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1
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aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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sodium lauroamphoacetate
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3
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hydrated silica
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4
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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5
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sorbitol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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6
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peg-200 hydrogenated glyceryl palmate
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7
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sodium myristoyl sarcosinate
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8
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acrylates copolymer
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Used to stabilize product formulation, help create an even product layer over skin (for example, in sunscreen) and create a thicker product consistency
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9
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sodium trideceth sulfate
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10
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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11
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niacinamide
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Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture
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12
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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13
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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14
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salicylic acid
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Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)
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15
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rubus idaeus fruit extract
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A fruit extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking
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16
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fragaria chiloensis fruit extract
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17
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serica extract
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18
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zea mays silk extract
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19
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bht
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A preservative
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20
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peg-100
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21
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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22
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propylene glycol
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Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin
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23
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peg-7 glyceryl cocoate
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24
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glycol distearate
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Helps water and oil mix together
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25
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laureth-10
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26
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trideceth-3
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27
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cocamide mea
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28
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magnesium nitrate
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29
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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30
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tetrasodium edta
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Helps to stabilize the product formulation
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31
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sodium sulfate
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Used to improve the product consistency and stabilize formulations
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32
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sodium chloride
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Used to stabilize mixtures of oil and water, and create thicker, gel-like product textures
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33
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magnesium chloride
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34
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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35
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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36
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sodium laureth sulfate
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37
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lauric acid
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Helps water and oil mix together. Has anti-bacterial properties that might be helpful in preventing blemishes
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38
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polyquaternium-10
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product finish
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39
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methylchloroisothiazolinone
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40
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methylisothiazolinone
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A preservative. Is a frequent allergen
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41
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parfum
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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42
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hexyl cinnamal
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A fragrance with jasmine smell. A likely irritant
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43
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ci 17200
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A red colorant
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44
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ci 19140
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A yellow dye
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