Ingredient | Estimated concentration |
Plain old water
|
45% -
55%
|
A silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absord oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin
|
6.3% -
7.7%
|
Octinoxate. When used in higher concentrations, works as a sunscreen protecting the skin from UVB rays. When used in lower concentration, helps to preserve the product formulation. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can be irritating
|
4.7% -
5.8%
|
A weak sunscreen that protects against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB) and is somewhat effective against the UVA rays. It is quite stable and can help stabilize other, more vulnerable, sunscreen ingredients like Avobenzone. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen
|
3.7% -
4.5%
|
A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
|
2.5% -
3.1%
|
Octisalate. A UV filter. It offers some protection against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB), but does not protect against the most aging sun rays (UVA). It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen
|
2.6% -
3.2%
|
A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
|
1.7% -
2.1%
|
Avobenzone. An organic, or so-called "chemical" UV filter. Protects against both UVA and UVB rays. Needs to be combined with other filters in a formulation to be stable.
|
2% -
2.5%
|
Helps water and oil in the product mix well together and improves product texture
|
1.2% -
1.4%
|
Helps oil and water mix together
|
0.95% -
1.15%
|
Helps water and oil mix together
|
0.7% -
1.05%
|
Used to create a thicker product texture. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and might be able to prevent moisture loss from its surface
|
0.55% -
0.85%
|
A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
|
0.5% -
0.8%
|
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
|
0.5% -
0.75%
|
A type of silicone that helps water and oil mix together. Can help to soften upper layer of the skin
|
0.45% -
0.65%
|
A type of silicone. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and creates a nice, light product texture
|
0.5% -
0.7%
|
Helps oil and water mix together
|
0.45% -
0.7%
|
Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
|
0.35% -
0.65%
|
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency
|
0.35% -
0.65%
|
Helps to restore skin barrier function, soften the upper layer of the skin and calm down inflammation
|
0.4% -
0.65%
|
A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
|
0.3% -
0.55%
|
A preservative
|
0.25% -
0.5%
|
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation
|
0.25% -
0.5%
|
Helps create a thicker or gel-like product texture. It is not a surfactant but can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
|
0.25% -
0.5%
|
Used to create a thicker product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin
|
0.25% -
0.5%
|
A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
|
0.25% -
0.4%
|
Helps to stabilize the product formulation
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
Used to adjust the pH in formulations
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that, especially when exposed to air, can cause allergic reactions and irritate the skin
|
0.25% -
0.4%
|
Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated
|
0.2% -
0.4%
|
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals
|
0.2% -
0.4%
|
Could have anti-inflammatory effect on skin, but can be irritating as well. Can be added to products for its smell
|
0.2% -
0.35%
|
Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
|
0.25% -
0.5%
|
An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
A colorant. Usually well-tolerated
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
An iron oxide. Used as a colorant. Is usually well tolerated
|
0.1% -
0.2%
|
A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating
|
0.1% -
0.15%
|
Creates an illusion of smoother and more radiant skin tone. Adds shimmer to the skin by reflecting light
|
0.1% -
0.15%
|
|