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1
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aqua(water
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Plain old water
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2
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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3
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glycerine
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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4
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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5
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capryl methicone
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A type of silicone that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product finish on the skin
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6
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macadamia ternifolia seed oil
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Plant oil from nuts that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Contains a high concentration of oleic acid that can weaken skin's barrier function and increase water-loss while enhancing penetration of other ingredients
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7
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rosa centifolia flower extract
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Contains essential oil. Can be irritating
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8
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cetearyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
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9
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hyaluronic acid
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation
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10
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natto gum
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11
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sucrose stearate
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Helps water and oil mix together
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12
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sucrose distearate
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13
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stearic acid
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Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
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14
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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15
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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16
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hydrolyzed collagen
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A typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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17
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salix alba(willow) bark extract
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A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. It contains a compound salicin that can theoretically be converted into salicylic acid that, in turn, helps reduce inflammation in skin, but the evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking.
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18
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hydrolyzed elastin
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19
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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20
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hydrogenated lecithin
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Helps to retain moisture by creating a protective barrier on the skin. Rich in fatty acids. Improves product texture and helps with the penetration of other ingredients.
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21
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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22
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triethanolamine
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Used to adjust pH of the product and can help improve the product's smell
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23
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ethylhexylglycerin
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A preservative
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24
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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