ESPA

ESPA Moisturisers Repair & Restore Moisturiser

Name: ESPA - Moisturisers Repair & Restore Moisturiser
Brand: ESPA

Efficacy75/100IrritancyHigh

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Works for

1 of 1 advertised claim delivered

Moisturizing

28 ingredients credited for this claim

Good support

What the product description says

“Moisturisers Repair & Restore Moisturiser”

From product name

This product can help improve hydration of the skin with the two types of ingredients.

The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: glycerin, sodium lactate.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: butyrospermum parkii butter, caprylic/capric triglyceride.

Triticum vulgare germ oilKey active· EmollientEffect: HighA good emoillient. Contains vitamin E which can help neutralise free radicals, however the oil is unstable. Avoid if you have gluten or wheat sensitivity (including food allergies).~0.7–1.1%

Beta-glucanKey activeEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles~0.3–0.55%

Butyrospermum parkii butterKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals~1.6–1.9%

Caprylic/capric triglycerideKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin~3.1–3.8%

GlycerinKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant~1.8–2.3%

Helianthus annuus seed oilKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function~0.25–0.45%

Laminaria ochroleuca extractKey activeEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin~0.2–0.35%

Oenothera biennis oilKey active· EmollientEffect: HighHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function~1.3–1.6%

Plukenetia volubilis seed oilKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighA plant oil that works as a good moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin and reducing blemishes due to the large content of linoleic acid~0.5–0.75%

Sodium lactateKey active· HumectantEffect: HighHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product~0.2–0.35%

Sodium pcaKey active· HumectantEffect: HighNaturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer~0.2–0.35%

SqualaneKey active· Emollient, OcclusiveEffect: HighAn oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.~4.1–5%

Crithmum maritimum extractKey activeEffect: MediumAn algae extract that might have anti-oxidant properties~0.2–0.35%

Canola oilKey active· EmollientEffect: MediumA plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin~0.55–0.8%

Cetearyl alcoholKey active· EmollientEffect: MediumA non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture~2.2–2.7%

Chlorella vulgaris extractKey activeEffect: MediumA plant extract that can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties~0.2–0.35%

Caprylyl glycol· Humectant, EmollientEffect: LowHelps preserve products and creates a nice product texture~0.25–0.45%

Aloe barbadensis leaf juice· HumectantEffect: LowTraditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin~5.8–7.1%

Sorbitol· HumectantEffect: LowHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture~0.3–0.55%

Butylene glycol· HumectantEffect: LowUsed to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin~0.35–0.6%

Palmitic acid· EmollientEffect: LowAn emollient that is naturally present in skin and helps soften it~0.3–0.55%

C12-16 alcohols· EmollientEffect: LowHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and improve the product's texture~0.45–0.7%

Calcium gluconate· HumectantEffect: LowHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and helps to improve appearance of the product~0.2–0.35%

Rosa canina fruit oilUnder-dosedEffect: HighA great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritating~1–1.2%

GluconolactoneUnder-dosedEffect: HighA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals~0.2–0.4%

AllantoinUnder-dosedEffect: HighHelps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated~0.15–0.3%

TocopherolEffect: Low, below effective dosePure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself~0.2–0.35%

LecithinEffect: Low, below effective doseUsed mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin~0.25–0.5%

Can it cause trouble?

Irritancy

14 strong irritants: Parfum, Geraniol + 12 more — patch-test recommended

High risk

We flagged 33 ingredients with irritancy potential. Severity depends on your sensitivity threshold; the table lists the worst offenders first.

IngredientFunctionIrritationEst. amount

ParfumAn aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredientsHigh~0.15–0.3%est.

GeraniolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.2–0.35%est.

Cymbopogon martini oilAromatic plant oil used in cosmetics as a fragrance. A likely irritantHigh~0.2–0.35%est.

Lavandula angustifolia oilAn essential oil. Potential allergen and can be irritating. It has some anti-bacterial propertiesHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

Pelargonium graveolens oilUsed as a fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

LinaloolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.2–0.35%est.

LimoneneA common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heatHigh~0.2–0.35%est.

