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1
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aqua/water/eau
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Plain old water
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2
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hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) water
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A plant extract that can help calm down inflammation in skin. Can, however, itself be irritating
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3
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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4
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niacinamide
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Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture
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5
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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6
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leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
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A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine
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7
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backhousia citriodora leaf extract
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A plant extract used mostly as a fragrance. Can have some anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties
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8
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camellia oleifera leaf extract
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A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation, even though it is not usually used in sufficient concentration in cosmetics
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9
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cereus grandiflorus (cactus) flower extract
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A cactus extract that can help neutralize free radicals because it contains a chemical compound called betacyanins and flavonolglycosides. Can help make the surface of the skin dryer helping make pores look smaller for a very short period of time. The concentrations usually used in cosmetics are too small to have any effect
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10
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ficus carica (fig) fruit extract
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A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals. The concentrations typically used in cosmetics are too small to have an effect
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11
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ginkgo biloba leaf extract
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A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation in skin. It can be irritating
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12
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hovenia dulcis fruit extract
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A plant extract
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13
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malpighia punicifolia (acerola) fruit extract
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A fruit extract that might help neutralize free radicals. The concentrations typically used in cosmetics are too small to have an effect
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14
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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15
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acrylates/c10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer
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Maintains the texture of skincare products. Allows the product to spread evenly. Helps oil and water mix together
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16
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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17
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sodium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the product's pH
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18
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benzoic acid
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A preservative
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19
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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20
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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21
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parfum/fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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22
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red 33 (ci 17200
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A red colorant
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