The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: glycerin, lactose.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: beeswax, butyrospermum parkii butter.

Ingredient	Effectiveness	Concentration	Irritancy
prunus armeniaca kernel oil	HIGH
beeswax	HIGH
butyrospermum parkii butter	HIGH

Potential irritants

IRRITANCY

HIGH

Ingredient	Irritancy	Skin Benefit
alcohol
prunus armeniaca kernel oil
calendula officinalis flower extract

Ingredients by volume

Ingredient	Estimated concentration
water Plain old water	40% - 60%
pyrus cydonia seed extract	3.8% - 5.7%
alcohol Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties	3.7% - 5.5%
glycerin One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant	2.6% - 4%
prunus amygdalus dulcis oil An emollient that softens the skin	2.1% - 3.2%
butyrospermum parkii butter A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals	1.8% - 2.6%
mesembryanthemum crystallinum extract	1.4% - 2.2%
anthyllis vulneraria extract	1.2% - 1.9%
prunus armeniaca kernel oil An emollient that helps soften the skin	1.1% - 1.6%
calendula officinalis flower extract A plant extract that has some anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties. Can be irritating	0.8% - 1.2%
cetearyl alcohol A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture	0.6% - 1.4%
hectorite	0.5% - 1.15%
rosa canina fruit extract A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties, but evidence is lacking	0.4% - 0.9%
daucus carota sativa root extract Carrot extract. Might have anti-oxidant properties and be used to add orange color	0.35% - 0.85%
beeswax Forms a protective barrier that holds water and keeps dry skin hydrated. Keeps an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components, and increases the thickness of a product. Can be an allergen	0.4% - 0.95%
rosa damascena flower cera	0.35% - 0.8%
parfum An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients	0.3% - 0.75%
linalool A fragrance. Can be irritating	0.2% - 0.8%
citral A fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritant	0.2% - 0.75%
citronellol A fragrance. Can be irritating	0.15% - 0.65%
limonene A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat	0.15% - 0.6%
geraniol A fragrance. Can be irritating	0.15% - 0.55%
farnesol Added to create a nice product smell. Can be irritating	0.15% - 0.5%
benzyl benzoate Fragrance with sweet balsamic smell. Help to preserve products and dissolve other ingredients. Could trigger allergic reactions and be irritating	0.1% - 0.45%
eugenol A fragrance. Is a likely irritant	0.1% - 0.45%
benzyl salicylate A fragrance. Is a likely irritant	0.1% - 0.4%
lysolecithin Lecithin derivative. It helps oil and water mix together and can enhance penetration of other ingredients. It helps soften the upper layer of the skin	0.1% - 0.4%
simmondsia chinensis seed oil Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.	0.1% - 0.45%
xanthan gum Used to create a thicker product consistency	0.1% - 0.3%
propolis cera	0.1% - 0.3%
helianthus annuus seed oil A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function	0.05% - 0.25%
ricinus communis seed oil A plant oil that can help soften the skin. It might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but solid research is lacking. Is often used in lip products to create the needed product consistency	0.05% - 0.2%
lactose Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin	0.05% - 0.1%
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