Citrus aurantium amara flower oilUsed as a fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

Rosmarinus officinalis leaf oilA plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Has anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skinHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

Boswellia carterii oilUsed as a fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

Anthemis nobilis flower oilAn essential oil that is used as a fragrance and can be irritating. It might have some anti-oxidant effect in skinHigh~0.2–0.35%est.

Jasminum officinale flower extractFragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.15–0.3%est.

Rosa centifolia flower extractContains essential oil. Can be irritatingHigh~0.2–0.35%est.

CitralA fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritantHigh~0.15–0.25%est.

CitronellolA fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.1–0.25%est.

Aloe barbadensis leaf juiceTraditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skinMedium~5.8–7.1%est.

Caprylic/capric triglycerideA good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerinMedium~3.1–3.8%est.

Oenothera biennis oilHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier functionMedium~1.3–1.6%est.

Rosa canina fruit oilA great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritatingMedium~1–1.2%est.

Canola oilA plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skinMedium~0.55–0.8%est.

C12-16 alcoholsHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and improve the product's textureMedium~0.45–0.7%est.

Cetearyl glucosideHelps water and oil in the product mix well together and improves product textureMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Benzoic acidA preservativeMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Chlorella vulgaris extractA plant extract that can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory propertiesMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Sodium lactateHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the productMedium~0.2–0.35%est.

Ascorbyl palmitateBeing a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.Medium~0.2–0.35%est.

Dehydroacetic acidA preservativeMedium~0.2–0.4%est.

EthylhexylglycerinA preservativeMedium~0.2–0.4%est.

Phytic acidAn alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), but is mostly used to stabilize product formulations in cosmeticsMedium~0.25–0.4%est.

Caprylyl glycolHelps preserve products and creates a nice product textureMedium~0.25–0.45%est.

GluconolactoneA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsMedium~0.2–0.4%est.

Sorbic acidA preservativeMedium~0.15–0.3%est.

Citric acidCan work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pHMedium~0.05–0.1%est.

Comedogenic

6 ingredients rated 2 or more on the 0–5 pore-clogging scale

6 flagged

These ingredients have a comedogenic rating of 2 or more on a 0–5 scale; the table shows each one's rating. In leave-on products they can clog pores in acne-prone skin.

IngredientFunctionRatingEst. amount

Butyrospermum parkii butterA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals3/5~1.6–1.9%est.

Triticum vulgare germ oilA good emoillient. Contains vitamin E which can help neutralise free radicals, however the oil is unstable. Avoid if you have gluten or wheat sensitivity (including food allergies).3/5~0.7–1.1%est.

Laminaria ochroleuca extractHelps attract water to the upper layer of the skin3/5~0.2–0.35%est.

Chlorella vulgaris extractA plant extract that can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties3/5~0.2–0.35%est.

Crithmum maritimum extractAn algae extract that might have anti-oxidant properties3/5~0.2–0.35%est.

Cetearyl alcoholA non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture2/5~2.2–2.7%est.

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Ingredients

Filter by role to see what each ingredient is doing.

Water~45–55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Plain old water

More about Water

Aloe barbadensis leaf juice~5.8–7.1%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

MoisturizingReduces rednessReduces irritationAntibacterialAnti-inflammatoryAnti-blemishAnti-aging

Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin

More about Aloe barbadensis leaf juice

Squalane~4.1–5%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.

More about Squalane

Caprylic/capric triglyceride~3.1–3.8%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin

More about Caprylic/capric triglyceride

Cetearyl alcohol~2.2–2.7%

Key activeComedogenic 2/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 2/5

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture

More about Cetearyl alcohol

Glycerin~1.8–2.3%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

More about Glycerin

Butyrospermum parkii butter~1.6–1.9%

Key activeComedogenic 3/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 3/5

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidationAnti-aging

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

More about Butyrospermum parkii butter

Oenothera biennis oil~1.3–1.6%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidationAnti-blemishAnti-inflammatory

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function

More about Oenothera biennis oil

Rosa canina fruit oil~1–1.2%

Under-dosedIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

A great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritating

More about Rosa canina fruit oil

Triticum vulgare germ oil~0.7–1.1%

Key activeComedogenic 3/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 3/5

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

A good emoillient. Contains vitamin E which can help neutralise free radicals, however the oil is unstable. Avoid if you have gluten or wheat sensitivity (including food allergies).

