin e
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
| 7 |
ascorbic acid
| One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation |
| 8 |
butylene glycol
| Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 9 |
brassica oleracea (kale) leaf extract
| |
| 10 |
spinacia oleracea (spinach) leaf extract
| |
| 11 |
camellia sinensis (green tea) leaf extract
| Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties |
| 12 |
chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower extract
| Plant extract that can have healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a potential allergen and can be irritating |
| 13 |
medicago sativa (alfalfa) extract
| |
| 14 |
aloe barbadensis (aloe vera) leaf extract
| Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin |
| 15 |
, natural
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 16 |
fragrance
| An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients |
| 17 |
lecithin
| Used mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin |
| 18 |
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
| Used to create a thicker product consistency and stabilize the formulation |
| 19 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
| 20 |
potassium sorbate
| A preservative |
| 21 |
sodium benzoate
| A preservative |
| 22 |
, chlorophyll
| The ingredient is not recognized |
