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1
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water/aqua/eau
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Plain old water
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2
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alumina
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The same compound that is used safely in dental implants and bone cements. In cosmetics, it is used to improve the consistency of products
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3
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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4
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jojoba esters
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An emollient made of jojoba oil. Helps soften the skin and support its barrier function
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5
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cellulose
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Can be used to help absorb oil as well as add volume and imporve texture of products.
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6
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mannitol
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Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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7
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hydrogenated jojoba oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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8
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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9
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tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective.
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10
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ferulic acid
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A potent anti-oxidant that has been shown to be effective in neutralizing free radicals in skin. There seem to have a synergetic effect of ferulic acid, vitamin E and C, meaning that when the ingredients are used together, they enhance each other's ability protect the skin against free radicals. Ferulic acid also helps to stabilize other ingredients - including vitamins C and E. It can help to even out the skin tone. Ferulic acid is approved for use as a sunscreen ingredient in Japan in concentrations up to 10%
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11
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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12
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theobroma cacao (cocoa) seed butter
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effect
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13
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simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed oil
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Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.
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14
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citrus limon (lemon) fruit extract
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Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and cause photosensitivity
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15
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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16
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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17
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l actose
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|
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18
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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19
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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20
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sodium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the product's pH
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21
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hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
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Used to create a thicker product consistency and stabilize the formulation
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22
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polyvinyl alcohol
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23
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silica
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Used to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skin
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24
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tin oxide
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A colorant that can add a pearl-like appearance to the formulation
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25
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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26
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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27
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talc
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Absorbs oil and moisture helping to create a dryer product finish
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28
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ethylhexylglycerin
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A preservative
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29
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fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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30
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titanium dioxide
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Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
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31
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iron oxides
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A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating
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32
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(ci 77499, ci 77492), d&
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The ingredient is not recognized
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33
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c red no. 30 lake, d&c red no. 3
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34
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0, fd&
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The ingredient is not recognized
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35
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c yellow no.
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36
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yellow no. 5
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A yellow dye
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37
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aluminum lake.
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The ingredient is not recognized
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