More about Triticum vulgare germ oil

Canola oil~0.55–0.8%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

A plant oil that can help soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Canola oil

Plukenetia volubilis seed oil~0.5–0.75%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A plant oil that works as a good moisturizer by softening the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation in skin and reducing blemishes due to the large content of linoleic acid

More about Plukenetia volubilis seed oil

C12-16 alcohols~0.45–0.7%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and improve the product's texture

More about C12-16 alcohols

Butylene glycol~0.35–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Butylene glycol

Beta-glucan~0.3–0.55%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryReduces irritationAnti-blemishAnti-oxidationAnti-aging

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin, calm down inflammation and irritation, restore the barrier function and support wound healing. It can be helpful in reducing fine lines and wrinkles

More about Beta-glucan

Phenoxyethanol~0.3–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products

More about Phenoxyethanol

Sorbitol~0.3–0.55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture

More about Sorbitol

Palmitic acid~0.3–0.55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

An emollient that is naturally present in skin and helps soften it

More about Palmitic acid

Lecithin~0.25–0.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

CleansingMoisturizing

Used mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

More about Lecithin

Chitin~0.3–0.6%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Chitin

Inulin lauryl carbamate~0.2–0.4%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

More about Inulin lauryl carbamate

Sodium pca~0.2–0.35%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer

More about Sodium pca

Cetearyl glucoside~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Cleansing

Helps water and oil in the product mix well together and improves product texture

More about Cetearyl glucoside

Sclerotium gum~0.15–0.3%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to create gel-like formulas and stabilize emulsions

More about Sclerotium gum

Sucrose cocoate~0.2–0.35%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

More about Sucrose cocoate

Parfum~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients

More about Parfum

Benzoic acid~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Benzoic acid

Allantoin~0.15–0.3%

Under-dosed

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-inflammatoryMoisturizingAnti-blemishReduces rednessReduces irritationExfoliation

Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated

More about Allantoin

Bisabolol~0.15–0.25%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Reduces irritationAnti-inflammatoryAnti-oxidation

An active component of chamomile plant that historically has been used to calm down irritated skin. A recent study shows that bisabolol indeed can have some anti-inflammatory effect on skin, even though conclusive data is lacking. Bisabolol has a sweet floral scent and can be added to products for its aromatic properties

More about Bisabolol

Laminaria ochroleuca extract~0.2–0.35%

Key activeComedogenic 3/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 3/5

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin

More about Laminaria ochroleuca extract

Tocopherol~0.2–0.35%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Anti-oxidationAnti-agingAnti-inflammatoryMoisturizing

Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself

More about Tocopherol

Chlorella vulgaris extract~0.2–0.35%

Key activeComedogenic 3/5Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium
Comedogenicity: 3/5

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryAnti-oxidation

A plant extract that can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

More about Chlorella vulgaris extract

Sodium lactate~0.2–0.35%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product

More about Sodium lactate

Ascorbyl palmitate~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-agingAnti-oxidation

Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.

More about Ascorbyl palmitate

Geraniol~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Geraniol

Cymbopogon martini oil~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Aromatic plant oil used in cosmetics as a fragrance. A likely irritant

More about Cymbopogon martini oil

Dehydroacetic acid~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Dehydroacetic acid

Helianthus annuus seed oil~0.25–0.45%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function

More about Helianthus annuus seed oil

Lavandula angustifolia oil~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

An essential oil. Potential allergen and can be irritating. It has some anti-bacterial properties

More about Lavandula angustifolia oil

Pelargonium graveolens oil~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Pelargonium graveolens oil

Linalool~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Linalool

Crithmum maritimum extract~0.2–0.35%

Key activeComedogenic 3/5

Irritation risk: Low
Comedogenicity: 3/5

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-oxidation

An algae extract that might have anti-oxidant properties

More about Crithmum maritimum extract

Limonene~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat

More about Limonene

Citrus aurantium amara flower oil~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Citrus aurantium amara flower oil

Rosmarinus officinalis leaf oil~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-oxidationAntibacterial

A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Has anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skin

More about Rosmarinus officinalis leaf oil

Codium tomentosum extract~0.2–0.4%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Codium tomentosum extract

Ethylhexylglycerin~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Ethylhexylglycerin

