| 1 |
water (aqua
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
glycolic acid
| An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid |
| 3 |
hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer
| A gelling agent that thickens the product consistency and leaves the skin with a velvety finish |
| 4 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 5 |
sodium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the product's pH |
| 6 |
salicylic acid
| Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid) |
| 7 |
aloe barbadensis leaf extract
| Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin |
| 8 |
camellia oleifera leaf extract
| A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation, even though it is not usually used in sufficient concentration in cosmetics |
| 9 |
lactobacillus/pumpkin ferment extract
| An enzyme-based exfoliant |
| 10 |
lactobacillus/punica granatum fruit ferment extract
| An enzyme-based exfoliant |
| 11 |
opuntia ficus-indica extract
| |
| 12 |
pyrus malus (apple) fruit extract
| Can have some moisturizing properties due to its sugar content |
| 13 |
silybum marianum seed extract
| |
| 14 |
saccharomyces cerevisiae extract
| A moisturizing ingredient that works as a humectant to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. |
| 15 |
vitis vinifera (grape) juice extract
| Contains AHAs that exfoliate the upper layer of the skin. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin due to the sugar content |
| 16 |
camellia sinensis leaf powder
| Might provide some anti-oxidant benefits and help attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 17 |
cicer arietinum seed powder
| |
| 18 |
sclerocarya birrea seed oil
| An emollient that helps to soften the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties. It might be somewhat helpful against hyperpigmentation |
| 19 |
passiflora edulis seed oil
| A good emollient helping to soften the skin. Might have some anti-oxidant properties |
| 20 |
leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
| A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine |
| 21 |
sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer
| Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin |
| 22 |
sodium pca
| Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer |
| 23 |
allantoin
| Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated |
| 24 |
dipotassium glycyrrhizate
| A salt derived from licorice. Works as an emollient to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help calm down inflammation. Might be helpful for skin lightening |
| 25 |
dextrin
| A sugar that is used to stabilize the product formulation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 26 |
polydextrose
| |
| 27 |
sorbitan isostearate
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 28 |
amylopectin
| |
| 29 |
niacinamide
| Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture |
| 30 |
phytosphingosine
| A type of lipid that is naturally present in skin. It might help in repairing skin barrier function and has anti-bacterial effect |
| 31 |
lactic acid
| An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) |
| 32 |
propanediol
| Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin |
| 33 |
citric acid
| Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH |
| 34 |
titanium dioxide
| Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin |
| 35 |
trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate
| Used to improve stability of the formulation |
| 36 |
polysorbate 60
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 37 |
caprylyl glycol
| Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture |
| 38 |
chlorphenesin
| A preservative |
| 39 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
