Etude House Total Age Repair Reduce Royal BB Cream SPF45 PA+++
Works for
2 of 2 advertised claims delivered
Sun protectionSPF 45 · 2 UV filtersBroad spectrum
This product offers a good level of protection against both UVB and UVA rays.
It is a mineral sunscreen. In other words, it contains non-organic UV filters. It will probably not sting your eyes but might leave a white cast.
This product can be considered "reef safe" because it does not contain the UV filters (oxybenzone and octinoxate) that can be harmful to coral reefs when present in the water in high concentrations.
Anti-agingAdenosine, NiacinamideStrong evidence
“Total Age Repair Reduce Royal BB Cream SPF45 PA+++”
This product can help reduce and prevent fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity and firmness because it contains adenosine.
Keep in mind that it typically takes at least 6 weeks to notice any results because the changes that are needed to improve fine lines and elasticity happen in the deeper layers of the skin. No topical anti-aging product can “erase” wrinkles or fully reverse signs of aging.
This product can also help prevent early signs of skin aging because it offers a good level of broad spectrum sun protection. Sun damage is the main cause of premature skin aging, and protecting your skin from the sun is the best anti-aging strategy.
Evens skin toneNot advertised by the brand · Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, NiacinamideStrong evidence
This product offers broad spectrum sun protection. It means that it can prevent hyperpigmentation and help keep the skin tone even (sun damage is the main factor causing age spots, darkening of post-acne marks and other discolorations).
MoisturizingNot advertised by the brand · Dimethicone, Ethylhexyl olivate + 17 moreGood evidence
This product can help soften the skin and reduce its moisture loss with emollients and occlusives: dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone.
Keep in mind that this product does not contain effective ingredients to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. This is why an additional product with humectants like glycerin or hyaluronic acid can be helpful (apply it before this product for the best results).
Can it cause trouble?
Irritancy3 strong irritants: Sorbitan sesquioleate, Parfum + 1 more — patch-test recommendedHigh risk
ComedogenicClean of flagged comedogenic ingredientsNone flagged
User reviews
Be the first — your take helps the next person decide.
Ingredients
Filter by role to see what each ingredient is doing.
Water~40–60%
Titanium dioxide~7.2–10.8%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
More about Titanium dioxideCi 77891~4.8–7.1%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Zinc oxide~4.2–6.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A broad spectrum sunblock (protects from both UVA and UVB rays). Is suitable for most sensitive skins. In small concentrations, can be used as a colorant
More about Zinc oxideCi 77947~3.2–4.8%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Propylene glycol~2.5–3.8%
- Irritation risk
- High
Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin. It can be irritating
More about Propylene glycolDimethicone~2.3–3.5%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
More about DimethiconeButylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate~2–2.9%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprateCetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone~1.7–2.6%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A type of silicone that helps water and oil mix together. Can help to soften upper layer of the skin
More about Cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethiconeEthylhexyl olivate~1.3–1.9%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Ethylhexyl olivateOrbignya oleifera seed oil~1.1–1.7%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in calming down inflammation in skin
More about Orbignya oleifera seed oilPhenyl trimethicone~1–1.5%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A type of silicone that can decrease loss of moisture from the skin surface. It helps create a nice product texture
More about Phenyl trimethiconeNiacinamide~0.95–1.45%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture. The concentration of about 2% is effective for supporting the skin barrier and evening out the skin tone. Concentration of 4-6% is better for helping with acne and balancing the sebum production
More about NiacinamideDipentaerythrityl hexahydroxystearate/hexastearate/hexarosinate~0.9–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Caprylic/capric triglyceride~0.95–1.4%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
More about Caprylic/capric triglycerideSodium chloride~0.9–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Used to stabilize mixtures of oil and water, and create thicker, gel-like product textures
More about Sodium chlorideHydrogenated poly(c6-14 olefin)~0.9–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture
More about Hydrogenated poly(c6-14 olefin)Sorbitan sesquioleate~0.85–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- High
Used to help oil and water mix together. Can be irritating
More about Sorbitan sesquioleateHydrogenated polydecene~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture
