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1
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water\aqua\eau
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Plain old water
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2
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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3
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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4
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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5
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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6
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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7
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dipropylene glycol
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Helps to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation. Slows down the rate of product drying
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8
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acetyl glucosamine
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An effective moisturizing ingredient that also has been shown to be effective in evening out the skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help somewhat reduce wrinkles in skin
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9
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cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract
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Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect
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10
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hordeum vulgare (barley) extract\extrait d'orge
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A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties. Avoid if you are sensitive to gluten
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11
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morus nigra (mulberry) root extract
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A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin and have some skin-lightening effect, but good evidence is missing
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12
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molasses extract\saccharum officinarum\extrait de mlasse
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have a weak skin-lightening effect, but solid research is missing
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13
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laminaria digitata extract
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Seaweed extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but good research is lacking at the moment
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14
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scutellaria baicalensis root extract
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A plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant properties
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15
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acetyl hexapeptide-8
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A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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16
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vitis vinifera (grape) fruit extract
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A plant extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals in skin, but is less potent than the extract from the seeds
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17
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algae extract
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Plant extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but research is not extensive yet
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18
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palmitoyl hexapeptide-12
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A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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19
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palmitoyl tripeptide-1
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A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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20
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palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
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A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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21
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alcaligenes polysaccharides
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22
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caffeine
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Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes
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23
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sucrose
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Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In crystal form, it can work as a gentle exfoliant, gentler than the salt scrub. Helps stabilize the emulsion
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24
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whey protein\lactis protein\protine du petit-lait
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A protein derived from milk. In skincare products, might help to soften the upper layer of the skin
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25
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betaine
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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26
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salicylic acid
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Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)
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27
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glycine soja (soybean) protein
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A plant extract that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it. It might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. It might be somewhat helpful for evening out the skin tone. It might be able to support elastin production but solid research is lacking
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28
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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29
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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30
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sigesbeckia orientalis (st. paul's wort) extract
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A plant extract that can contain an anti-inflammatory compound
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31
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bis-peg-18 methyl ether dimethyl silane
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A type of silicone that helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture
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32
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propylene glycol dicaprate
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An emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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33
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helianthus annuus (sunflower) seedcake
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Used to thicken the product consistency
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34
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allyl methacrylates crosspolymer
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Used to stabilize product formulations
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35
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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36
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glyceryl polymethacrylate
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Used to create a nice product texture
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37
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tromethamine
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Helps adjust pH in products
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38
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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39
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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40
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peg-8
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Used to create a nice product consistency
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41
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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42
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sodium citrate
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Helps to control the skin's pH level. Maintains the skin's natural film of amino-lactic acids and oils. Helps to preserve products
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43
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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44
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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