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1
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water
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Plain old water
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2
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, cocoamidopropyl oxide,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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3
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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4
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cetyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together
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5
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stearyl alcohol
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An emollient that helps soften the skin
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6
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potassium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the pH level of products
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7
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sodium phytate
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Used to stabilize product formulations
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8
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citrus grandis peel oil
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A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that, especially when exposed to air, can cause allergic reactions and irritate the skin
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9
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citrus noblis peel oil
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A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that, especially when exposed to air, can cause allergic reactions and irritate the skin
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10
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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11
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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12
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retinyl acetate
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13
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methylchloroisothiazolinone
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14
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, methylisothiazolione,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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15
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calendula officinalis flower extract
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A plant extract that has some anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties. Can be irritating
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16
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anthemis noblis flower extract
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A plant extract that one one hand, can contain compounds that can help calm down skin irritation, but, on the other hand, its other compounds (especially fragrant ones) can themselves be irritating
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