More about Hydrogenated polydeceneHydrogenated polyisobutene~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Used to improve the product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Hydrogenated polyisobuteneMicrocrystalline wax~0.55–1.3%
Silica~0.85–1.25%
Cyclopentasiloxane~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absorb oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin
More about CyclopentasiloxaneAluminum hydroxide~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Is used to add opaque (non-transparent) appearance to formulations. Can be used to coat other ingredients for even dispersion. This is a different ingredient compared to the ones used in antipersperants (aluminium chloride and aluminium chlorohydrate)
More about Aluminum hydroxideStearic acid~0.85–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
More about Stearic acidIron oxides~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499. They might be able to offer some protection against visible light, but the degree of the protection is not clear
More about Iron oxidesCi 77492~0.55–1.3%
Calcium stearate~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Triethoxycaprylylsilane~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A type of silicone that helps oil and water mix well together. Helps to disperse other ingredients, e.g. pigments, evenly in a formulation
More about TriethoxycaprylylsilaneIron oxides~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499. They might be able to offer some protection against visible light, but the degree of the protection is not clear
More about Iron oxidesCi 77491~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating
More about Ci 77491Iron oxides~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499. They might be able to offer some protection against visible light, but the degree of the protection is not clear
More about Iron oxidesCi 77499~0.55–1.3%
Phenoxyethanol~0.5–1%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
More about PhenoxyethanolCaprylyl glycol~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
More about Caprylyl glycolDisteardimonium hectorite~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A type of clay that is used to thicken the product consistency
More about Disteardimonium hectoritePolyglyceryl-4 isostearate~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
Helps water and oil mix together
More about Polyglyceryl-4 isostearateHexyl laurate~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency
More about Hexyl laurateParfum~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- High
An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients
More about ParfumEthylhexylglycerin~0.55–1.3%
Propylene carbonate~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Is used to dissolve other ingredients and create nice product texture
More about Propylene carbonate1,2-hexanediol~0.55–1.3%
Adenosine~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)
More about AdenosineDisodium edta~0.5–1%
Lavandula angustifolia flower water~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- High
Butylene glycol~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
More about Butylene glycolAnthemis nobilis flower extract~0.5–1.2%
- Irritation risk
- High
A plant extract that one one hand, can contain compounds that can help calm down skin irritation, but, on the other hand, its other compounds (especially fragrant ones) can themselves be irritating
More about Anthemis nobilis flower extractAlcohol~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- High
Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
More about AlcoholGlycyrrhiza glabra root extract~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals
More about Glycyrrhiza glabra root extractHelichrysum italicum extract~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- High
A plant extract used to conceal the smell of other ingredients in a product. Has anti-microbial properties. Can be irritating
More about Helichrysum italicum extractCitric acid~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
More about Citric acidPotassium sorbate~0.3–0.6%
Sodium benzoate~0.25–0.5%
Wine extract~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Bht~0.55–1.3%
Royal jelly water~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Titanium dioxide~0.8–1.2%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
More about Titanium dioxideCi 77891~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Zinc oxide~0.85–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A broad spectrum sunblock (protects from both UVA and UVB rays). Is suitable for most sensitive skins. In small concentrations, can be used as a colorant
More about Zinc oxideCi 77947~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Propylene glycol~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- High
Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin. It can be irritating
More about Propylene glycolDimethicone~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
More about DimethiconeButylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprateCetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A type of silicone that helps water and oil mix together. Can help to soften upper layer of the skin
More about Cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethiconeEthylhexyl olivate~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Ethylhexyl olivateOrbignya oleifera seed oil~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in calming down inflammation in skin
