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1
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water
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Plain old water
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2
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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3
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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4
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oryza sativa (rice) bran oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant properties
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5
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butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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6
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hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer
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A gelling agent that thickens the product consistency and leaves the skin with a velvety finish
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7
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glyceryl stearate se
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Used to stabilize the product formulations and works as an emollient
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8
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polysorbate 60
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Helps oil and water mix together
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9
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(euterpe oleracea/euterpe precatoria/theobroma grandiflorum) fruit extract,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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10
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salvia hispanica seed oil
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Chia seed oil. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and might be helpful in repairing skin barrier
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11
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chenopodium quinoa seed extract
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12
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camellia sinensis leaf powder
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Might provide some anti-oxidant benefits and help attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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13
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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14
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myrciaria dubia fruit extract
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A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its effectiveness is lacking
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15
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magnesium ascorbyl phosphate
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A derivative of vitamin C that is more stable, but less bioavailable than the pure form of vitamin C. It does not penetrate the skin well, but has been shown to convert to pure vitamin C once in skin. It can be helpful in stimulating collagen production and lightening the skin tone, but the required concentration is likely to be very high
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16
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theobroma cacao (cocoa) seed butter
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effect
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17
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rosa roxburghii fruit extract
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A fruit extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but evidence of effectiveness is missing
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18
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oryza sativa (rice) lees extract
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19
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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20
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hydrolyzed collagen
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A typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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21
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sodium lauroyl lactylate
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Helps water and oil mix together
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22
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ceramide np
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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23
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ceramide ap
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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24
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ceramide eop
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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25
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rice ferment filtrate
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties
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26
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iris florentina root extract
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27
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1,2-hexanediol
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A preservative
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28
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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29
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acrylates/c10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer
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Maintains the texture of skincare products. Allows the product to spread evenly. Helps oil and water mix together
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30
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peg-45 stearate
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31
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potassium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the pH level of products
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32
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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33
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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34
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fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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35
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sodium citrate
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Helps to control the skin's pH level. Maintains the skin's natural film of amino-lactic acids and oils. Helps to preserve products
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36
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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37
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alcohol
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Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
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38
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propanediol
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Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin
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39
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zinc sulfate
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A preservative. It can be irritating
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40
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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41
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phytosphingosine
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A type of lipid that is naturally present in skin. It might help in repairing skin barrier function and has anti-bacterial effect
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42
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cholesterol
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An emollient that is naturally found in skin
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43
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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44
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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