Phytic acid~0.25–0.4%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), but is mostly used to stabilize product formulations in cosmetics

More about Phytic acid

Caprylyl glycol~0.25–0.45%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture

More about Caprylyl glycol

Boswellia carterii oil~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Boswellia carterii oil

Gluconolactone~0.2–0.4%

Under-dosedIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

MoisturizingAnti-agingEvens skin toneExfoliationAnti-blemishAnti-oxidation

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals

More about Gluconolactone

Pelvetia canaliculata extract~0.25–0.4%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Pelvetia canaliculata extract

Sodium benzoate~0.2–0.4%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

A preservative

More about Sodium benzoate

Anthemis nobilis flower oil~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-oxidationAnti-inflammatory

An essential oil that is used as a fragrance and can be irritating. It might have some anti-oxidant effect in skin

More about Anthemis nobilis flower oil

Jasminum officinale flower extract~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Jasminum officinale flower extract

Rosa centifolia flower extract~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Contains essential oil. Can be irritating

More about Rosa centifolia flower extract

Vetiveria zizanoides root oil~0.15–0.3%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Vetiveria zizanoides root oil

Citral~0.15–0.25%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritant

More about Citral

Citronellol~0.1–0.25%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Citronellol

Sorbic acid~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Sorbic acid

Calcium gluconate~0.2–0.35%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and helps to improve appearance of the product

More about Calcium gluconate

Citric acid~0.05–0.1%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH

More about Citric acid

Sodium hydroxide~0.1–0.15%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to adjust the product's pH

More about Sodium hydroxide

Ingredient list view

Water, Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, Squalane, Caprylic/capric triglyceride, Cetearyl alcohol, Glycerin, Butyrospermum parkii butter, Oenothera biennis oil, Rosa canina fruit oil, Triticum vulgare germ oil, Canola oil, Plukenetia volubilis seed oil, C12-16 alcohols, Butylene glycol, Beta-glucan, Phenoxyethanol, Sorbitol, Palmitic acid, Lecithin, Chitin, Inulin lauryl carbamate, Sodium pca, Cetearyl glucoside, Sclerotium gum, Sucrose cocoate, Parfum, Benzoic acid, Allantoin, Bisabolol, Laminaria ochroleuca extract, Tocopherol, Chlorella vulgaris extract, Sodium lactate, Ascorbyl palmitate, Geraniol, Cymbopogon martini oil, Dehydroacetic acid, Helianthus annuus seed oil, Lavandula angustifolia oil, Pelargonium graveolens oil, Linalool, Crithmum maritimum extract, Limonene, Citrus aurantium amara flower oil, Rosmarinus officinalis leaf oil, Codium tomentosum extract, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phytic acid, Caprylyl glycol, Boswellia carterii oil, Gluconolactone, Pelvetia canaliculata extract, Sodium benzoate, Anthemis nobilis flower oil, Jasminum officinale flower extract, Rosa centifolia flower extract, Vetiveria zizanoides root oil, Citral, Citronellol, Sorbic acid, Calcium gluconate, Citric acid, Sodium hydroxide

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Match % combines shared ingredients, the first five ingredients, shared actives and hero ingredients, irritancy (lower counts in the alternative's favour), texture and body area. Only products in the same routine step are compared.

Side-by-side comparison of this product against its closest alternatives
	ESPAMoisturisers Repair & Restore MoisturiserYOUR PRODUCT	Elizabeth GrantCaviar Cellular Recharge Super Night Cream	Glowbiotics MDGlowbiotics Probiotic Ultra Rich Brightening Cream	Green PeopleNeutral Scent Free 24-Hour Cream
Match	—	58%	57%	57%
Price	$63.46	$60.00−$3.46	$66.00+$2.54	$29.08−$34.38
Shared key ingredients	—	7 of 17	7 of 17	6 of 17
Key difference	—	Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7	Myristoyl Nonapeptide-3	Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
Irritancy	High	Medium	Medium	Medium
Drying alcohol	—	—	Contains drying alcohol	—
	View product	Shop	Shop	Shop

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Sources cited in this review

Every concentration estimate and effectiveness label is anchored to one of these 42 studies and safety reviews.