More about Orbignya oleifera seed oilPhenyl trimethicone~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A type of silicone that can decrease loss of moisture from the skin surface. It helps create a nice product texture
More about Phenyl trimethiconeNiacinamide~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture. The concentration of about 2% is effective for supporting the skin barrier and evening out the skin tone. Concentration of 4-6% is better for helping with acne and balancing the sebum production
More about NiacinamideDipentaerythrityl hexahydroxystearate/hexastearate/hexarosinate~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Caprylic/capric triglyceride~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
More about Caprylic/capric triglycerideSodium chloride~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Used to stabilize mixtures of oil and water, and create thicker, gel-like product textures
More about Sodium chlorideHydrogenated poly(c6-14 olefin)~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture
More about Hydrogenated poly(c6-14 olefin)Sorbitan sesquioleate~0.55–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- High
Used to help oil and water mix together. Can be irritating
More about Sorbitan sesquioleateHydrogenated polydecene~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture
More about Hydrogenated polydeceneHydrogenated polyisobutene~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Used to improve the product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Hydrogenated polyisobuteneMicrocrystalline wax~0.55–1.3%
Silica~0.8–1.25%
Cyclopentasiloxane~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absorb oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin
More about CyclopentasiloxaneAluminum hydroxide~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Is used to add opaque (non-transparent) appearance to formulations. Can be used to coat other ingredients for even dispersion. This is a different ingredient compared to the ones used in antipersperants (aluminium chloride and aluminium chlorohydrate)
More about Aluminum hydroxideStearic acid~0.85–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
More about Stearic acidIron oxides~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499. They might be able to offer some protection against visible light, but the degree of the protection is not clear
More about Iron oxidesCi 77492~0.55–1.3%
Iron oxides~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499. They might be able to offer some protection against visible light, but the degree of the protection is not clear
More about Iron oxidesCi 77491~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating
More about Ci 77491Iron oxides~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499. They might be able to offer some protection against visible light, but the degree of the protection is not clear
More about Iron oxidesCi 77499~0.55–1.3%
Calcium stearate~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Triethoxycaprylylsilane~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A type of silicone that helps oil and water mix well together. Helps to disperse other ingredients, e.g. pigments, evenly in a formulation
More about TriethoxycaprylylsilanePhenoxyethanol~0.5–1%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
More about PhenoxyethanolCaprylyl glycol~0.6–1.35%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
More about Caprylyl glycolDisteardimonium hectorite~0.55–1.25%
- Irritation risk
- Low
A type of clay that is used to thicken the product consistency
More about Disteardimonium hectoritePolyglyceryl-4 isostearate~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
Helps water and oil mix together
More about Polyglyceryl-4 isostearateHexyl laurate~0.55–1.3%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency
More about Hexyl laurateParfum~0.5–1.2%
- Irritation risk
- High
An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients
More about ParfumEthylhexylglycerin~0.5–1.2%
Propylene carbonate~0.5–1.15%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Is used to dissolve other ingredients and create nice product texture
More about Propylene carbonate1,2-hexanediol~0.45–1.05%
Adenosine~0.5–1.1%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to help reduce dynamic wrinkles (for example, in the corners of the eyes or on the forehead)
More about AdenosineDisodium edta~0.5–1%
Lavandula angustifolia flower water~0.45–1.05%
- Irritation risk
- High
Butylene glycol~0.45–1.05%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
More about Butylene glycolAnthemis nobilis flower extract~0.4–0.95%
- Irritation risk
- High
A plant extract that one one hand, can contain compounds that can help calm down skin irritation, but, on the other hand, its other compounds (especially fragrant ones) can themselves be irritating
More about Anthemis nobilis flower extractAlcohol~0.4–0.95%
- Irritation risk
- High
Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
More about AlcoholGlycyrrhiza glabra root extract~0.4–0.9%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals
More about Glycyrrhiza glabra root extractHelichrysum italicum extract~0.35–0.8%
- Irritation risk
- High
A plant extract used to conceal the smell of other ingredients in a product. Has anti-microbial properties. Can be irritating
More about Helichrysum italicum extractCitric acid~0.2–0.8%
