1 |
aqua
| Plain old water |
2 |
lactobacillus/punica granatum fruit ferment extract
| An enzyme-based exfoliant |
3 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
4 |
gluconolactone
| A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting inimporved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Might help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals |
5 |
propylene glycol
| Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin |
6 |
glycolic acid
| An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid |
7 |
lactic acid
| An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) |
8 |
sodium lactate
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product |
9 |
polyacrylate crosspolymer-6
| |
10 |
hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer
| A gelling agent that thickens the product consistency and leaves the skin with a velvety finish |
11 |
niacinamide
| Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture |
12 |
curcuma longa root extract
| A plant extract that can contain an active compound curcumin, that may have some anti-inflammatory properties when applied to the skin, but solid research is lacking and the typical concentration used in skincare products is too low. Can be an irritant |
13 |
leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
| A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine |
14 |
polysorbate 60
| Helps oil and water mix together |
15 |
sorbitan isostearate
| Helps oil and water mix together |
16 |
dehydroacetic acid
| A preservative |
17 |
formic acid
| |
18 |
t-butyl alcohol
| Used to dissolve other ingredients and to improve smell of products. It could be irritating |
19 |
biosaccharide gum-4
| |
20 |
sodium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the product's pH |
21 |
benzonic acid
| A preservative |
22 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
23 |
parfum
| An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients |