| 1 |
aqua (water
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
caprylic/capric triglyceride
| A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin |
| 3 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 4 |
cetyl alcohol
| A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together |
| 5 |
stearyl alcohol
| An emollient that helps soften the skin |
| 6 |
stearic acid
| Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient |
| 7 |
cetearyl alcohol
| A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture |
| 8 |
dimethicone
| A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish |
| 9 |
squalane
| An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling. |
| 10 |
aleurites moluccana (kukui nut) seed oil
| Helps soften the upper layer of the skin |
| 11 |
helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil
| A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function |
| 12 |
oenothera biennis (evening primrose) oil
| Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function |
| 13 |
aloe barbadensis leaf juice
| Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin |
| 14 |
camellia sinensis leaf extract
| Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties |
| 15 |
ginkgo biloba leaf extract
| A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation in skin. It can be irritating |
| 16 |
lavandula angustifolia (lavender) flower
| |
| 17 |
/leaf stem extract,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 18 |
ascorbic acid
| One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation |
| 19 |
ascorbyl glucoside
| A vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Has a potential to boost collagen production, nutralise free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products |
| 20 |
tocopherol
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
| 21 |
tocopheryl acetate
| A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients. |
| 22 |
citric acid
| Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH |
| 23 |
glycereth-2 cocoate
| |
| 24 |
glycolic acid
| An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid |
| 25 |
polysorbate 60
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 26 |
potassium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the pH level of products |
| 27 |
salicylic acid
| Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid) |
| 28 |
sodium hyaluronate
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin |
| 29 |
xanthan gum
| Used to create a thicker product consistency |
| 30 |
benzoic acid
| A preservative |
| 31 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
| 32 |
potassium sorbate
| A preservative |
| 33 |
sodium benzoate
| A preservative |
| 34 |
frangrance (parfum
| An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients |
| 35 |
). *certified ingredient. caution: for external use only. keep out of reach of children.avoid direct contact with eyes. if rash or irritation occurs, stop use and consult a physician.
| The ingredient is not recognized |