- Irritation risk
- Medium
Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
More about Citric acidPotassium sorbate~0.3–0.6%
Sodium benzoate~0.25–0.5%
Wine extract~0.15–0.65%
- Irritation risk
- Low
Bht~0.1–0.35%
Royal jelly~0.1–0.45%
- Irritation risk
- High
Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
More about Royal jellyIngredient list view
Water, Titanium dioxide, Ci 77891, Zinc oxide, Ci 77947, Propylene glycol, Dimethicone, Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, Cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone, Ethylhexyl olivate, Orbignya oleifera seed oil, Phenyl trimethicone, Niacinamide, Dipentaerythrityl hexahydroxystearate/hexastearate/hexarosinate, Caprylic/capric triglyceride, Sodium chloride, Hydrogenated poly(c6-14 olefin), Sorbitan sesquioleate, Hydrogenated polydecene, Hydrogenated polyisobutene, Microcrystalline wax, Silica, Cyclopentasiloxane, Aluminum hydroxide, Stearic acid, Iron oxides, Ci 77492, Calcium stearate, Triethoxycaprylylsilane, Iron oxides, Ci 77491, Iron oxides, Ci 77499, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl glycol, Disteardimonium hectorite, Polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, Hexyl laurate, Parfum, Ethylhexylglycerin, Propylene carbonate, 1,2-hexanediol, Adenosine, Disodium edta, Lavandula angustifolia flower water, Butylene glycol, Anthemis nobilis flower extract, Alcohol, Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, Helichrysum italicum extract, Citric acid, Potassium sorbate, Sodium benzoate, Wine extract, Bht, Royal jelly water, Titanium dioxide, Ci 77891, Zinc oxide, Ci 77947, Propylene glycol, Dimethicone, Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, Cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone, Ethylhexyl olivate, Orbignya oleifera seed oil, Phenyl trimethicone, Niacinamide, Dipentaerythrityl hexahydroxystearate/hexastearate/hexarosinate, Caprylic/capric triglyceride, Sodium chloride, Hydrogenated poly(c6-14 olefin), Sorbitan sesquioleate, Hydrogenated polydecene, Hydrogenated polyisobutene, Microcrystalline wax, Silica, Cyclopentasiloxane, Aluminum hydroxide, Stearic acid, Iron oxides, Ci 77492, Iron oxides, Ci 77491, Iron oxides, Ci 77499, Calcium stearate, Triethoxycaprylylsilane, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl glycol, Disteardimonium hectorite, Polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, Hexyl laurate, Parfum, Ethylhexylglycerin, Propylene carbonate, 1,2-hexanediol, Adenosine, Disodium edta, Lavandula angustifolia flower water, Butylene glycol, Anthemis nobilis flower extract, Alcohol, Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, Helichrysum italicum extract, Citric acid, Potassium sorbate, Sodium benzoate, Wine extract, Bht, Royal jelly
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Worth comparing, line by line.
Match % combines shared ingredients, the first five ingredients, shared actives and hero ingredients, irritancy (lower counts in the alternative's favour), texture and body area. Only products in the same routine step are compared.
| Etude HouseTotal Age Repair Reduce Royal BB Cream SPF45 PA+++YOUR PRODUCT | Skin79Angry Cat BB Cream Spf50+ Pa+++ | KARADIUMSnail Repair Sun Cream SPF50+ PA+++ | THE FACE SHOPfmgt Power Perfection BB Cream SPF37 PA++ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Match | — | 96% | 91% | 89% |
| Price | — | $14.99 | $19.96 | $27.90 |
| Shared key ingredients | — | 7 of 10 | 6 of 10 | 8 of 10 |
| Key difference | — | Octinoxate | Octinoxate | Retinol |
| Irritancy | High | Medium | Medium | High |
| SPF | SPF 45 | SPF 50 | SPF 50 | SPF 37 |
| Drying alcohol | Contains drying alcohol | — | — | — |
| View product | Shop | Shop | Shop |
Product summary
Based on the ingredients included, we believe that "Etude House - Total Age Repair Reduce Royal BB Cream SPF45 PA+++" can offer reliable sun protection. We love that it can protect from both UVA and UVB rays (not all sunscreens with SPF ratings give UVA protection. UVA rays do not cause sunburn, but still damage our skin and lead to early aging).
Because it includes good moisturizing ingredients, it can also work as a hydrating day cream. Like all broad-spectrum sunscreens, this product helps prevent early signs of aging.
Sunscreen filters
It is a mineral sunscreen. It uses titanium dioxide and zinc oxide for sun protection. Both titanium dioxide and zinc oxide almost never irritate even the most sensitive skin and eyes, but can leave a white cast.
Irritation risk
This sunscreen contains a bunch of common irritants, including ingredients that do not provide any known benefit for the skin. It might not be the best choice if your skin is sensitive. We assess the overall irritancy of this sunscreen to be high. For a detailed overview of all potential irritants: click here
You can see the detailed formula review with the breakdown of all actives in the product and the full ingredient list with estimated concentrations in the tables below.
Sources cited in this review
Every concentration estimate and effectiveness label is anchored to one of these 19 studies and safety reviews.
- 1A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxideonlinelibrary.wiley.com
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6Surfactants and experimental irritant contact dermatitisncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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