1
Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functionsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2
Canola Oilsciencedirect.com
3
Chemical composition of Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds and characteristics of their lipid fractionresearchgate.net
4
β-Glucans: Multi-Functional Modulator of Wound Healingncbi.nlm.nih.gov
5
Anti-Wrinkle Therapy: Significant New Findings in the Non-Invasive Cosmetic Treatment of Skin Wrinkles with Beta-Glucanonlinelibrary.wiley.com
6
Skin Health Promotion Effects of Natural Beta-Glucan Derived from Cereals and Microorganisms: A Reviewonlinelibrary.wiley.com
7
Anticancer properties of low molecular weight oat beta-glucan – An in vitro studysciencedirect.com
8
A critical review on production and industrial applications 2 of beta-glucanssciencedirect.com
9
Improving skin function with CM-glucan, a biological response modifier from yeastonlinelibrary.wiley.com
10
Preparation, characterization, and biological properties of β-glucansncbi.nlm.nih.gov
11
Characterization of a new beta(1-3)-glucan branching activity of Aspergillus fumigatusncbi.nlm.nih.gov
12
Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoinscielo.br
13
α-(-)-Bisabolol Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Ameliorates Skin Inflammationresearchgate.net
14
Vitamin E in dermatologyncbi.nlm.nih.gov
15
Vitamin E and Skin Healthlpi.oregonstate.edu
16
Annex I: Clinical evidence regarding sensitisation to individual fragrance chemicals and to natural extractsec.europa.eu
17
4 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium Dehydroacetate and Dehydroacetic Acidjournals.sagepub.com
18
Effect of Olive and Sunflower Seed Oil on the Adult Skin Barrier: Implications for Neonatal Skin Careonlinelibrary.wiley.com
19
Topically Applied Sunflower Seed Oil Prevents Invasive Bacterial Infections in Preterm Infants in Egyptjournals.lww.com
20
Effect of topically applied lipids on surfactant-irritated skinonlinelibrary.wiley.com
21
Impact of topical oils on the skin barrier: possible implications for neonatal health in developing countriesonlinelibrary.wiley.com
22
Biological Activities and Safety of Citrus spp. Essential Oilsncbi.nlm.nih.gov
23
Assessment report on Rosmarinus officinalis L., aetheroleum and Rosmarinus officinalis L., folium ema.europa.eu
24
Screening of plant extracts for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts with dermatological relevancesciencedirect.com
25
Occupational contact dermatitis due to essential oilsonlinelibrary.wiley.com
26
The in vitro antimicrobial activity and chemometric modelling of 59 commercial essential oils against pathogens of dermatological relevanceonlinelibrary.wiley.com
27
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Rosemary and Sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) Essential Oilspubs.acs.org
28
Chemical Composition, Plant Genetic Differences, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity Investigation of the Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L.pubs.acs.org
29
Cosmetic and dermatologic use of alpha hydroxy acidsonlinelibrary.wiley.com
30
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerability of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Mandelic Acid, and Phytic Acid Combination Peels in Melasmancbi.nlm.nih.gov
31
A comparative study of gluconolactone versus benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acnencbi.nlm.nih.gov
32
The Polyhydroxy Acid Gluconolactone Protects Against Ultraviolet Radiation in an In Vitro Model of Cutaneous Photoagingonlinelibrary.wiley.com
33
Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivityncbi.nlm.nih.gov
34
The efficacy of glycolic acid, salicylic acid, gluconolactone, and licochalcone A combined with 0.1% adapalene vs adapalene monotherapy in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a double-blinded within-person comparative studydovepress.com
35
A polyhydroxy acid skin care regimen provides antiaging effects comparable to an alpha-hydroxyacid regimenncbi.nlm.nih.gov
36
The use of polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) in photoaged skin
37
Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Alpha-hydroxyacids and carboxylic acidsonlinelibrary.wiley.com
38
An evaluation of a polyhydroxy acid skin care regimen in combination with azelaic acid 15% gel in rosacea patientsonlinelibrary.wiley.com
39
Aging Skin: Causes, Treatments, and Preventionsciencedirect.com
40
Clinical and cosmeceutical uses of hydroxyacidssciencedirect.com
41
Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs) Provide Conditioning Effects to Skin Without Increasing Sensitivity to UV Lightneostrata.neogen.gr
42
Safety Assessment of Anthemis nobilis– Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmeticsjournals.sagepub.com

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