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1
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water (aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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glycolic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid
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3
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sodium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the product's pH
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4
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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5
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mineral oil
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One of the most effective and well studied occlusive and emollient moisturizing ingredients. Helps reduce moisture loss in skin and repair skin barrier function
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6
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cetyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together
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7
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stearic acid
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Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
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8
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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9
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glyceryl stearate
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An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together
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10
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peg-100 stearate
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Helps oil and water mix togehter and creates a nice product texture
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11
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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12
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polyacrylamide
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Used to improve product texture and help oil and water mix together
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13
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prunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond) oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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14
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persea gratissima (avocado) oil
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and could be helpful in repairing its barrier function
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15
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helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil
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A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function
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16
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prunus armeniaca (apricot) kernel oil
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An emollient that helps soften the skin
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17
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c13-14 isoparaffin
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin, dissolve other ingredients and create a thicker product consistency
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18
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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19
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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20
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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21
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hydrogenated jojoba oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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22
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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23
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laureth-7
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Helps oil and water mix together
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24
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ethylhexylglycerin
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A preservative
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25
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aloe barbadensis leaf extract
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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26
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sodium gluconate
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Helps stabilize product formulations
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